• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and factors related to daily activities in a representative Korean population. Methods: This study was based on the questions about musculoskeletal symptoms in the Korean General Social Survey 2010. The questionnaire about musculoskeletal symptoms was adopted from Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency guide, and it includes general characteristics, characteristics of pain, work type, work intensity and a 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). We utilized the criteria of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to define the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Demographic, behavioral and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 38.3%. The prevalence was higher in females, the elderly, those without health insurance, and those with a low income, low education, and occupations with a heavy workload. The prevalence by body part was highest in the back, shoulder, and knee, in that order. The physical component summary and mental component summary of the SF-12 decreased with increasing musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal symptoms are very common in the general population, and related to various socio-demographic factors. These results suggest that active prevention and management of musculoskeletal symptoms is needed at a national level.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.749-756
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• 2012

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of traditional Korean instrument player using a variety of traditional classical instruments: Gayageum, Geomungo, Ajaeng, Haegeum, Daegeum, Piri and Samul instruments. Background: A large percentage of instrument players have suffered from the musculoskeletal pain of each body parts. However, there is no research on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of traditional Korean musical instrument players. Method: Through the focus group interview, a questionnaire to investigate musculoskeletal disorders was developed. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: demographic factors, performance factors, musculoskeletal disorders symptoms, musculoskeletal disorder experience. For the survey, 118 expert players participated. The data from the survey were analyzed by correlation analysis and chi-square analysis. Results: The symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders and the severe pain from musculoskeletal disorders were observed at neck, shoulder, back and knee. The musculoskeletal experience was statistically related to the factor of body height in Gayageum and Geomungo. In addition, the musculoskeletal experience in Geomungo was related to age and career. However, the musculoskeletal experience in Ajaeng and Haegeum was only related to the factor of hobby. The musculoskeletal experience in Daegeum and Piri was related to stretching. In addition, there was a statistical significance between the musculoskeletal experience and sex in Daegum. In Samul instruments, the statistical significance was observed at age, BMI, career and stretching. Conclusion: The symptoms of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders of traditional Korean musical players were prevalently observed at neck, shoulder, back and knee. In addition, these symptoms were related to the various demographic factors such as age, body height, BMI, career, sex, hobby and stretching. Application: The results of this study can be used as the preliminary data for preventing the musculoskeletal injuries of traditional Korean musical instrument players.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.685-693
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• 2012

Objectives : This research was conducted to find the subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal system for main jobs and job posture. Methods : A survey was conducted from September 15, 2011 to October 7, 2011 and 357 dental hygienists were responded. The survey was consisted of the working environment and medical equipments, psycho-social characteristics, health habits and education, job posture, subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal system pain, and so on. Results : In the survey on the frequency of job posture of dental hygienists by jobs, said they cast down or tilt their head by 15 degrees or more or twist or bend their back. The result of the analysis on the subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal system by main job showed that they experienced a pain in neck, shoulder, and back, although the order differed. The order of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal system for casting down or turning head by 15 degrees or more, twisting or bending back, having shoulders not parallel to the ground, sitting at the end of a chair, and supporting the whole body with one leg or pressing on a pedal for treatment was from the shoulders to the neck to the back. The order of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal system for having arms too far from the body or hunching for treatment and bending wrists inward or outward for treatment was from the shoulders to the back to the neck. Conclusions : Due to the characteristics of the job which requires one to have a proper view of a patient's oral cavity, most of the postures included casting down of head or bending of back. Therefore a development of new postures is needed to replace the existing job postures which pressure the musculoskeletal system. And shift rotation can be used as a preventive measure.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.52-63
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• 2005

1. Objectives Due to a lack of detail guidelines for prescriptions to ordinary and pathological symptoms in ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon${\lrcorner}$, doctors depend on their own decision when give a prescription. This study aimed to compare ordinary symptoms and pathological symptoms in regards to six prescriptions being applied to Soyangin to utilize them as guidelines in practices. 2. Methods Date were collected from September, 2003 to August, 2004 at the Sasang Constitutional clinic of Pohang Oriental Medicine Hospital. Patients were first asked to fill Out a questionnaire of symptoms that they had at the time of visiting. Data from 273 Soyangin patients whose chief complains got alleviated after taking the prescribed drug were analyzed to examine if there were differences in prescriptions according to ordinary or pathological symptoms complained. 3. Results and Conclusions 1. Hyungbangpaedog-san(Paedog) was given more to the patients having good digestive function than Hyungbangjihwang-tang(Hyungji) and Hyungbangdojeok-san (Dojeok) ; Dojeok was given for bloating symptom compared to Hyungbangsabaek-san(Sabaek). Yangkyuksanhwa-tang(Yangkyuk) and Dojeok were more like for patients with stomachache compared to Paedog. Doghwaljihwang-tang(Dogji) was prescribed to patients complaining frequent voiding compared to Sabaek while Sabaek was given for patients who prefer cold water and feel their body warm compared to other prescriptions. Yangkyuk and Dojeok were prescribed more likely to patients with feeling of suffocation than Sabaek. 2. In symptom comparisons between one prescription and the group of the rest of 5 prescriptions, Paedog was found to be prescribed when patients had good digestive function while Dojeok was given in symptoms cases of indigestion, bloating, constipation and dizziness. Sabaek was applied more for patients having tendency of preferring cold water and feeling of heat body as well as good digestive function. Hyungji was used for patients complaining a symptom of fatigue, in addition Yangkyuk was given to patients who were nervous, sensitive, or impatient when compared to Other prescriptions. Dogji was applied to frequent voiding, insomnia, tingling of extremities, backache or leg pain, or in case of tendency of catching a common cold.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.304-312
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• 2006

Exfoliative Dermatitis is a name of a group of symptoms which is characterized by red rash, itching and scale in almost whole body. The patients are suffered from hypoalbuminemia, general weakness and fever sign in addition to characteristic skin lesions. So in the treatment of this disease, adequate symptomatic treatment is important with adequate topical skin management. We experienced a 69 year old Korean male patient diagnosed as Exfoliative Dermatitis based on clinical symptoms and a medical certificate. We concluded that the symptoms of this patient are Sun-symptoms(癬症) and gave him Bangpungtongsung-san(剝脫性皮膚炎) and Geunsun-bang(乾癬方). After taking Oriental Medicine(the hebal medicine of internal use), clinical improvement was noticed. Based on this experience, internal use of Oriental Medicine have a good effect in Exfoliative Dermatitis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.107-117
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• 2007

Objectives : This study is desinged in order to evaluate the Poison extraction method for the Atopic dermatitis. Methods : The authors observed the two cases of Atopic dermatitis patients who previously used steroid-based ointment. for treating the Poison Extraction Method. Conclusions : 1. In case 1, the patient with mild case of Atopic dermatitis in face is treated with the Poison extraction method. Rash symptoms intensed for first few days. As sweating appeared in the local area from the seventh day, all the symptoms was disappeared rapidly. No recurrence was found. 2. In case 2, the patient with severe case of Atopic dermatitis in whole body is treated with the Poison extraction method. The symptoms intensed after two months and all the symptoms of itchiness, rash, scaly letter dissapeared in the third and fourth months. No recurrence was found. 3. In both cases of mild and severe cases of Atopic dermatitis. all the symptoms were disappeared and no recurrence was found with the Poison Extraction Method.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.402-408
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• 2003

Exfoliative dermatitis is a name of a group of symptoms which is characterized by red rash, itching and scale in almost whole body. The patients are suffered from hypoalbuminemia, general weakness and fever sign in addition to characteristic skin lesions. So in the treatment of this disease, adequate symptomatic treatment is important with adequate topical skin management. We experienced a 67 year old Korean male patient diagnosed as exfoliative dermatitis based on clinical symptoms. We concluded that the symptoms of this patient are Sun-symptoms(癬症) and gave him Sunpunghwangi-san(宣風換肌散) and Chungdae-san(靑黛散). After taking herbal medicine, clinical improvement was noticed. Based on this experience, both internal and external use of oriental medicine have a good effect on exfoliative dermatitis.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.370-378
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine current status of somatic symptoms of late school-aged children using the school health clinic and to investigate the influence of perceived attachment security and social support on their somatic symptoms. Methods: For this descriptive study, self-report questionnaires were completed by fifth and sixth graders attending 'A' elementary school in Gyeonggi-do. Data from 216 students were included. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Most frequent somatic symptoms were headache, fainting, backache, numbness in a body part, and muscle ache in that order. More frequent somatic symptoms were reported by girls, students who recognized their family SES as low, students who used school health clinic often and students who were dissatisfied with school life. Somatic symptom showed negative correlations with attachment stability and perceived social support from family and teachers. In the regression analysis, the variables; low attachment stability, female gender, and low satisfaction with school affected more frequent somatic symptoms. Conclusion: Careful monitoring of late school-aged children expressing frequent somatic symptoms is required. Intervention programs to improve attachment security and satisfaction with school should be developed for school children, especially girls, presenting with somatic symptoms.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of smartphone usage and posture of users during using smartphone. A survey was conducted for 983 smartphone users to understand the association between smartphone usage and including subjective symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Main results from the survey were as follows; 1) 18.8% of the subjects experienced musculoskeletal symptoms at least at one of body parts. Specifically, 8.1%, 5.6%, 4.1%, and 11.3% of the subjects experienced musculoskeletal symptoms at neck, shoulder, elbow, and hand respectively, 2) The symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders were also associated with amount of text message and time for daily usage of smartphone. Specifically, relative risks of musculoskeletal disorders at hand/wrist/fingers in terms of "amount of text message" and "time for daily usage" for experienced user were 1.425 and 1.368 respectively to inexperienced user. This study identified 'amount of text message' and 'time for daily usage' as the major risk factors of smartphone usage in terms of musculoskeletal symptoms. The results of the study provided a good basis in order to remove or reduce the risks associated with musculoskeletal symptoms due to smartphone usage.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the premenstrual symptoms according to Sasang constitution and to utilize for understanding the characteristics of Sasang constitution. Methods Thirty one female university students participated in this study and Sasang Constitution and patterns of premenstrual symptoms was determined by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC) II and premenstrual symptoms screening tool, respectively. For statistical analysis, chi-square test, analysis of variance and correlation test has been used. Results There existed significant differences in menstrual symptoms between Sasang constitutions. Taeumin had higher body mass index in severe PMS(Premenstrual Symptoms) group than normal/mild PMS group, and Soyang in and Soeumin are vice versa. Taeumin showed depressed mood and hopelessness, decreased interest in school activities, Soyangin showed decreased interest in home activities, and Soeumin showed decreased interest in social activities. In terms of interfered functional activities, Soyangin had increased feeling overwhelmed or out of control and Taeumin and Soeumin had increased hypersomnia. Conclusion Menstrual symptoms are different among Sasang constitutional types based on PSST(Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool). These results may serve as the basis in identifying and treating premenstrual syndromes related to Sasang constitution.