• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

The severity of electric shock is entirely dependent on body resistance. When the human body becomes a part of electric circuit, the body resistance is given as a function of shock scenario. Factors which consist of applied voltage, shock duration, body current path and contact area, etc.. The body resistance is defined as the voltage applied to subjects divided by the body current. To secure safety of the subjects, the experiment is conducted on 10 subjects, the body current is limited to 4mA. And only three factors under many shock scenario conditions are used to determine the body resistance. The three factors are the applied voltage, the current pathway and the contact area. The object of this work is to estimate the dynamic resistance of the human body as a function of applied voltage using the body current at low-voltage levels. The data of the body current at low-voltage levels are extrapolated to high-voltage levels using two analytic functions with specified constants calculated by numerical method. Also we can provide permissible body voltage for various copper electrodes on the basis of the data determined with the dynamic resistance and the body current.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 1995

Background: Airway resistance(Raw) is measured with the body plethysmograph by displaying the relationship between airflow and alveolar pressure($V/P_A$). If the resistance curve on $V/P_A$ tracing is curved or looped, the estimation of Raw is difficult. This study was designed to examine wheather there is any correlation between the shape of resistance curve and the clinical status and the pulmonary function of patients. Methods: The 146 pulmonary disease patients with increased Raw were included in this study. The shapes of resistance curves on $V/P_A$ tracing with body plethysmograph during quiet breathing were analyzed and compared with pulmonary function. Results: The results were as follows ; 1) The shapes of resistance curves were summarized in 5 categories; type 1: linear, type 2: ovoid, type 3: sigmoid, type 4: scoop, type 5: paisley. The type 3 except 1 case, type 4 and type 5 were found to have loop mainly in expiratory phase. 2) Although the shapes of resistance curves were not typical for specific disease, the resistance curves of acute disease tended to belong to type 1 or 2 and those of chronic airflow obstruction tended to belong to type 3, 4 or 5. But resistance curves of bronchial asthma and destructive lung with tuberculosis showed all types in proportion to degree of airflow obstruction or destruction of parenchyme. 3) In the cases of resistance curves going to type 5 rather than type 1 and those with looping, airflow obstuction tended to be severe and airway resistance and residual volume tended to increase. Conclusions: Analysis of resistance curve on $V/P_A$ tracing measuring airway resistance is helpful for judging degree of airflow obstruction and air trapping. Although the shape of resistance curve is not typical for specific disease, there is a close association between looping and airway obstruction.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.239-239
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• 2000

Automobile manufacturers have employed resistance spot welding(RSW) to join steel sheets for structural rigidity o automobile body. Driven by the need to reduce weight and fuel consumption, car companies have been evaluating aluminum intensive vehicles(AIVs) as a way to reduce vehicle weight without downsizing. During the transition from all steel-construction vehicle body to aluminum intensive body, joining aluminum to steel sheets emerges as a serious contender in automobile body. This paper deals with application of transition material to RSW aluminum to steel. Placing transition material insert between the aluminum/steel interface was found very effective to overcome incompatibility between aluminum and steel. Use of transition insert allows for two separate weld muggets to be formed in their respective aluminum/ aluminum and steel/ steel interfaces. This RSW process was monitored with the aid of dynamic resistance sampling. Typical patterns in sampled dynamic resistance curves indicated formation of sound nugget. (Received February 28, 2000)

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2000

Automobile manufacturers have employed resistance spot welding(RSW) to join steel sheets for structural rigidity of automobile body. Driven by the need to reduce weight and fuel consumption, car companies have been evaluating aluminum intensive vehicles(AIVs) as a way to reduce vehicle weight without downsizing. During the transition from all steel-construction vehicle body to aluminum intensive body, joining aluminum to steel sheets emerges as a serious contender in automobile body. This paper deals with application of transition material to RSW aluminum to steel. Placing transition material insert between the aluminum/steel interface was found very effective to overcome incompatibility between aluminum and steel. Use of transition insert allows for two separate weld nuggets to be formal in their respective aluminum/aluminum and steel/steel interfaces. This RSW process was monitored with the aid of dynamic resistance sampling. Typical patterns in sampled dynamic resistance curves indicated formation of sound nugget.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.412-419
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a walking and resistance exercise on body composition and lipid profile in obese women. Methods: Fourty three women were assigned to experimental group (n=21) or control group (n=22). The walking and resistance exercise using elastic band was provided three times a week for 12 weeks. Weight, height, body mass index, body fat percentage, abdominal fatness, skeletal muscle mass, body fatness, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were measured before and after the program. Paired and independent t-tests were performed using SAS program. Results: Weight (t=-5.35, p<.001), body mass index (t=-4.12, p<.001), body fat percentage (t=-2.33, p =.026), and body fatness (t=-4.32, p<.001) were significantly decreased and skeletal muscle mass (t=2.09, p =.044) was significantly increased after the walking and resistance exercise. Also, total cholesterol (t=-3.03, p =.006) and LDL cholesterol (t=-2.70, p =.011) were significantly decreased and HDL cholesterol (t=2.05, p =.046) was significantly increased after the exercise program. Conclusion: According to the study result, exercise led a positive outcome on obese women in their 30~40s. The walking and resistance exercise will contribute to the improving body composition and lipid profile in this population.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a resistance band training program on body composition, physical fitness, and health promotion behavior in nursing students. Method: This study has a one-group pretest-posttest design to examine the change in body composition, physical fitness, and health-promoting lifestyle profile after participation in the resistance band training program. Training consisted of hands-based exercises using an elastic resistance band for ten weeks. Participants performed the resistance band training two days per week with a sports trainer, and 30 minutes self-training three days per week. The participants were 21 freshmen in nursing. Results: Mean age of the participants was 20.9 years, and 61.9% were not satisfied with their body shape. After the training program, muscle mass, muscular endurance, and balance of the body were significantly improved. In health promoting lifestyle profile, categories of physical activity, health responsibility, and stress management showed a significant increase. Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that exercising with a resistance band improved body composition, physical fitness, and health promoting behavior in the nursing students. We propose that resistance band training should be suitable for those who have the environment with limitation of time and space.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2005

Auto industry has employed resistance spot welding(RSW) to join steel sheets for structural rigidity of automobile body. Driven by the need to reduce weight and fuel consumption, car companies have been evaluating aluminum intensive vehicles(AIVs) as a way to reduce vehicle weight without downsizing. During the transition from all steel-construction vehicle body to aluminum intensive body, joining aluminum to steel sheets emerges as a serious contender in automobile body. This paper deals with application of transition material to RSW aluminum to steel. Placing transition material insert between the aluminum/steel interface was found very effective to overcome physical incompatibility between aluminum and steel. Use of transition insert allows for two separate weld nuggets to be formed in their respective aluminum/aluminum and steel/steel interfaces. This RSW processes was monitored with the aid of dynamic resistance sampling. Typical patterns in sampled dynamic resistance curves indicated formation of sound nugget. The growth of two separate nuggets was examined by micro-cross section test.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on gait ability, physical fitness and body compositions in older women. Method : The subjects were 24 older women who were randomly divided into two groups (resistance exercise, n=12, and aerobic exercise, n=12). They 65~80 years old. The subjects done the Gym-ball, Togu, and senior dance exercise three times per week-for 70 minutes each time for 16 weeks. Body compositions, physical fitness, and gait ability were measured in this study. Result : There were significantly improved the walk performance after exercise training for 16 weeks. In particular, it was more effective on resistance exercise training in older women. There were significant differences in muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, body weight, percent of body fat, and body mass index (BMI) after the exercise program. Conclusion : It was more effective improved on muscle endurance, flexibility, and balance performance after resistance exercise program than an aerobic exercise program in older women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2010

The air resistance about automotive body is studied by the flow analysis in this study. Maximum air flow velocity is shown with 28 to 30 m/s on the upper roof of automotive body. The air flow becomes most regular at automotive body model 3 but the model of 2 or 3 becomes irregular in comparison with the model 1. The maximum air resistance pressure is shown with 413 to 420 Pa at the front bumper of automotive body. The flow velocity at inlet or middle plane of automotive body is shown as the contour same with the model of 1, 2, or 3. But the velocity at outlet plane at model 1 is shown as the contour different with the model of 2 or 3.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.805-812
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• 2011

The elderly population has been dramatically increasing over the past years, but most of the population has developed chronic diseases and handicaps due to aging. High-intensity resistance training is one of the most effective ways to improve muscular strength, but it is unclear whether body composition and functional fitness would be increased by high-intensity resistance training. The aim of this investigation was to explore whether 12 weeks of high-intensity training would improve muscular strength, body composition, and functional fitness in women over the age of 70 years. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to a high-intensity resistance training group (n=8), a low-intensity resistance training group (n=8), and a control group (n=8). The experimental groups exercised 3 days per week for 12 weeks at a local fitness center. An analysis of variance(ANOVA) with repeated measures was used for analysis. The results showed that there was a significant improvement in agility and muscular strength following the high-intensity resistance training. Moreover, Moreover, %body fat and body fat mass decreased significantly after the 12 weeks of high-intensity resistance training(p<0.05). Based on these results, it was concluded that high-intensity resistance training is efficient for women over the age 70 years in increasing their muscular strength and functional fitness and reducing their total body fat mass.