• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2006

Although the main purpose of periodontal treatment to regenerate is the complete regeneration of periodontal tissue due to periodontal disease, most of the treatment cannot meet such purpose because healing by long epithelial junction. Therefore, diverse materials of resorbable and non-resorbable have been used to regenerate the periodontal tissue. Due to high risk of exposure and necessity of secondary surgical procedure when using non-resorbable membrane, guided tissue regeneration using the resorbable membrane has gain popularity, recently. However, present resorbable membrane has the disadvantage of not having sufficient time to regenerate date to the difference of resorption rate according to surgical site. Meanwhile, other than the structure stability and facile manipulation, acellular dermal matrix has been reported to be a possible scaffold for cellular proliferation due to rapid revascularization and favorable physical properties for cellular attachment and proliferation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence of acellular dermal matrix on periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone when acellular dermal matrix is implanted to 1-wall alveolar bone defect. 4 dogs of 12 to 16 month old irrelevant to sex , which below 15Kg of body weight, has been used in this study. ADM has been used for the material of guided tissue regeneration. The 3rd premolar of the lower jaw was extracted bilaterally and awaited for self-healing. subsequently buccal and lingual flap was elevated to form one wall intrabony defect with the depth and width of 4mm on the distal surface of 2nd premolar and the mesial surface of 4th premolar. After the removal of periodontal ligament by root planing. notch was formed on the basal position. Following the root surface treatment, while the control group had the flap sutured without any treatment on surgically induced intrabony defect. Following the root surface treatment, the flap of intrabony defect was sutured with the ADM inserted while the control group sutured without any insertion. The histologic specimen was observed after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The control group was partially regenerated by periodontal ligament, new cementum and new alveolar bone. the level of regeneration is not reached on the previous formed notch. but, experimental group was fully regenerated by functionally oriented periodontal ligament fiber. new cementum and new alveolar bone. In conclusion, we think that ADM seems to be used by scaffold for periodontal ligament cells and the matrix is expected to use on guided tissue regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 2008

Leuconostoc mesenteroides SM isolated from a raw carrot was used for the fermentation of carrot juice (CJ). Lactic acid fermentation of CJ was performed at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr with $0{\sim}20%$ sucrose concentration, resulting in the production of mucilage. The fermented CJ showed the complete conversion of sugar into dextran after fermentation for 24 hr in the presence of sucrose below 15% concentration. With 15% sucrose, the fermented CJ had pH 3.8, 0.9% acidity, consistency index of $3.5\;Pa{\cdot}s^n$. After cold storage for 3 weeks, fermented CJ showed slight increase in acidity and relatively constant value in pH; however, the consistency index, red color value and viable cell counts were slightly decreased for 3 weeks. The ${\beta}-carotene$ content in CJ was drastically decreased by lactic acid fermentation for 24 hr, indicating $72\;{\mu}g/mL$ as compared to $142\;{\mu}g/mL$. The fermented CJ had improved body texture, red color and stability without sedimentation.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.731-742
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• 2018

Recently, the construction of the urban area has been rapidly increasing, and the excavation work of the ground has been frequently performed at the upper part of the existing underground structure. Especially, when the structure is constructed after the excavation of the ground, the loading and unloading process is repeated in the lower ground of the excavation so that it can affect existing underground structures. Therefore, in order to maintain the stability of the existing underground structure due to the excavation of the ground, it is necessary to accurately grasp the influence of the excavation and the structure load in the adjoining part. In this study, the effects of the ground excavation and the new structure load on the existing tunnel were investigated by large - scale experiment and numerical analysis. For this purpose, a large model tester with a size reduced to 1/5 of the actual size was constructed, and model tests and numerical analyzes were carried out to investigate the effects of the excavation of the body ground by maintaining the distance between the excavation floor and the tunnel ceiling constant, The impacts were identified. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the deeper the excavation depth, the larger the influence on the existing tunnel. At the same distance, it was confirmed that the tunnel displacement increased with the increase of the building load, and the ground stress increased up to 2.4 times. From this result, it was confirmed that the effect of the increase of the underground stress on the existing tunnel is affected by the increase of the building load, and the influence of the underground stress is decreased from the new load width above 3.0D.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.3 s.47
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• pp.427-438
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• 2004

Cosmeceuticals products we not the products simply for moisturizing and protecting skin but the ones for encouraging to make improvements on wrinkles and helping to whiten, tan, and protect skin against ultraviolet light. In a broader sense, they refer to products with aiming to maintain healthy condition of skin such that skin troubles could be improved or aging of skin could be delayed. However, cosmeceuticals should not have any side effects because they are applied to the whole body for a long period of time differing from medical products which are used on specific areas for a short time. The number of such cosmeceuticals has increased from 500 in 2001 to 2300 in 2003. In order to develop and broaden the scope of cosmeceuticals, the concept of cosmetics needs to be changed from caring skin to delaying aging of the skin and reviving cells. For this purpose, high-valued materials should be developed through basic researches related to the biological function of skin, in vivo experiment and reaction of skin in response to various stimuli using biotechnologies and bioengineering methods. At the same time, it should be proceeded to develop new nano materials for overcoming skin barriers and transfer matericals for helping to absorb effective substances and maintaining stability.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Structural design and analysis of a coiling arm unloading machine for submarine cable have been originally conducted in this study. Three-dimensional CAD modeling process is practically applied for the structural design in detail. Finite element method(FEM) and multi-body dynamics(MBD) analyses are also used to verify the safety and required motions of the designed coiling arm structure. The effective moving functions of the designed coiling arm with respect to rotational and radial motions are achieved by adopting bearing-roller mechanical parts and hydraulic system. Critical design loading conditions due to its self weight, carrying cables, offshore wind, and hydraulic system over operation conditions are considered for the present structural analyses. In addition, possible inclined ground conditions for the installation of the designed coiling arm are also considered to verify overturn stability. The present hydraulic type coiling arm system is originally designed and developed in this study. The developed coiling arm has been installed at a harbor, successfully tested its operational functions, and finished practical unloading mission of the submarine cable.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.508-513
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• 2018

Tidal volume by sevoflurane in small amounts is stable due to the increase in the breathing rate. But alveolus ventilation decreases due to sevoflurane as the degree of sedation increases; this ultimately causes $PaCO_2$ to rise. The occurrence of suppression of breath increases the risk of severe hypoxia and hypercapnia in deeply sedated patients with disabilities. Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia has a number of risks and may have unexpected problems with hemodynamic changes depending on the underlying state of the body. This study was conducted to examine the stability of internal acid-base system caused by respiratory depression occurring when patients with disabilities are induced by sevoflurane. Anesthetic induction was carried out by placing a mask on top of the patient's face and through voluntary breathing with 4 vol% of sevoflurane, 4 L/min of nitrous oxide, and 4 L/min of oxygen. After the patient's loss of consciousness and muscle relaxation, IV line was inserted by an expert and intravenous blood gas was analyzed by extracting blood from vein. In a deeply sedated state, the average amount of pH of the entire patients was measured as $7.36{\pm}0.06$. The average amount of $PvCO_2$ of the entire patients was measured as $48.8{\pm}8.50mmHg$. The average amount of $HCO_3{^-}$ of the entire patients was measured as $27.2{\pm}3.0mmol/L$. In conclusion, in dental treatment of patients with disabilities, the internal acid base response to inhalation sedation using sevoflurane is relatively stable.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.2C
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

Associating the shoulder line with head location of the human body is useful in verifying, localizing and tracking persons in an image. Since the head line and the shoulder line, what we call ${\Omega}$-shape, move together in a consistent way within a limited range of deformation, we can build a statistical shape model using Active Shape Model (ASM). However, when the conventional ASM is applied to ${\Omega}$-shape fitting, it is very sensitive to background edges and clutter because it relies only on the local edge or gradient. Even though appearance is a good alternative feature for matching the target object to image, it is difficult to learn the appearance of the ${\Omega}$-shape because of the significant difference between people's skin, hair and clothes, and because appearance does not remain the same throughout the entire video. Therefore, instead of teaming appearance or updating appearance as it changes, we model the discriminative appearance where each pixel is classified into head, torso and background classes, and update the classifier to obtain the appropriate discriminative appearance in the current frame. Accordingly, we make use of two features in fitting ${\Omega}$-shape, edge gradient which is used for localization, and discriminative appearance which contributes to stability of the tracker. The simulation results show that the proposed method is very robust to pose change, occlusion, and illumination change in tracking the head and shoulder line of people. Another advantage is that the proposed method operates in real time.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

The GTL(Gas to Liquids) technology, manufacturing synthesized oil from natural gas, had been developed about 1920 for the military purpose by Fischer and Tropsch, German scientists. And 1960, Sasol company had started commercializing the FT(Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis technology, for the transport fuel in South Africa. Until a recent date, the commercialization of GTL technology had been delayed by low oil price. But concern about depletion of petroleum resources, and development in synthesizing technology lead to spotlight on the GTL businesses. Especially, Qatar, which has rich natural gas fields, aims at utilizing natural gas like conventional oil resources. Therefore, around this nation, GTL plants construction has been promoted. There are mainly 3 processes to make GTL products(Diesel, Naphtha, lube oil, etc) from natural gas. The first is synthesis gas generation unit reforming hydrogen and carbomonoxide from natural gas. The second is FT synthesis unit converting synthesized gas to polymeric chain-hydrocarbon. The third is product upgrading unit making oil products from the FT synthesized oil. There are quite a little sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatic compounds in GTL products. GTL product has environmental premium in discharging less harmful particles than refinery oil products from crude to the human body. In short, the GTL is a clean technology, easier transportation mean, and has higher stability comparing to LNG works.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1128-1134
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate quality properties of gamma-irradiated Kwamegi prepared from Cololabis seira semi-dried by cold sea wind. Edible portion of Kwamegi was prepared from whole body, vacuum-packaged, gamma-irradiated in the doses of 3 or 5 kGy, and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. Volatile basic nitrogen and trimethylamine contents were not different by gamma irradiation. During storage increase of those two compounds were inhibited depending upon the dose. Thiobarbituric acid values did not differ in all samples, regardless of irradiation and storage. The amount of total volatile compounds of Kwamegi decreased by irradiation. Rheological properties were not affected by irradiation and were maintained up to 60 day when the Kwamegi was irradiated at 5 kGy dose, but those of control was softened. Sensory evaluation had no differences in all samples immediately after irradiation. Sensory quality of Kwamegi irradiated were organoleptically adequate, however that of control was deteriorated. In conclusion, these results indicate that gamma irradiation technique can be used to maintain the quality of Kwamegi.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.87-103
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• 2019

Nonaqueous organic electrolyte solution in commercially available lithium-ion batteries, due to its flammability, corrosiveness, high volatility, and thermal instability, is demanding to be substituted by safer solid electrolyte with higher cycle stability, which will be utilized effectively in large-scale power sources such as electric vehicles and energy storage system. Of various types of solid electrolytes, composite solid electrolytes with polymer matrix and active inorganic fillers are now most promising in achieving higher ionic conductivity and excellent interface contact. In this review, some kinds and brief history of solid electrolyte are at first introduced and consequent explanations of polymer solid electrolytes and inorganic solid electrolytes (including active and inactive fillers) are comprehensively carried out. Composite solid electrolytes including these polymer and inorganic materials are also described with their electrochemical properties in terms of filler shapes, such as particle (0D), fiber (1D), plane (2D), and solid body (3D). In particular, in all-solid-state lithium batteries using lithium metal anode, the interface characteristics are discussed in terms of cathode-electrolyte interface, anode-electrolyte interface, and interparticle interface. Finally, current requisites and future perspectives for the composite solid electrolytes are suggested by help of some decent reviews recently reported.