• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.387-395
• /
• 2020

Background: The anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique has been reported to be a less traumatic alternative to several conventional nerve blocks and local infiltration for anesthesia of the maxillary teeth, their periodontium, and the palate. However, its anatomic basis remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine if the pattern of cortical and cancellous bone density in the maxillary premolar region can provide a rationale for the success of the AMSA anesthetic technique. Method: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 66 maxillary quadrants from 34 patients (16 men and 18 women) were evaluated using a volumetric imaging software for cortical and cancellous bone densities in three interdental regions between the canine and first molar. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) separately for the buccal cortical, palatal cortical, buccal cancellous, and palatal cancellous bones. Mean HU values were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis. Results: Cancellous bone density was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) in the palatal half than in the buccal half across all three interdental regions. However, there was no significant difference (P = 0.106) between the buccal and palatal cortical bone densities at the site of AMSA injection. No significant difference was observed between the two genders for any of the evaluated parameters. Conclusions: The palatal half of the cancellous bone had a significantly lower density than the buccal half, which could be a reason for the effective diffusion of the anesthetic solution following a palatal injection during the AMSA anesthetic technique.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of female's Bone Mineral Density after taking herbal medicine. We examined age, sex, marriage, alcohol, smoking, and job of 76 female and their life style related with Osteoporosis. Bone Mineral Density was examined after 1 month (one herbal medicine), 2 months (two herbal medicine), and 3 months (three herbal medicine) between Group I (taking pear extract) and Group II (taking herbal medicine). Bone Mineral Density of Group II after 1 month was increased, but insignificant. Bone Mineral Density was not significantly different between the Group I and Group II after 2 and 3 months. In this study, we can conclude that Bone Mineral Density was increased after 1 month of taking herbal medicine. But we had inaccurate results due to limitations of this study: period of test, accuracy of instrument, impossibility of use young antlers of the deer, and etc. More detailed study should be conducted to yield more concrete results.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to closely examine the effects on bone mineral density and health promotion behaviors following the intervention of a 20-week Thera band exercise program targeting elderly women. Methods: This study is a pseudo-experimental research with a pre-and-post design in a single group that examined the effects after the intervention of Thera Band Exercise for 20 weeks targeting 31 elderly women over 60 years of age who visit a Senior Welfare Center located in K city. It analyzed subjects' general characteristics using error and percentage, health promotion behavior, and a bone density aspect using the mean and standard deviation, as well as a change in the health promotion behavior and bone density, before and after exercise with Paired t-test by using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The effect of the Thera band exercise program on bone mineral density was reduced (t=8.140, p<.001) gradually after 20 weeks of exercise compared to the pre-exercise period. The health promotion behavior before and after exercise showed the significantly increasing outcomes (t=3.26, p=.003). Conclusion: There is a limitation to a direct rise in bone mineral density with the use of Thera band exercise intervention in the elderly. A change in health promotion behavior before and after exercise increased significantly. Thus, it was confirmed that taking exercise leads to a gradual rise in health promotion behavior. Hence, it understood that continuous exercise is useful and brings about a positive change in promoting health maintenance in elderly women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.863-869
• /
• 2002

Soy isoflavones have been hypothesized to exert hormonal effects and to enhance bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of soy isoflavones supplements on bone mineral density and sex hormones (serum estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone) in 47 postmenopausal women. There were 24 participants in the treatment group and 23 in the control group. The treatment group consumed the isoftavones extract capsule daily (which contained 90 mg of soy isoflavones) for 12 weeks. The study compared pre- and post-isoflavones intake in the following areas: physical examination, diet survey, bone mineral density and serum sex hormone levels. The average age of the treatment group was 64.63 years and that of the control group was 66.48 years. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of height, weight, and body mass index. Both groups maintained regular diet patterns in terms of their average daily nutrient intake. There was no significant difference between the treatment group (18.49 mg) and the control group (21.27 mg) in terms of daily isoflavones intake based on diet. The 12-week analysis of bone mineral density change after taking isoflavones supplements demonstrated no significant differences in the following : lumbar spine BMD (0.82 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in pre versus 0.81 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in post), femoral neck BMD (0.58 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in pre versus 0.57 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in post) in the treatment group. There was no significant difference in serum estradiol in the isoflavones treatment group. The subjects indicated no significant difference in serum testosterone in the isoflavones treatment group. But the subjects indicated a significant difference in sex hormone-binding globulin (60.04 nmol/L in pre versus 52.39 nmol/L in post) in the isoflavones treatment group at the levels of p < 0.05. The significant decrease in sex hormone-binding globulin did indicate the need for long-term study on isoflavones supplementation as well as its positive effect on bone mineral density.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify the influencing factors of the compliance level to a therapeutic regimen after a bone mineral densitometry test. Method: The sample for the study was 95 people who took the bone mineral densitometry test from March, 2002 to July, 2002. Data was collected by mail using aself reporting questionnaire on the selected variables such as the compliance level, self efficacy, health locus of control, susceptibility, severity, usefulness, barrier, and self esteem. Results: The average compliance level was 63.93. Through multiple regression, three independent variables including chance health locus of control on personality, the result of bone mineral density and self-efficacy were entered in the model as the significant determinants of the compliance level after a bone mineral densitometry test. The coefficients of determination of each variable were 10.9%, 8.3% and 8.1% respectively. Conclusion: The identification of the determinants of the compliance level to the therapeutic regimen after bone mineral densitometry is expected to contribute to the development of an intervention program to improve the compliance level to the therapeutic regimen in osteoporosis patients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to compare the bone mineral density and risk factors of osteoporosis between normal and rheumatoid arthritis in postmenopausal women. Sixty-eight postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) were compared with 124 postmenopausal normal women. Data were collected from october, 1998 to April, 1999 at Dong-a university hospital in Pusan. From all subjects, individual characteristics such as age, body weight, height, age of menarche, duration of menopause, gravity, parity, and breast feeding period and factors of life style such as milk consumption, exercise, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, coffee consumption were identified as influencing factors of osteoporosis by questionnaire. From RA patients, health assessment score, Ritchie articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and steroid dosage were measured by rheumatologist on measuring bone mineral density. Bone mineral density was measured at the Lumbar spine, femoral neck, femur Ward's triangle, and femur trochanter using dual x-ray absorptiometry. The data was analyzed by using a frequency, t-test, Chi-square, ANCOVA with SPSS PC program. The results could be summarized as follows : 1) There was a significant difference in age and breast feeding period between RA patients and normal women. 2) RA patients took less calcium in the past and practiced less regular exercise in past and present than normal women. 3) There was no difference in lumbar bone mineral density between RA patients and normal women. 4) There was a significant difference in femur Ward's triangle and femur trochanter between RA patients and normal women after adjustment for age and breast feeding period. 5) The prevalence of osteoporosis of all subjects was the highest in femur Ward's triangle. In summary, our findings suggest that the bone mineral densities of femur Ward's triangle and trochanter in postmenopausal women with RA is significantly lower than normal women. Also the exercise participation rate of postmenopausal women with RA is lower than normal women. For the further study, we recommend to develop exercise program that improve the bone mineral density in femur Ward's triangle and trochanter and to test the effect of that exercise program.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study is intended to compare musculoskeletal characteristics and Bone Mineral Density (BMD)-related factors between male and female students in a university. Methods: This descriptive study used self-report questionnaires and physical measurements to collect data. Subjects were 64 male and 67 female university students. The questionnaires asked BMD-related factors such as diet, exercise, mental health, and lifestyle. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and correlation analysis. Results: The male group showed better back strength, balance, endurance, physical activity, and musculoskeletal health management than the female group. Depression and smoking rates were higher in the male group than in the female group. No difference was found in diet between the two groups. Conclusion: The results suggest to develop gender-specific strategies to increase BMD in university students.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.581-595
• /
• 2001

In performing implant procedures in the anterior portion of the maxilla, many difficulties exist because of anatomical reasons, such as the proximity of the nasal floor, lateral extension of the incisive canal, and labial concavity. On the other hand, in the posterior region of the maxilla, there is often insufficient recipient bone between the maxillary sinus and alveolar ridge due to alveolar ridge resorption and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. In order to perform implants in such regions, ridge augmentation procedures such as onlay bone graft, guided bone regeneration, and maxillary sinus grafting are performed. In studies of Caucasians, use of autograft from mandibular symphysis has been reported to be highly successful in maxillary sinus grafting. However, in a clinical study of Koreans, autograft of mandibular symphysis has been reported to have significantly low success rate. It has been hypothesized that this is because of insufficient cancellous bone due to thick cortical bone. In order to test this hypothesis, bone quality and morphology of Koreans can be compared with those of Caucasians. In this study, the bone density and morphology of the cortical bone and cancellous bone in the mandibular symphysis of 35 Korean cadavers were evaluated. The following results were obtained: 1. In terms of bone density, type I, type II, and type III consisted of 1.4%(3/213), 72.3%(154/213), and 26.3%(56/213) of the cross-sectioned specimens, respectively. In general, the bone density tended to change from type II to type III, as cross-sectioned specimens were evaluated from the midline to the canine. Type IV wasn't observed in this study. 2. The distance between the root apex and the lower border of the cancellous bone was 18.34mm-20.59mm. Considering that the bone has to be cut 5mm below the root apex during the procedure, autografts with about 15mm of vertical thickness can be obtained. 3. The thickness of cortical bone on the labial side increased from the root apex to the lower border of the mandible. The average values ranged from 1.43mm to 2.36mm. 4. The labio-lingual thickness of cancellous bone ranged from 3.43mm to 6.51mm. The thickness tended to increase from the apex to the lower border of the mandible and decrease around the lower border of cancellous bone. From the above results, the anatomic factors of the mandibular symphysis (bone density, thickness, quantity and length of the cortical bone and cancellous bone) didn't show any difference from Caucasians, and it cannot be viewed as the cause of failure in autografts in the maxillary sinus for implants.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 2005

Objectives : The effects of exercise on bone density have been found to be inconsistent in previous studies. We conducted a cross-sectional study in premenarcheal girls to test two hypotheses to explain these inconsistencies. Firstly,'the intensity of mechanical strain, in terms of the ground reaction force(GRF), has more important effects on the bone mass at a weight-bearing site', and secondly, 'calcium intake modifies the bone response to exercise'. Methods : The areal bone mineral density was measured at the Os calcis, using peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, in 91 premenarcheal girls aged between 9 and 12 years. The intensity of mechanical strain of exercise was assessed by a self-report questionnaire and scored by the GRF as multiples of body weight, irrespective of the frequency and duration of exercise. The energy and calcium intake were calculated from the 24-hour dietary recall. An analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was used to determine the interaction and main effects of exercise and calcium on the bone density, after adjusting for age, weight, height and energy intake. Results : The difference in the bone density between moderate and low impact exercise was more pronounced in the high than low calcium intake group. The bone density for moderate impact exercise and high calcium intake was significantly higher than that for low impact exercise (p=0.046) and low calcium intake, after adjusting for age, weight, height and energy intake. Conclusions : Our study suggests that the bone density at a weight-bearing site is positively related to the intensity of mechanical loading exercise, and the calcium intake may modify the bone response to exercise at the loaded site in premenarcheal girls.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate physical characteristics, lifestyle related to bone-health, and bone mineral density (BMD) in mothers and their daughters and to determine the predictors of BMD. Method: BMDs at the forearm, lumbar spine, and femur were measured in 101 healthy, mother-daughter pairs by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mother-daughter differences between general characteristics, means for BMDs were assessed by ${\chi}^2$-test, t-tests. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of BMD in each group. Results: Mothers had significantly higher BMD than their daughters at forearm, lumbar spine, and femur. The predictors of mothers' BMDs were body weight, body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat, explaining 5.1~31.6% of the variation in BMDs. BMI, percentage body fat and their mother's BMD of the corresponding site bone were predictors in daughters, explaining 17.5~31.6% of the variations in BMDs. Conclusion: These results indicate the importance of weight on bone that the BMDs seems to be related to fat free mass both in young-adult daughters and in middle aged mothers. These also suggest the importance ofintervention for the development of BMD in daughter of mother with low BMD.