• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.464-473
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to develop a sizing system of fitness clothing that can properly accommodate various body sizes of Korean senior women. The sizing system of upper and lower fitness clothing was developed in the present study by selection of key variables, identification of size category candidates, and determination of an optimal sizing system. First, key anthropometric dimensions (stature and bust circumference for upper clothing and stature; waist circumference for lower clothing) were identified by factor analysis on the direct body measurements (n = 272) and 3D whole-body scan data (n = 271) of Korean senior women in Size Korea. Second, sizing system candidates based on the key dimensions of upper and lower clothing were explored using a grid method and an optimization method. Lastly, among the sizing system candidates, optimal sizing systems of upper and lower clothing were selected in terms of accommodation rate. Five size categories (short/small, short/medium, tall/small, tall/medium, and tall/large) were selected as the optimal sizing systems of upper and lower clothing with 89% and 78% of accommodation rate, respectively, for the Korean senior women. The anthropometric characteristics of the representative humans of the optimal size categories would be of use in the design of fitness compressive wear for the better fit and effectiveness of exercise and health of Korean senior women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.955-968
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• 2010

Three-dimensional body data has been used in many industry fields including the apparel industry. This research used data from a study of the changes in lower body girth measurements from a 3D scan study of 25 female subjects aged 18 to 24 in four postures; a standing posture, a $120^{\circ}$ knee bend posture, a one pace stepping posture, and a sitting posture with a $90^{\circ}$ knee bend. We used the information on the difference between standing and seated measurements to adjust ease values for pants patterns an evaluation of the appearance, and the comfort of the pants. Waist girth in the sitting posture increased 8% compared to a standing posture and the hip girth measurement increased 7%. A basic pants pattern (pants A) with 2.4cm ease at the waist and 2.6cm ease at the hip was developed and a pants pattern (pants B) was developed using the rates of lower body girth change with a 5.7cm ease (8% change) at the waist and 7cm ease (7% change) at the hip. The appearance assessment items of pants A in a standing posture were higher than pants B. On the other hand, most appearance assessment items of pants B in a sitting posture were higher than pants A, especially the ease of pants back waistline and the appearance of the whole back. Comfort assessment items of pants B in both standing and sitting postures were higher than the comfort assessment items for pants A, especially the location of pants waistline, the ease of pants at the waistline, and the ease at the abdomen. In order to find the best level of ease for better appearance and comfort in both standing and sitting postures, 20 pants were constructed with ease values at the waist and hip in increments of 1.1cm in the range between the ease values of pants A and pants B. A fit test was conducted to compare the average appearance and comfort ratings that identified the pants with the best ease values at the waist and hip. The highest total mean was achieved in the pants with a waist ease of 4.6cm and hip ease of 4.8cm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.488-493
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• 2011

The Korean spine geometry and property data for researchers were made by KISTI and Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy. We took whole spine CT, X-Ray, BMD scan for making high resolution cross-sectional spine images using more 20 donated cadavers(60 - 80 years). Then we constructed 3-dimensional volume model using serial CT images by Mimics software. The major morphometric parameters of vertebrae were measured. Mechanical motion and property data were obtained by the same cadavers using the DEXA for BMD and the spine simulator. The Korean spine geometry and property data could be used for research and development of medical device.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.812-820
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to classify the head shapes of Korean men and to suggest computer tomography as a new body measurement method. The 23 head measurement items of 760 men, aged more than 18 in Sizekorea 2004 database were used to analyze, measured by using statistical methods. Factor analysis, cluster analysis and duncan test were performed using these data. Through factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted upon factor scores and those factors comprised 70.91% for the total variances. The head and face shapes were categorized as 5 types-triangle, round, oval, long, rectangle. We decided for the type 1(triangle) to standard head shape since this type was the most observed. 21 participants were measured using computed tomography(CT). The measured data of skin and skeleton and the standard head shapes were illustrated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1242-1252
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• 2006

Many applications in computer graphics require complex, highly detailed models. However, to control processing time, it is often desirable to use approximations in place of excessively detailed models. Therefore, we have developed the notion of an optimal matrix to simplify the model surface which can then rapidly obtain high quality 2D patterns by flattening the 3D surface. Firstly, the woman's 3D body was modeled based on Size Korea data. Secondly, the 3D model was divided by shell and block for the pattern draft. Thirdly, each block was flattened by the grid and bridge method. Finally, we select the optimal matrix and demonstrate it's efficiency and quality. The proposed approach accommodates surfaces with darts, which are commonly utilized in the clothing industry to reduce the deformation of surface forming and flattening. The resulting optimal matrix could be an initiation of standardization for pattern flattening. This can facilitate much better approximations, in both efficiency and exactness.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2024

This study aimed to objectively classify the lateral torso posture types and functions of older women. We used 3D body scan data of 119 women aged 70-85 years from the 6th SizeKorea project. First, we defined three torso axes to represent the lateral torso posture types: posterior waist-back, back-cervical, and whole torso axes. Next, we asked experts to select one of four lateral torso posture types-stooped, straight, leaning back, and swayback postures-by looking at the lateral photographic data of 119 older women. To identify the axis that best represented each lateral torso posture type, a discriminant analysis was conducted using the angle of each of the three torso axes as an independent variable and an expert's visual classification as a dependent variable. Based on the analysis, the whole torso and backcervical axis angles were selected as variables for judging lateral torso posture types. Subsequently, we developed a classification function to determine which of the four lateral torso posture types of a particular participant was applicable for a new individual. The method developed in this study is significant in that it enables the objective classification of the lateral torso postures types of older women.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 2011

This study developed a method of calculating dynamic wearing ease (DWE) to make patterns for coverall work clothing. The DWE was measured from 3D body scan data of women in their 20's (n = 10). The body postures adopted for measuring the DWE were sitting and deep bending postures. Three types of experimental patterns (A, B, C) were developed. The DWE was applied at the waist and hip lines of the pattern. The location and size of the DWE varied from one pattern to another. For pattern B, DWE of 8.8cm was applied at the back of the waistline. For pattern C, 5.3cm was applied at the waist for the center back line, and 3.5cm was applied at the under hip level. The comfort of the experimental clothing was evaluated in six body postures. The results showed that patterns B and C were comfortable at the crotch, shoulders, and arm pits. Pattern C was comfortable at the hip and crotch areas in the arms lifting-up posture and the stepping-up posture. The appearance and fit of the experimental clothing were evaluated by the panels. Patterns B and C fitted better than pattern A at the abdomen. The results suggest that DWE should be applied at the waist and hip levels for making coverall work clothing patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.895-900
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• 2019

Ultrasound is known to be harmless to the human body and is widely used in obstetrics and gynecology to confirm the diagnosis and development status of fetus. Diagnosis Although long - term use of ultrasound may cause changes in body temperature, studies on the uterine temperature changes due to ultrasound have been lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of temperature according to ultrasonic scanning time using a self - produced uterine model phantom. Ultrasound equipment and a 4MHz convex probe were used to construct the uterine model phantom similar to the human uterus using acrylic and pig uterus, which are tissue equivalents. Three probe type thermometers were installed to measure the inside of the acrylic water tank, the uterus, and the atmospheric temperature. The temperature of the uterine phantom was ascertained by measuring the temperature of the subject for 6 hours, 361 times. In this study, the possibility of human body temperature elevation due to ultrasound could be confirmed and this study will be used as the basic data of ultrasonic heat absorption study.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

Recently, small-animal imaging technology has been rapidly developed for longitudinal screening of laboratory animals such as mice and rats. One of newly developed imaging modalities for small animals is an x-ray micro-CT (computed tomography). We have developed two types of x-ray micro-CT systems for small animal imaging. Both systems use flat-panel x-ray detectors and micro-focus x-ray sources to obtain high spatial resolution of $10{\mu}m$. In spite of the relatively large field-of-view (FOV) of flat-panel detectors, the spatial resolution in the whole-body imaging of rats should be sacrificed down to the order of $100{\mu}m$ due to the limited number of x-ray detector pixels. Though the spatial resolution of cone-beam CTs can be improved by moving an object toward an x-ray source, the FOV should be reduced and the object size is also limited. To overcome the limitation of the object size and resolution, we introduce zoom-in micro-tomography for high-resolution imaging of a local region-of-interest (ROI) inside a large object. For zoom-in imaging, we use two kinds of projection data in combination, one from a full FOV scan of the whole object and the other from a limited FOV scan of the ROI. Both of our micro-CT systems have zoom-in micro-tomography capability. One of both is a micro-CT system with a fixed gantry mounted with an x-ray source and a detector. An imaged object is laid on a rotating table between a source and a detector. The other micro-CT system has a rotating gantry with a fixed object table, which makes whole scans without rotating an object. In this paper, we report the results of in vivo small animal study using the developed micro-CTs.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.661-671
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• 2011

This study was designed to produce rounded belt pattern and tight-skirt pattern drafting method using 3D body scan data. Subjects were thirty women in their early twenties. In order to figure out the optimum cutting points, namely, where darts are made, using CAD program, curve ratio inflection points on the horizontal curve of waist, abdomen, and hip to find 1 point in the front, two points in the back part. The average length from center front point to maximum curve ratio was 7.7 cm(46.3%) on the waist curve; 7.9 cm(39.4%) on the abdomen curve. And the average length from center back point to maximum curve ratio point was 6.9 cm(39.0%) for first dart and 11.2 cm(63.3%) for second dart on the waist curve; 8.9 cm(35.8%) for first dart and 15.7 cm(63.3%) for second dart on the hip curve respectively. The cutting lines from were made up by connecting curve inflection points. After divided using cutting lines, each patch was flattened onto the plane and all the technical design factors related with patternmaking were measured, such as dart amount, lifting amount of side waist point, etc. Based on the results of correlation analysis among these factors, regression analysis was done to produce equations to estimate the variables necessary to draw up pattern draft method; F1=F8+1.1, $F4=2.5{\times}F2+0.9$, $F5=0.9{\times}F4+1.0$, $F6=0.3{\times}F4+0.4$, $B1=0.9{\times}B8+2.3$, $B4=2.1{\times}B2+1.3$, $B5=0.9{\times}B4+3.5$, and $B6=0.3{\times}B4+0.4$.