• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.631-636
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• 2008

Purpose: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells(ADSC) has an osteoconductive potential and demineralized bone matrix(DBM) is an osteoinductive material. A combination of DBM and ADSC wound probably create osteoinductive properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the combination of DBM and ADSC mixture on healing of rat calvarial defect. Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups(n=10) as 1) Control, 2) DBM alone, 3) DBM with ADSC mixture. DBM with ADSC mixture group has had a 3-day preculture of ADSC from groin fat pad. An 6 mm critical size circular calvarial defect was made in each rat. Defect was implanted with DBM alone or DBM with ADSC mixture. Control defect was left unfilled. 6 and 12 weeks after the implantation, the rats were sacrificed and the defects were evaluated by histomorphometric and radiographical studies. Results: Histomorphometric analysis revealed that DBM with ADSC mixture group showed significantly higher bone formation than DBM alone group(p<0.05). Although radiographs from DBM alone group and DBM with ADSC group revealed similar diffuse radiopaque spots dispersed throughout the defect. Densitometric analysis of calvarial defect revealed DBM with ADSC mixture group significantly higher bone formation than DBM alone(p<0.05). There was correlation of densitometry with new bone formation(Spearman's correlation of coefficient=0.804, 6 weeks, 0.802, 12 weeks). Conclusion: The DBM with ADSC mixture group showed the best healing response and the osteoinductive properties of DBM were accelerated with ADSC mixture. It will be clinically applicable that DBM and ADSC mixture in plastic and reconstructive surgery, such as alveolar cleft and congenital facial deformities that bone graft should be required.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$) grafted to the experimental tissue defect on tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: Male albino rabbits were used. Soft tissue defects were prepared in the external abdominal oblique muscle. The animals were then divided into 3 groups by the graft material used: no graft, autogenous dermis graft, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. The healing sites were histologically examined at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. In another series, critical sized defects with 8-mm diameter were prepared in the right and left iliac bones. The animals were then divided into 5 groups: no graft, grafted with autogenous iliac bone, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft impregnated with rhBMP-2, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhTGF-${\beta}1$. The healing sites of bone defect were investigated with radiologic densitometry and histological evaluation at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. Results: In the soft tissue defect, normal healing was seen in the group of no graft. Inflammatory cells and foreign body reactions were observed in the group of autogenous dermis graft, and the migration of fibroblasts and the formation of vessels into the collagen fibers were observed in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the bone defect, the site of bone defect was healed by fibrous tissues in the group of no graft. The marked radiopacity and good regeneration were seen in the group of autogenous bone graft. There remained the traces of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with no satisfactory results in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the groups of the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$, there were numerous osteoblasts in the boundary of the adjacent bone which was closely approximated to the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with regeneration features. However, the fibrous capsule also remained as in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, which separated the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ and the adjacent bone. Conclusions: These results suggest that $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ can be useful to substitute the autogenous dermis in the soft tissue defect. However, it may not be useful as a bone graft material or a carrier, since the bone defect was not completely healed by the bony tissue, regardless of the presence of osteogenic factors like rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 1999

Osteoporosis, which causes mainly fracture of the spine, proximal femur and distal radius by minimal trauma, is a major public health problem and its prevalence is steadily increasing in Korea according to the development of public health care. There are reliable methods for diagnosis based on bone densitometry. Early detection and intervention are important for reducing the incidence of fractures. A consensus definition of osteoporosis, based on bone density measurement, has been developed by the World Health Organization(WHO). In this study, bone mineral density(RMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) at the proximal femur and lumbar spine in 132 post-menopausal women. The purpose of this study is to find influential factors on the BMD of the proximal femur and the lumbar spine and to analyze correlation between BMD and the problematic factors. We obtained the following results : 1. Mean BMD score, T-score and Z-score of the proximal femur were $0.81(g/cm^2)$, -2.45(S.D.) and -2.09(S.D.) respectively and in the lumbar spine were $0.83(g/cm^2)$, -2.02(S.D.), -2.43(S.D.) respectively. 2. In correlation analysis between BMD and many factors, correlation coefficients were -0.467, 0.212, -0.321 and 0.241 in age, height, duration after menopause respectively. BMI and the residuals were comparatively small. 3. Correlation coefficients to age matched BMD, in height and body weight were 0.222 and 0.241, in age and duration after menopause were -0.268, -0.282. 4. The fracture threshold of proximal femur BMD to the 90th percentile was $0.845(g/cm^2)$. 5. At the result of multiple regression analysis, age, body weight, $BMI(kg/m^2)$ and duration after menopause described as significant variables.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.05
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• pp.19-22
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• 1995

A biomechanical study was made to demonstrate the superior mechanical performance of the newly designed Miniplate staple to the conventional Coventry staple in high tibial osteotomy(HTO). Using twenty fresh porcine tibiae, the fixational strengh of the two different types of staple in HTO was compared. To minimize the error due to the specimen-to-specimen individuality, the bone mineral density of the tibiae was measured with a bone densitometry (Dual photon absorptionometer, Luner, USA) and those with $0.8\;{\sim}\;1.2\;gm/cm^2$ at the proximal tibia was used in the biomechanical test. Testing was performed on a material testing system (Autogram ET-5, Shimatzu, Japan) with aid of a commercial data processor (IBM 80386/ ASYST). Using two differant loading modes, 'pull-out' and 'push-out', the maximum resistant force required to release the staple from the substrate bone was recorded. In the pull-out test, ten non-osteotomized specimens were used and the staple was pullout by subjecting an axial tension on the head of the staple inserted. While in the pull-out test where ten tibiae osteotomized in the usual way of HTO were used, the staple was not directly loaded. In this testing, as a mimic condition of the natural knee, the distal part of the specimen tibia was pushed horizontally in order for the staple to be pulled out while the proximal tibia was fixed. The pull-out strength of Coventry staple and miniplate staple were found to be $27.88\;{\pm}\;5.12\;kgf$ and $182.47\;{\pm}\;32.75\;kgf$, respectively. The push-out strength of Coventry staple and miniplate staple were $18.40\;{\pm}\;4.47\;kgf$ and $119.95\;{\pm}\;19.06\;kgf$, respectively. The result revealed that miniplate staple had the pull-out/ push-out strength at least fivetimes higher than Coventry staple. Based on the measured data, it was believed that the newly designed miniplate staple could provide much better postoperative fixation in HTO. The postoerative application of long leg casting may not be needed after HTO surgery.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.241-250
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• 2008

The interest in male osteoporosis is increasing as the incidence of osteoporotic fractures has increased not only in female but also in male due to the increase of old age population thanks to the development of medical science and science in general. Therefore, this study is to find factors related to bone mineral density of male older than 40 years old, to investigate the incidence of the male osteoporosis and to provide a basic result for prevention and medical treatment for the male osteoporosis. The incidence of the osteopenia and the osteoporosis at L-spine was 45% and 12.9% respectively and the incidence of them at femur was 51.9% and 7.63% respectively, among male older than 40 years old who took a medical examination. It was higher than the existing study results conducted to male older than 50 years old in USA and Europe. The incidence of them at both of L-spine and femur showed a significant difference depending the age groups. As the age increases, the average bone mineral density decreases at both of L-spine and femur. And as the weight increases and the body mass index is higher, the incidence of the osteoporosis decreases. There was no significant relation with the incidence of the osteoporosis depending on the exercise, the smoking and the drinking, but the number of exercise, smoking and drinking changes the quantity of bone and are factors influencing the bone mineral density of male person.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

Objectives: The objective of this study is to report the effectiveness of conservative treatment on pelvic fracture accompanied with osteoporosis. Methods: A female patient, 68 years old, who were diagnosed as right iliac wing fracture with osteoporosis by X-ray, bone scan and bone densitometry, were treated with conservative treatment. We evaluated the effectiveness by checking Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and 3D computed tomography. Results: The symptoms of the patient got improved and the 3D computed tomography image showed the fracture were healing. Conclusions: Conservative oriental treatment can be effectively used for a patient with iliac wing fracture and osteoporosis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2002

Fifty patients with lung mass were studied to evaluate the effect of reconstruction algorithm on the CT number of lung mass and normal thoracic tissues. In each examination, the CT image of the lung mass was reconstructed using soft, standard, detail and bone algorithm. The results were shown as follows 1. the average maximum difference of lung mass density on the ROIs using 4 different algorithms was less than 1HU. 2. The maximum difference in the degree of lung mass enhancement was respectively $0.1{\sim}3.2HU$ (ROI $0.5\;cm^2$), $0.1{\sim}2.8HU$(ROI $3\;cm^2$) and $0.0{\sim}2.1$(ROI $6\;cm^2$). 3. The mean density of the normal thoracic tissues was highest in the bone algorithm, though there was no significant between 4 different reconstruction algorithms(p = 1.00).

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2009

To evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers. We evaluated the BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spines of 998(male 568, female 430) persons who took a regular health screening in Woosuk University Hospital from September 2007 to March 2008 by dual energy bone mineral densitometry. Results of BMD are different in terms of biochemical markers. Especially aged people showed osteoporotic change progressively. Degree of osteoporosis increases with age. A steep decrease of BMD can be found in postmenopausal women who have low level of female hormone. More persistent effort is needed to find out the factors that can reduce BMD values for prevention of problems by osteoporosis. In essence, research on factors related to other biochemical markers must be studied continuously.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.542-547
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• 2009

In this in vivo study, correlations of lumbar and femoral bone mineral densities (BMDs) with calcaneal speed of sound (SOS) were investigated in 36 osteoporotic women. Areal BMDs of the L2-L4 lumbar spine and the right femoral neck were measured by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). SOS of the right calcaneus was measured by using ultrasound bone densitometry. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and level of significance (p) were used to evaluate the correlations between measurements. Lumbar BMD was highly correlated with femoral BMD (r=0.81). Lumbar and femoral BMDs exhibited similar comparable negative correlations with age (r=-0.52 and r=-0.55). A moderate negative correlation was found between calcaneal SOS and age (r=-0.45). Calcaneal SOS was significantly correlated with lumbar and femoral BMDs, with a higher correlation with femoral BMD rather than with lumbar BMD (r=0.54 and r=0.62). However, calcaneal SOS may not be an optimum index for the estimation of BMD of the most important fracture sites, such as the lumbar and the femur, because it showed lower correlations with lumbar and femoral BMDs compared to that with calcaneal BMD. Therefore, the development of a quantitative ultrasound technology for the direct measurement of acoustic properties at the lumbar and the femur is required to estimate BMD of these sites more accurately.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

As the demand for bone mineral density testing increases in Korea, which is close to an aging society, it is necessary to evaluate the repeatability of equipment such as femur phantom other than l-spine for more accurate diagnosis. However, in clinical practice, it is often not possible to proceed such evaluation due to insufficient quality control conditions. Therefore, this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the femur phantom after fabricating the same using 3D printing technology. The femur phantom was output using GlowFill filament and FDM 3D printing type. Each phantom was repeatedly scaned 20 times to compare whether the existing l-spine phantom and the fabricated femur phantom were suitable as a phantom for quality control. Each time the seven researchers took three times, the location of the femur phantom was readjusted, and then scanned to confirm the error between the researchers. As a result of conducting repeatability evaluation using femur phantom, the coefficient of variation rate was 2%, which was within the minimum precision tolerance of 2.5%. The reproducibility between the researcher was also found to be suitable as the average coefficient of variation was 0.031 and the coefficient of variation rate was 3.1%, which was within the minimum precision error range of 5%. In conclusion, it is considered that the prospective attitude and usefulness of the femur phantom fabricated by 3D printing in clinical practice will be sufficient.