• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2012

This study compared the differences between the Dendranthema boreale and Dendranthema indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure in Korea. More D. boreale distributed than D. indicum to in the place where high elevation and on the surface of low degree slope. Both D. boreale and D. indicum growed well in south-east direction of the slope. The soil pH of D. boreale and D. indicum was 6.1 and 7.1, respectively. Ca, Mg, Na and organic matter content of the soil of D. boreale habitat was significantly lower than that of the D. indicum habitat. There were 102 and 88 taxa, in D. boreale and D. indicum habitat, respectively. Both species generally distributed along with herbs than along with trees. The important species found in D. boreale habitat were Artemisia princeps (57.1%) and Humulus japonicus (33.3%), and the D. indicum habitat were Miscanthus sinensis (42.9%) and Lonicera japonica (38.1%). The D. boreale group was classified into Artemisia princeps, Crepidiastrum denticulatum, Miscanthus sinensis, Humulus japonicus, Pueraria lobata, Lespedeza bicolor, Lonicera japonica and Rubus crataegifolius community. The D. indicum group was classified into Artemisia capillaris, Peucedanum japonicum, Boehmeria pannosa, Pinus thunbergii, Lonicera japonica, Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia community. There is a large difference bewteen D. boreale and D. indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.810-819
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to produce muffins with added dukeum ramie leaf powder and to compare them to a control. We used two different optimal composition ratios to produce muffins. The physical and sensory characters were varied by changing the ratio of dukeum ramie leaf powder, butter, and sugar to identify a critical value using response surface regression analysis. The ranges for the added dukeum ramie leaf powder, sugar, and butter were 15-35, 60-100, and 60-100 g, respectively. Muffins with added dukeum ramie leaves had comparable mineral and antioxidant vitamin compositions to those of dried ramie leaves. Muffins with added dukeum ramie leaf powder satisfied the suitability of the model, showing a p-value within 5% of significance level (p<0.05) for every aspect Volume and height differed without any association to ingredients. Lightness increased when less dukeum ramie leaf powder was added with more butter and sugar, redness increased when more dukeum ramie leaf powder and sugar were added with 70-80 g of butter, whereas yellowness increased when less dukeum ramie powder was added. Texture and toughness increased when less dukeum ramie leaf powder was added. The degree of gumminess and chewiness depended hugely on the amount of sugar. Cohesiveness, decreased with more dukeum ramie leaf powder and butter, whereas hardness increased with a medium range of ingredients. Sensory character increased with less dukeum ramie powder, and overall quality increased with more butter and sugar, but depended on the amount of added dukeum ramie power. The critical values from the sensory characteristics showed that 27 g of dukeum ramie powder, 72 g of sugar, and 86 g of butter was optimum.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ramie (Boehmeria nivea) leaf powder on improvements in lipid metabolism in serum, liver and adipose tissue, and the anti-obesity effect in rats fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet for 4 weeks to induce a hyperlipidemic and obese model rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 210 g were divided into four groups; a normal diet group (N), a high fat/high cholesterol diet group (HFC), a high fat/high cholesterol diet with 5% ramie leaf powder group (HFC-RL), and a high fat/high cholesterol diet with 10% ramie leaf powder group (HFC-RH). The body weight gain increased with a high fat/high cholesterol diet, but gradually decreased in the ramie leaf powder fed groups compared with the HFC group. The liver index in the HFC group was highest among the four groups, although the difference was not significant compared with the ramie leaf powder fed groups. The adipose tissues weight in the HFC group was heavier than that of the N group, whereas those of groups fed ramie leaf powder decreased gradually. Alkaline phosphatase activity was not different between the HFC groups, but serum alkaline aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities decreased significantly after ramie leaf powder feeding. Levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index and cardiac risk factors tended to decrease in the ramie leaf powder fed groups compared with the HFC group, whereas serum HDL-cholesterol level decreased in the HFC group and markedly increased in the ramie leaf powder fed groups. Levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in the ramie leaf powder fed groups than in the HFC group. Levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in adipose tissues were also lower in the ramie leaves powder fed groups than in the HFC group. The activities of heparinreleasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and total-extractable LPL in adipose tissues increased in the HFC group compared to that of the N group, but those of the ramie leaf powder fed groups decreased significantly. These results suggest that ramie leaf powder may improve lipid metabolism in serum, liver and adipose tissue and potentially reduce lipid storage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.285-301
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• 2005

This study was conducted to prepare systematic and efficient measures for nature conservation and management in Beomseom Island, and to clarify characteristics of distribution of plant resources in southernmost islands of Korean peninsula. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 164 taxa included 6 families, 13 genera, and 15 species in pteridophyta, 1 family, 1 genus, and 1 species in coniferophyta, and 59 families, 126 genera, 146 species, and 2 varieties in endospermae composed of 49 families, 97 genera, 114 species, and 1 variety in dicotyledonae and 10 families, 29 genera, 32 species, and 1 variety monocotyledonae. Unrecorded taxa of the flora of Beomseom Island were 19 taxa included 4 taxa of pteridophyta, i.e. Hypolepis punctata, Cyrtomium fortunei, Dryopteris pacifica, and Thelypteris granduligera, 6 taxa of monocotyledonae, i.e. Setaria viridis, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus triangulatus, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Dioscorea nipponica, and 9 taxa of dicotyledonae, i.e. Alnus firma, Boehmeria Platanifolia, Aconogonum ajanense, Phytolacca americana, Melandryum oldhamianum var. roseum, Vitis flexuosa, Clerodendron trichotomum, Elaeagnus glabra, and Siegesbeckia glabrescens. The two rare species, Osmanthus insularis that distributed only Jeju-do and Geomoondo Island and Orostachys iwarenge that distributed only southern parts of Jeju-do in Korea were investigated. The numbers of naturalized plants were 20 families, 33 genera, 34 species, and 1 variety.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.370-378
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• 2011

To address infra-specific relationships of Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch., and to provide the fundamental information for developing new horticultural variations, we analyzed the morphology of individuals in four natural populations (Mt. Gwangdeok, Mt. Samyeong, Mt. Yonghwa, Tongyeong) and investigated the vegetations of these area. Based on 50 morphological characters the principle component analysis (PCA) has been performed. Principle component axis 1, 2, and 3 explain 22.9%, 14.2%, and 7.4% of total variations, respectively. Dot plot of OTUs in PC2 by PC1 area showed that the areas of four populations are completely overlapped. The result of PCA and the statistics of each character indicate that all of morphological characters are overlapped in these four populations. The maximum deviations are found in the characters related in the size and shape of the leaf. In the vegetation analyses, eighteen community plots that we investigated were grouped into 10 subcommunities: subcomm. Boehmeria spicata, subcomm. Artemisia stolonifera, subcomm. Artemisia keiskeana, subcomm. Impatiens nolitangere, subcomm. Crepidiastrum chelidoniifolium, subcomm. Urtica thunbergiana, subcomm. Artemisia gmelini, subcomm. Commelina communis, subcomm. Erigeron annuus-Artemisia princeps, and typical subcommunity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.603-610
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• 1993

Effects of pine tree(Pinus densiflora) endodermis or china grass leaves(Boehmeria nipponivea) on textural or sensory quality of rice cake were investigated. Rice cakes prepared with the addition of pine tree endodermis or china grass leaves were not remarkably decreased in moisture content during storage. Degree of gelatinization was shown the highest value in the samples 17.28% of pine tree endodermis or china grass leaves added. As a result of the sensory evaluation for the rice cakes, consistency, moistness and cohesiveness were gradually improved with the increase of pine tree endodermis or china grass leaves addition amount. The overall quality was most preferable in the rice cakes prepared with 17.28% of pine tree endodermis or china grass leaves. The detrimental changes were occured in textural quality of the all rice cake samples during storage. Textural quality of rice cakes was higher in pine tree endodermis or china grass leaves addition samples than that of control group. In the texturometer test, hardeness and chewiness decreased in pine tree endodermis or china grass leaves addition samples where as gumminess increased these samples compare to control group.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.841-848
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• 2012

Response surface methodology was applied to the processing conditions to investigate the physicochemical properties of ramie porridge. In the processing conditions based on the central composite design with the addition of ramie leaf powder (0-4 g) and water (700-1100 g), the coefficients of determination (R2) of the models were above 0.9141 for the physicochemical properties, above 0.7627 for the Hunter color parameters, and above 0.8975 for the rheological properties. The soluble solid content, viscosity, and gumminess of the sample decreased significantly with an increase in the water added, whereas the spreadability and adhesiveness increased significantly. The Hunter color L value of the sample decreased significantly with an increase in the amount of ramie leaf powder added, whereas the Hunter b value increased significantly. The estimated maximum viscosity of the ramie porridge was shown to be 24,643 cp when 1.90 g ramie leaf powder and 700.24 g water were added; the estimated maximum lightness of the ramie porridge was shown to be 59.11 when 0.02 g ramie leaf powder and 869.30 g water were added; and the estimated maximum gumminess of the ramie porridge was shown to be 21.46 g when 2.12 g ramie leaf powder and 700.35 g water were added.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 2017

We investigated the host preference of Ricania app. at different developmental stages to select the effective control methods. Ricania spp. at different developmental stages preferred different host plants. During the nymphal period, individuals moved to the bottom due to environmental factors such as wind and rain, rather than inhabiting trees, and fed on various plants ranging from 1 year-old herbaceous plants to shrubs. Especially, at Palbong Mt. in Gonju, Ricania spp. nymphs preferred Symplocos chinensis f. pilosa, Celastrus orbiculatus, Euonymus alatus, Kalopanax septemlobus, Aralia elata, Styrax japonicas, Rubus parvifolius, Ru. coreanus, Ru. crataegifolius, Quercus acutissima, Cornus officinalis, Lespedeza bicolor, Albizia julibrissin, L. maximowiczii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Rh. indicum. At Yongbong Mt. in Hongseong, Ricania spp. adults preferred herbaceous plants, such as Helianthus annuus, Solanum nigrum, and Oenothera biennis rather than trees during the pre-oviposition stage. Subsequently, as the oviposition season began, Ricania spp. adults were rarely found in H. annuus, S. nigrum, or O. biennis and appeared to migrate to the perennial trees and shrubs hosts to lay eggs. At Palbong Mt., the main laying hosts of Ricania spp. adults were Weigela subsessilis, Ailanthus altissima, Q. aliena, Boehmeria platanifolia, Diospyros lotus, Ziziphus jujubae var. inermis, St. japonicus, Prunus mume, P. serrulata var. spontanea, Spiraea prunifolia f. simpliciflora, Ru. crataegifolius, Salix koreensis, Ru. yedoense f. poukhanense, and Co. controversa. The degree of egg laying, number of egg masses and adult Ricania spp. were significantly higher in sunlit areas than in shaded areas, in addition, the lower the altitude, the more adults were present. This study contributes toward the development of traps that can attract and control Ricania spp. and reduce the density of Ricania spp. that disturb the ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine vegetation of the outer walls of the Jeongyi Town Wall in Jeju and analyze the characteristics and problems identified, for suggesting preliminary data for selecting species of plants appropriate for the greening of the walls in the southern temperate climate region, including Jeju. The result of this study is as follows. The number of plants growing naturally around the walls of the town was identified to be 52 taxa. Based on the list of naturalized plants, there are 5 taxa; Sonchus oleraceus, Houttuynia cordata, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Erigeron annuus and Lamium purpureum. The number of species by district was from 3 to 14 taxa with 7.1 taxa on average. Analyzing by the constancy class, plants in class III included Sedum bulbiferum, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Hedera rhombea and Boehmeria nivea. Manipulation of the species composition table shows that the number of plant species growing naturally around the walls of Jeongyi Town Wall is a total of 52 taxa, including 11 taxa by differential species of community and 41 taxa by companion species. The types of plants very useful for the covering of the walls are evergreen climbing vine, such as Hedera rhombea, Ficus thunbergii and Euonymus fortunei and deciduous climbing vine, such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Trichosanthes kirilowii and Paederia scandens. In addition, Ficus stipulata is identified as a vegetation more appropriate for the southern-ward lattice-blocked walls. Woody plants, such as Akebia quinata, Celastrus flagellaris, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata for. citrulloides, Rubus hirsutus, Clematis apiifolia and herbaceous plants, such as Dioscorea tenuipes, D. quinqueloba, D. nipponica, Cayatia japonica and Paederia scandens var. angustifolia are highly useful materials for climbing plants for covering the walls of the southern province. Pteridophyte, such as Lemmaphyllum microphyllum, Pteris multifida, Cyrtomium falcatum and Lygodium japonicumare suggested as very useful for increasing unique regional characteristics of the southern province, including Jeju.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.13
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• pp.31-44
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• 1995

Mt. Kumjeong is located in south-eastern part of the Korean Peninsular($129^{\circ}$01' to $129^{\circ}$05' E, $35^{\circ}$03' to $35^{\circ}$17' N) and the altitude of the summit is 802 meter. In order to find out the vegetation units which made it possible to classify subtropical forest and south-temperate forest, Mt. Kumjeong (which is located in a border of between subtropical forest and south-temperate forest) was selected as a study area. The primary result of actual vegetation analysis in Mt. Kumjeong based upon the vegetation community analysis methods by the ZM-school, and the relationships between vegetation community and two parameters(altitude, topography) analyzed by using coincidence analysis method were summarized as followings. 1. Based upon analytic methods of the vegetation community by the ZM-schools, the primary analytic result of the analysis of vegetation community in Mt. Kumjeong was divided into 10 communities, 9 groups, 2 subgroups. 2. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community out of 16 vegetation units was thought as a indicator vegetation group which made it possible to border subtropical forest and south-temperate forest. 3. Natural regeneration of Stewartia koreana group was thought to be difficult because seedling and sapling was rarely showed, 4. In relationship between vegetation units and altitude, Carpinus tschonoskii community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Wisteria floribunda community,. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community, Pinus thunbergii community mainly distributed below altitude 500 meter, and Quercus mongolica community, Typical group of Pinus densiflora community, Quercus dentata community, Carpinus coreana community, Quercus acutissima community mainly distributed above altitude 500 meter. 5. In relationship between vegetation units and topography, Carpinus tschonoskii community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Wisteria floribunda community,. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community distributed below middle slope, Quercus mongolica community, Typical group of Pinus densifiora community, Quercus dentata community, Carpinus coreana community, Pinus thunbergii community Quercus acutissima communily clistributed above midclle slope.