• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2002

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, involves the destabilization of the normal balance between the degradation and the synthesis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone within a joint. As articular cartilage degrades over time, its smooth surface roughens and bone-against-bone contact ensues, producing the inflammation response symptomatic of this 'wear and tear' disease. Although a variety of genetic, developmental, metabolic, and traumatic factors may initiate the development of osteoarthritis, its symptoms (joint pain, stiffness, and curtailed function) typically evolve slowly, and patients experience periods of relative calm alternation with episodes of inflammation and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic synovitis and cartilage destruction, affect 1% of the total population. Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue in which the chondrocytes occupy only 5% of the volume. Cartilage is particularly rich in extracellular matrix, with matrix making up 90% of the dry weight of the tissue chondrocytes have cell processes that extend a short distance into the matrix, but do not touch other cells thus in cartilage, cell-matrix interactions are essential for the maintenance of the extracellular matrix. In this study, subtractive hybridization method was utilized to detect genes differentially expressed in chondrocytes treated with methylprednisolone. We have isolated 57 genes that expressed differentially in the chondreocytes by methylprednisolone. 13 clones of them were analyzed with sequencing and their homologies were searched. 8 cDNAS included KIAA 0368, upregulated during skeletal muscle growth 5 (usmg 5), ribosomal protein S 18 (RPS 18), skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor, radial spoke protein 3 (RSP 3), ribosomal protein QM, ribosomal protein L37a (RPL37A), cytochrome coxidase subunit VIII (COX8).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.342-344
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• 2020

Bacterial osteomyelitis-or bacterial infection of the bone-is common in reptiles. Unfortunately, its treatment is challenging despite advances in diagnostic and medical technologies. Herein, we present the case of a sexually mature female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) with left forelimb elbow joint stiffness. We diagnosed the reptile with a eft elbow joint traumatic structural abnormality based on gross examination and evaluation of radiographs. Treatment with clindamycin and cephalexin for bacterial infection failed and the reptile died. Necropsy revealed the causative bacteria as Morganella morganii. Treatment of osteomyelitis is typically focused against Staphylococcus aureus as it the most common cause of traumatic bone infection. However, M. morganii, the causative bacterium in this case, has a natural resistance to clindamycin and cephalexin. Recently, these bacteria have begun to appear in clinical reports, more commonly as the causative organisms of bone infections. M. morganii should be considered as a potential cause of infection. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment in such cases should be based on bacterial culture and susceptibility tests.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.233-239
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• 2011

In this study, the characteristics of herringbone grooved air thrust berings are studied. It is shown that a generalized coordinate transformation method which was developed for handling complex geometry such as herring bone groove journal bearings is well applied to herringbone grooved air thrust bearings. The load carrying capacity and stiffness and damping coefficients are calculated according to the design parameters like groove depth or the number of grooves and compared to that of plain air journal bearings.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.746-750
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• 2007

Vertebroplasty has drawn much attention as a medical treatment for the compression fracture of spine, which strengthens the vertebral body and corrects deformity, and relieves pain in patients by injecting bone cement. However vertebroplasty can cause fracture on adjacent vertebra due to relative stiffness change. This study involves the biomechanical evaluation of the vertebroplasty especially on adjacent vertebral body. The finite element method has been employed to analyze the patient who was treated vertebroplasty under static and dynamic loading. For this study, a three-dimentioal model of the three-level ligamentous lumbar segment ($L1{\sim}L3$)is created from medical image data (CT)and compared with the experimental results in vitro.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.559-566
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• 2000

Methodology for finite element analysis of vertebral column and pedicle screw system, which circumvents the tremendous difficulties in geometric, material, and structural modeling, is proposed. The simplification is focused on the modeling of the cancellous bone in vertebral body the intervertebral disc. and the instrumented internal fixation devices. Each proposed modeling technique is justified to result in reasonable accuracy. These methods are believed to be suitable for the development of pedicle screw systems, not only because modeling itself is much simpler. but also because reliable empirical data for disc stiffness may be incorporated with little additional effort, and presumably frequent design change may be easily reflected on the analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.7-13
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• 2001

Arthritis may be broadly classified as degenerative - related to defects in cartilage and other joint constituents, often age-associated - or inflammatory disease. Inflammatory arthritis called as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy and characterized by a destructive arthritis. RA encompasses infectious arthritis, arthritis caused by intra-articular deposits of crystalline material (gout), syndromes associated with genetic defects (familial Mediterranean fever), and the immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathy. Degenerative arthritis called as osteoarthritis (OA), which is most frequently occurring, causes degenerative figures of knee, waist and knuckle, and accompanies severe pain around the cartilage. Also, it may cause morning stiffness, gelling effect, tenderness, bone swelling, crepitus, and motion disorders.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.45.2-45.2
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• 2010

Possessing of carbon nanotubes in biopolymer intrigued much interest due to their mechanical and unique nanoscale surface properties. Surface stiffness can be controlled by the amount of carbon nanotubes in polymer and surface wettability can be altered by the order of nanoscale surface roughness. Protein adsorption mechanism on nanostructured carbon nanotube/polymer thin film will be discussed in this study. In addition, we identified that mechanical stimuli also contribute the messenchymal stem cell and bone cell interactions. Importantly, live cell analysis system also showed altered morphology and cellular functions. Thus, embedding of carbon nanostructures simultaneously contribute to protein adsorption and cellular interactions. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the evidence that nanoscale surface features determine the subsequent biological interactions, such as protein adsorption and cellular interactions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.64-66
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• 2008

A castrated male, 9-year-old Yorkshire terrier was presented with a depression and bilateral hind limbs lameness. On physical examinations, upper motor neuron signs and stiffness of the hind limbs, back pain and progressive paresis were identified. Marked periosteal new bone formations and lysis include the first lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, bilateral iliums acetabulums and bilateral femoral heads were observed in survey radiographs. After death with septicemia suspected, renal infarction and the 5th vertebral osteomyelitis include pelvic periostitis were diagnosed in histological examination.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.189-192
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• 2009

Although the articular cartilage is only a few milimiters thick, it has surprising stiffness to compression, exceptional ability to distribute load minimizing peak stress on subchondral bone and great durability. In many instances, it help to preserve normal joint function for more than 80 years. Varying in thickness, cell density, matrix composition, mechanical properties even within the same joint, it provides low-friction and pain free-motion. However, it lacks a blood or lymphatic supply and neurological elements are absent. It shows limited healing potential because of poor regenerative capacity.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.171-182
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• 2004

This study investigates the biomechanical efficacies of vertebroplasty which is used to treat vertebral body fracture with bone cement augmentation for osteoporotic patients using image and finite element analysis. Simulated models were divided into two groups: (a) a vertebral body, (b) a functional spinal unit(FSU). For a vertebral body model, the maximum axial displacement was investigated under axial compression to evaluate the effect of structural integrity. The stiffness of each FE model simulated was normalized by the stiffness of intact model. In the case of FSU model, 3 types of compression fractures were formulated to assess the influence on spinal curvature changes. The FSU models were loaded under compressive pressure to calculate the change of spinal curvature. The results according to the various factors suggest that vertebroplasty has the biomechanical efficacy of the increment of structural reinforcement in a patient who has relatively high level of BMD and a patient with the amount of 15％, PMMA injection of the cancellous bone volume. The spinal curvatures after compression fracture simulation vary from 9$^{\circ}$ to 17$^{\circ}$ of kyphosis compared to that the spinal curvature of normal model was -2.8$^{\circ}$ of lordosis. These spinal curvature changes cause the severe spinal deformity under the same loading. As the degree of compressive fracture increases the spinal deformity also increases. The results indicate that vertebroplasty has the increasing effect of the structural integrity regardless of the amount of PMMA or BMD and the restoration of decreased vertebral body height may be an important factor when the compressive fracture caused the significant height loss of vertebral body.