• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2011

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) a dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg with bioactivities in bone metabolism is one of the most famous tonic traditional medicines in China, Japan and Korea.To observe the anti-osteoporotic effect of PMR, we observed the effects on proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of primary osteoblasts, bone nodule formation, pit formation of osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. As the result of that, although PMR extracts have no meaningful changes on the the proliferation of primary osteoblasts, significant (p < 0.01) increases of ALP acitivity of osteoblasts were dose-dependently observed in all PMR extracts treated groups tested compared to that of vehicle control. It means that it enhanced the differentiation (ALP activity) and bone nodule formation of osteoblast. In addition, PMR extracts dose-dependently inhibits the pit formation and the number of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells (OCLs), osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Therefore these results show the possibility of PMR extracts as another anti-osteoporotic agents.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.865-872
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• 2014

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a long-term adverse effect of chemotherapy treatment. However, current available treatment regimens are not optimal. Emerging evidence suggests that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could restore the structure and function of injured tissues, but the homing and restorative effects of BMSCs on chemotherapy injured ovaries are still not clear. In this study, we found that granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis induced by cisplatin was reduced when BMSCs were migrated to granulosa cells (GCs) in vitro. Chemotherapy-induced POF was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin in rats. BMSCs labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were injected into the rats via the tail vein to investigate the homing and distribution of BMSCs in vivo. The number of BMSCs in the ovarian hilum and medulla was greater than in the cortex, but no BMSCs were found in the follicles and corpus lutea. In addition, the BMSCs treatment group's antral follicle count and estradiol levels increased after 30 days, compared with the POF group. Hence, our study demonstrates that intravenously delivered BMSCs can home to the ovaries, and restore its structure and function in POF model rats.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.210-225
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• 2018

Objective : This research is aimed to compare the three sets of Dongin(K-1, K-2, K-3) to Chosun and Chinese acupuncture bronze men, and through literature review of acupuncture points and meridians to see how acupuncture of Chosun affected the Japan's acupuncture bronze men. Methods : Using 3D scanning, we compared the location of acupoints by the proportional bone measurement method of the three sets of Dongin to those of Chosun and China. We also compared the meridians and acupuncture points of the three sets of Dongin to Doningyosodo. Results : Dongin K-1 and K-2 have all the unique characteristics of ChimGuemDongIn. Their heads were made about 30% larger than the location of points by the proportional bone measurement method and their necks were shortened to get the right proportion. Their gender was not specified. Their hands were sticking forward, and knees were slightly bent, and the arms and legs were carefully crafted to record acupuncture points. Dongin K-1 and K-2 marked the meridians and acupuncture points according to Doningyosodo. In particular, BL39 in Dongin K-1 and K-2 has been marked as in ChimGeumDongIn, which is considered to have come from DongUiBoGam. These characteristics do not exist in Chinese acupuncture bronze men. The location of points by the proportional bone measurement method was marked on the right side of the Dongin K-3, while the eight extra meridians were marked on the left side. Conclusions : In summary, Dongin K-1 and K-2 indicate the Japanese history of acupuncture which may have influenced from Chosun.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.965-978
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• 2014

To determine the parameters to be considered when designing lower-body apparel, we analyzed the lower-body figures of adult women in their early 20s from Shanghai, China, using 3-dimensional whole body scanner. Thirty-nine lower-body-related measurements were used to analyze the figures of 210 Chinese women. Obesity and height of the lower body, length from waist to crotch, shape of abdomen, and leg bone length were analyzed. Factor analysis was performed and the results were classified into three clusters. The first cluster describes the obesity of the lower body, the second denotes small hip measurement, and the third describes slim and long legs. This is the first study to quantify figure analysis of the lower body of Chinese women using 3-dimensional body measurements. The findings of this study will provide concrete information regarding crotch width, crotch length, inseam, outseam, waist slope, etc., for designing trouser patterns for Chinese adult women.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2007

Swollen and painful extremities have been treated with herbal baths in attempts to alleviate the symptoms. A popular herbal bath used in China, contains a component called 'bone-penetrating herb' which is believed to facilitate the penetration of herbal substances across the skin to the swollen site, so swollen site, so that pain and swelling will be improved. A search from the Chinese pharmacopedia revealed that 22 different herbs have been traditionally used as 'bone-penetrating herb'. Five of these herbs were available in market and were chosen for experimental studies. Standard diffusion experiments were done to identify the most effective herb among the five, in the penetration facilitation. Glechoma longituba at a concentration of 20% was found to give the best results in the facilitation of Bromophenol blue diffusion across artificial and biological membranes. When compared with one commonly used diffusion facilitator, viz. azone, azone was found to be more effective than glechoma longituba. The encouraging observations support future studies on the basic science behind the use of herbal components as topical agents to treat pain and swelling.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 2002

Objective : We conducted this study to analyze some of the trends of treatments from the recent Chinese medical journals and contribute them to the oriental medical experiments and clinical research for the future. Methods : By referring to the Chinese medical journals that were published in China from 1999 to March, 2002, we analyzed the effective rates on frequency, methods, medical treatment, and diseases. Result : The average effective rate was 90.93%, which was very high. Lately, there have been no big changes in the methods of treatment. The methods of coordinating stomach-Qi, supplying Yin element, replenishing bone marrow, tonifying essence of life, and removing blood stasis are used by means of reinforcing Qi, producing blood, tonilying spleen, and replenishing the kidney. Conclusions : The decreased in bone marrow and leucopenia, and the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were more effectively treated when we used Korean oriental medical treatments. In addition, more Korean oriental medical experiments and clinical studies are needed in Korea, in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify and to classify the names of costume colors of women of Silla. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; Until now scholars and researchers interpreted nine colors in Sam Guk Sa Ki as nine colors explained in the dictionaries. However, term, nine colors in the contexts did not refer to the literary meaning of nine colors such as blue, red, yellow, white, black, green, purple, pink, and navy blue as explained in the dictionaries. 'Nine colors' of Silla were women's costume colors which were specified in the royal edict in the texts. Thus, 'nine colors' of Silla had a specific meaning rather than literary meaning. 'Nine colors' of Silla women's costume were identified as red( ), yellow(黃), purple(紫), purplish pink(紫粉), gold powder(金屑), pink(紅), yellow powder(黃屑), dark pink(緋) and dark purple(滅紫). These 'nine colors' were actually prohibited colors in women's costume in the royal edict. Women from true bone, the highest class, were prohibited the use of tow colors of red and yellow out of nine colors. While women from four du pum and common class were forbidden the use of nine colors out of total of nine colors. Kinds and numbers of colors of costume were used as a means of differentiating the social class and rank of women in Silla. Also it was found that women of Silla favored red purple, pink tones and yellow color in their costume and these colors were fashionable colors among women of Silla. These fashionable costume colors of Silla women seems to be influenced by fashions of women of T'ang dynasty of China. Red, purple, pink, yellow and green were favorite colors of women of T'ang dynasty of China.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.109-124
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• 2018

This study focused on the accessory of clothes of minority groups in Yunnan province to further the research about specific accessories' development in the future. Among the minorities in Yunnan, this study centralized characteristics of ornaments, hats and belts among five minority groups such as the Bai, Zhuang, Hani, Dai, and the Zang as representatives to study in detail because these five ethnicities have a relatively long history and plentiful information. The results are as follows: First, exaggeration means large gorgeous patterns that attract attention. Generally, there are many natural resources that can be used in places where these minority groups live such as gems, gold, silver shells and animals' horns, bone, teeth and the like. Headdress includes combs, loops, hairpins and other similar articles. Second, nature is a very fundamental part that people rely on for existence and development. The production and living that people need in life all depend on nature. The design of accessories is made from animal forms and patterns of clothes are presented through embroidery and wax printing. Designers always tried to add natural elements to their works. Third, symbolism consists of two aspects: One is the people's imagination, which related to actual materials, and the other is the product of imagination that provides better conditions to inspire people when they design. In China, most minority groups believe in Buddhism. The symbols in the clothing show their devout faith. Even the method of wear has many special implications like the use of accessories and length of clothing. The pattern of dragons and use of golden, red and other colors all have a proper symbolic significance in modern designs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.745-751
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• 2013

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds have been used in Korea and China for promoting bone formation and protection. This study was designed to examine the Nrf-2 mediated anti-oxidative effects of Korean and Chinese safflower seeds. Water and ethanol extracts of safflower seeds were treated to RAW 264.7 cells. Nrf-2 transcriptional activity was measured by reporter gene assay and western blot analysis. Semi-quantitive RT-PCR analysis was adopted to measure Nrf-2 dependent gene expressions. Water extracts of safflower seeds have strongly induced the activation of Nrf-2 transcription than ethanol extracts. Especially, water extracts of Korean safflower seeds has more strongly increased the expression of nuclear Nrf-2. Water extracts of Korea and China safflower seeds have also increased the expression of Nrf-2-dependent genes such as GCLC, NQO-1 and HO-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. However, all kinds of safflower seeds extracts did not increase intracellular ROS production. These results demonstrate that the antioxidant effects of safflower seeds are not related with ROS production, rather it is mediated by the direct activation of Nrf-2.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the end results between the surgical treatment with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in Korea and non-invasive high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technique in China for osteogenic sarcomas. Materials and Methods: The surgical treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for total 67 cases (4 IIA, 58 IIB, and 5 III) in Korea since 1993 and the HIFU therapy for total 71 cases (57 II and 14 III) in China since 1997 was performed. In Korea, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in 66 cases out of total 67 patients, but the adjuvant chemotherapy in only one case was done. On the contrary, in China, full chemotherapy for more than 9 times for 37 patients with stage II out of total 71 cases, but for less than 8 times of partial chemotherapy for 23 patients (stage II) and 14 patients (stage III) was done. The surgical treatment in total 67 Korean patients was done with wide resection and reconstruction for 56 patients, but wide resection without reconstruction for 5 patients and amputation for 6 patients. In china, total 71 patients was treated with average 1.5 times (1~4 times) of HIFU, and if there are some evidences of residual tumor after HIFU with following MRI, the second HIFU therapy was given 2~4 weeks later. After then, the bony defect was in no touch, keep bracing for long time expecting regeneration. All of them were followed for average 46 Mo (12~150 Mo) in Korea, but followed for average 22 Mo (9 years~8 months) in China. Results: The 5 year survival rate (stage II), was average 92.7% (IIA 100%, IIB 85.5%) in Korea series, and average 78.7% (full chemotherapy 91.8%, part chemotherapy 56.6%) in China series. The 3 year survival rate (stage III) was 20% in Korea and 7.1% in China. So, the final overall survival rate was 65.2% in Korea and 51.8% in China. The overall functional outcome score by ISOLS was 24.3 (81%) in Korea and 19.8 (73%) in China. There are 25.4% (17/67 cases) of complications in Korea and 31% (27 complications in 22 patients out of total 71 cases) in China after each treatment. Conclusions: The end results of Korea series which was treated with neoadjuvant chemo- and surgical methods are better than that of non-invasive thermal ablation in china. But we also believe the HIFU, as one of, was also effective to decrease the local recurrence and symptomatic releaf for stage II or even in III of osteogenic sarcomas.