• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2012

While much has been learned about the mechanisms of metastatic spread of cancer to bone, there has been little headway in establishing guidelines for monitoring the alteration in bone quality and estimating fracture risk. The aims of this study are, therefore, 1) to evaluate bone quality induced by metastatic bone tumor by analyzing the characteristics on bone microarchitecture and degree of bone mineralization and 2) analyze fracture risk increased secondary to the bone quality changes by metastatic bone tumor through calculating mechanical rigidities based on in-vivo micro CT images. For this study, eighteen female SD rats (12 weeks old, approximate 250 g) were randomly allocated in Sham and Tumor groups. W256 (Walker carcinosarcoma 256 malignant breast cancer cell) was inoculated in the right femur (intraosseous injection) in Tumor group, while 0.9% NaCl (saline solution) was injected in Sham group. The right hind limbs of all rats were scanned by in-vivo micro-CT to acquire structural parameters and degree of bone mineralization at 0 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery. At the same time, urine was collected by metabolic cages for a biochemical marker test in order to evaluate bone resorption. Then, bone metastasis had been directly identified by positron emission tomography. Finally, axial, bending and torsional rigidities had been calculated based on in-vivo micro CT images for predict fracture risk. The results of this study showed that metastatic bone tumor might induce significant decrease in bone quality and increase of fracture risk. This study may be helpful to monitoring a degree of bone metastasis and predicting fracture risk due to metastatic bone tumor. In addition, this noninvasive diagnostic methodology may be utilized for evaluating other bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 1997

Abnormal intraosseous flow and pressure in trabecular bone could cause various pathological conditions such as osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis. Characteristics of intraosseous fluid flow and pressure generation in porous trabecular bone can be significantly affected by the permeability. Factors which determine the permeability could be the porosity and apparent density of trabecular bone. However, there is little data on the permeability and the relationship among the permeability. porosity, and apparent density of trabecular bone. In this study. the permeability. porosity, and apparent density of human lumbar vertebral trabecular bone were experimentally measured. Also, a power relationship among the permeability, porosity, and apparent density was investigated to understand effects of the porosity and apparent density variations on the permeability of trabecular bone based on Kozeny-Carman equation. A near linear relationship between intraosseous fluid flow and time indicated that the fluid phase flowed through the pores in trabecular bone is governed by the permeability. The permeability of trybecular bone was found to have a significant power relationship with the porosity and apparent density (r: 0.84 and $\textit{p}$< 0.0005). The power relationship could be useful to determine the permeability of trybecular bone after measuring the apparent density and porosity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.153-174
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• 2021

Dental implants are popular for dental rehabilitation after tooth loss. The goal of this systematic review was to assess bone changes around bone-level and tissue-level implants and the possible causes. Electronic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, and a hand search limited to English language clinical trials were performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines up to September 2020. Studies that stated the type of implants used, and that reported bone-level changes after insertion met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was also evaluated. A total of 38 studies were included. Eighteen studies only used bone-level implants, 10 utilized tissue-level designs and 10 observed bone-level changes in both types of implants. Based on bias assessments, evaluating the risk of bias was not applicable in most studies. There are vast differences in methodologies, follow-ups, and multifactorial characteristics of bone loss around implants, which makes direct comparison impossible. Therefore, further well-structured studies are needed.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2018

Developmental aspects of chicken embryos showed dramatic difference compared with those of mammals and consequently, such difference in various developmental events leads to different feasibility in both clinical and industrial application. We have concentrated on the studies for using of chicken bone marrow cells and currently we found number of unique cellular properties. Through this article, we reviewed characteristics and cell signaling of osteogenic cells during endochondral ossification in chicken long bone.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.119-133
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory and physicochemical properties of brown sauce made with different kind of bone(beef bone, pork bone). For this purpose, the various methods and recipe of brown sauce appeared in the literatures were evaluated to select the most preferable brown sauce. Brown sauces made with pork bone, beef and pork bone showed negative value in the "a" value (redness). Viscosity of brown sauce made with pork bone was the highest as well as the brown stock. The sensory tests of brown sauce showed no significant difference between each groups except flavor at p<0.001.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density and remaining teeth in Korean adults. Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) 5th Year 1(2010), 1,985 adults over 50 years old having bone mineral density test were selected. Male adults were 883, and female adults were 1,102. The raw data consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, bone density data, and oral examination data. The questionnaire consisted of general health survey, laboratory examination study, and nutrition study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for multiple regression analysis, ANOVA, t-test. The variables included general characteristics of the subjects, health behavior, diet habit, and oral health behavior. General characteristics consisted of gender, age, residence area, education level, marital status, monthly income, and vocation. Health behavior consisted of smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index(BMI), physical activity, and mental health. Diet habit consisted of frequency of meal, milk, coffee, and calcium ingestion. Oral health behavior consisted of frequency of tooth brushing, use of oral health care devices, and oral examination. Systemic diseases were measured by the questionnaire for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Bone density was measured in T-score of femoral bone, neck of femur, and lumbar vertebrae. Bone density was classified into normal($T-score{\geq}-1.0$), osteopenia(-2.5 < T-score < -1.0), and osteoporosis ($T-score{\leq}-2.5$). The remaining teeth were measured by the differences between normal teeth and missing teeth. Results: Smoking and age are the most influencing factors on the number of remaining teeth and bone density(p<0.01)(p<0.05). Those who had higher bone density, younger age, and nonsmoker significantly had more remaining teeth. Those who were men, diabetic, lowly educated women, and low birth weighted persons tended to have less number of teeth(p<0.01). Conclusions: The study suggested that there were significant differences between men and women according to the oral health management behavior and systemic disease control. Proper management of the oral health and good quality of bone mineral density can reserve the remaining teeth through the whole life.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2011

The influx of Western culture and the food culture have altered the tableware of Korea, increasing the amount of using tableware. The representative tableware is known as bone china. Considering not only the amount of bone china waste generated from broken tableware at homes and but also faulty bone china products at factories, the bone china waste disposed in simple landfills is to be a serious environmental problem to solve. In this study, following "the research on development of ceramics body using waste celadon" of which the possibility was confirmed, development of ceramics body is conducted by recycling waste bone china. From the result of the study, it was understood that maximum addition of waste bone china was 20% of the whole material on the basis of measurement of plasticity. So 20% of pulverized bone china was added and the characteristics were evaluated, and the result was that porosity, water absorptivity and plasticity were 0.756%, 0.339% and 24.13%, respectively. Bending strength was $672\;kgf/cm^2$, which showed a good sintering condition. Therefore, it was considered that waste bone china could be utilized for development of new porcelain material.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

[Purpose] This study compared differences in trabecular bone architecture and strength caused by jump and running exercises in rats. [Methods] Ten-week-old male Wistar rats (n=45) were randomly assigned to three body weight-matched groups: a sedentary control group (CON, n=15); a treadmill running group (RUN, n=15); and a jump exercise group (JUM, n=15). Treadmill running was performed at 25 m/min without inclination, 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The jump exercise protocol comprised 10 jumps/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks, with a jump height of 40 cm. We used microcomputed tomography to assess microarchitecture, mineralization density, and fracture load as predicted by finite element analysis (FEA) at the distal femoral metaphysis. [Results] Both jump and running exercises produced significantly higher trabecular bone mass, thickness, number, and fracture load compared to the sedentary control group. The jump and running exercises, however, showed different results in terms of the structural characteristics of trabecular bone. Jump exercises enhanced trabecular bone mass by thickening the trabeculae, while running exercises did so by increasing the trabecular number. FEA-estimated fracture load did not differ significantly between the exercise groups. [Conclusion] This study elucidated the differential effects of jump and running exercise on trabecular bone architecture in rats. The different structural changes in the trabecular bone, however, had no significant impact on trabecular bone strength.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.334-337
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• 2002

The paper presents noise and vibration characteristics of three kinds of pipe materials (PVC pipe, cast-iron pipe and newly developed pp pipe). In order to measure structure bone noise, impact force using small balls was applied to earth pipe. It was confirmed that structure bone noise can be reduced by more large damping materials. Also, transmission loss of pipes depending on the frequency ranges was investigated by using sound source through speakers.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2006

닭뼈 첨가에 따른 브라운 소스의 pH, 점도, 탁도, 색도와 관능검사를 실시하였다. 닭뼈가 증가함에 따라 pH는 5.11에서 5.72로 증가하여(p<0.05) 부패 세균의 최적 발육범위인 $6.8{\sim}7.0$보다 낮았다. 닭뼈의 양이 증가할수록 점도가 증가하여(p<0.05) 닭뼈의 양을 조절함으로써 원하는 점도를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 닭뼈의 비율이 높을수록 탁도가 탁하게 나타나 닭뼈가 소뼈보다 불투명한 용출성분이 많은 것으로 여겨진다. 닭뼈 함량이 증가함에 따라 Hunter's color "L" 값은 감소하였고 "a" 와 "b" 값은 증가하였다(p<0.05). 점도를 제외하고 색상, 향, 맛과 전체적인 평가는 소뼈의 양이 증가할수록 좋게 나타났지만(p<0.05) 닭뼈 : 소뼈 비율이 0.0 : 10.0과 2.5 : 7.5인 시료에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 닭뼈와 소뼈를 2.5 : 7.5 비율로 제조한 소스는 관능적 성질 저하 없이 브라운 소스 제조가 가능하리라 여겨진다. 브라운 소스 제조에 닭뼈의 양을 조절하여 제조한다면 소뼈만을 사용한 소스와 비교하여 품질 저하 없는 소스 제조가 가능하리라 사료된다.