Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The effects of high intensity resistance training on body composition and functional performance in elderly women

고강도 웨이트 트레이닝이 노인여성의 신체조성과 체력기능수행에 미치는 영향

  • Kang, Sun-Hee (Department of Medical Record & Health Information Management, Kongju National University) ;
  • Han, Gun-Soo (Department of Physical Education, Chungnam National University)
  • 강선희 (공주대학교 의무기록 정보학과) ;
  • 한건수 (충남대학교 체육교육과)
  • Received : 2011.01.11
  • Accepted : 2011.02.10
  • Published : 2011.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The elderly population has been dramatically increasing over the past years, but most of the population has developed chronic diseases and handicaps due to aging. High-intensity resistance training is one of the most effective ways to improve muscular strength, but it is unclear whether body composition and functional fitness would be increased by high-intensity resistance training. The aim of this investigation was to explore whether 12 weeks of high-intensity training would improve muscular strength, body composition, and functional fitness in women over the age of 70 years. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to a high-intensity resistance training group (n=8), a low-intensity resistance training group (n=8), and a control group (n=8). The experimental groups exercised 3 days per week for 12 weeks at a local fitness center. An analysis of variance(ANOVA) with repeated measures was used for analysis. The results showed that there was a significant improvement in agility and muscular strength following the high-intensity resistance training. Moreover, Moreover, %body fat and body fat mass decreased significantly after the 12 weeks of high-intensity resistance training(p<0.05). Based on these results, it was concluded that high-intensity resistance training is efficient for women over the age 70 years in increasing their muscular strength and functional fitness and reducing their total body fat mass.

이 연구의 목적은 고강도로 실시되는 12주간의 웨이트 트레이닝을 통하여 노인 여성들의 신체조성 및 기능적 체력에 어떠한 변화가 있는지를 규명하는 것이다. 연구대상자들은 U경로당에 정기적으로 출입하는 70세 이상 노인 여성 중에 실험의 취지를 알고 자발적 참여의사를 가진 24명을 선정하였다. 선정된 24명을 무선할당 방법을 통해 두 개의 운동집단인 고강도 저항성 운동 집단 (High intensity resistance group, n=8), 저강도 저항성 운동 집단(Low intensity resistance group, n=8) 그리고 비교군 (Control group, n=8)으로 나누었다. 운동집단은 12주간의 고강도 및 저강도 저항성 운동을 실시하였으며, 비교군은 12주간 어떠한 운동에도 참가하지 못하도록 제한하였다. 연구결과, 12주간 실시된 고강도 웨이트 트레이닝은 근력과 민첩성을 유의하게 향상시켰으며, 체지방률과 체지방량은 유의하게 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 평형성 및 심폐능력은 향상되었으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 종합해보면 정기적인 고강도 웨이트 트레이닝은 노인 여성들의 체력 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 운동이라 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 통계청, "2006 고령화 통계자료", 2006.
  2. Kramarow, E., Lentzner, H., Rooks, R., Weeks, J., and Saydah, S, "Health and aging chartbook : Health, United States", National Center for Health Statistics, 1999.
  3. Daley, M. J, "Exercise, mobility and aging", Sport Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 1-12, 2000. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200029010-00001
  4. Keysor, J. J, "Have we oversold the benefits of late-life exercise?", Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, Vol. 56, pp. M412-M423, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.7.M412
  5. Prohaska, T., Belansky, E., Belza, B., Buchner, D.,Marshall, V., McTigue, K., Satariano, W., and Wilcox, Sl, "Physical activity, public health, and aging: Critical issue and research priorities", Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, Vol. 61, pp. S267-S273, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.5.S267
  6. Gregg, E. W., Cauley, J. A., Stone, K., Thompson, T. J., Bauer, D. C., Cmmings, S. R., and Ensrud, K. E, "Relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women", Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 289, pp. 2379-2386. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.18.2379
  7. Gregg, E. W., Cauley, J. A., Stone, K., Thompson, T. J., Bauer, D. C., Cmmings, S. R., and Ensrud, K. E, "Relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women", Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 289, pp. 2379-2386. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.18.2379
  8. National Center for Health Statistics., "Health, United States, 2006 with chartbooks on trends in the health of Americans", 2006.
  9. Jones, D. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Croft, J. B., Macera, C. A., Lloyd, E. E., and Yusuf, H. R, "Moderate leisure-time physical activity: Who is meeting the public health recommendations? A national cross-sectional study", Archives of Family Medicine, Vol. 7, pp. 285-289, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfami.7.3.285
  10. Fiatarone, M. A., Marks, E. C., Meredith, C. N., Lipsitz, L. A., and Evans, W. J, "High-intensity strength training in nonagenarian: Effects on skeletal muscle ". Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 263, pp. 3029-3034, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.263.22.3029
  11. Jenkins, K. R, "Obesity's effect on the onset of functional impairment among older adults", The Gerontologist, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp.206-216, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/44.2.206
  12. 김창규, 이운용, 배윤정, "한국노인의 체력요인별 평가 기준치 연구", 한국체육학회지, 제39권, 제4호. pp. 453-466, 2000.
  13. Jessup, J. V., Horne, C., Vishen, R. K., and Wheeler, D, "Effects of exercise on bone density, balance, and self-efficacy in older women", Biological Research for Nursing, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 171-180, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800402239628
  14. 이인학, 김미란, 민경은, "등산이 60대 노인의 체력향상에 미치는 효과", 대한물리치료학회지, 제10권, 제1 호, pp.67-74, 1998.
  15. 한윤수, 이선장, "8주간의 복합운동 프로그램이 농촌 노인의 체력에 미치는 영향", 한국발육발달학회지, 제 16권, 제4호, pp. 313-318, 2008.
  16. 옥정석, 박우영, "노인들의 운동습관이 감각조절 및 운동조절기능에 미치는 영향", 운동과학, 제19권, 제1호, pp. 49-58, 2010.
  17. 오상덕, "노인들의 장기간 유산소 운동 참여가 면역물 질 변화에 미치는 영향", 운동과학, 제14권, 제1호, pp. 77-85, 2005.
  18. 이석준. "16주간의 저항운동이 노인의 체력 및 평형기능 개선에 미치는 효과", 한국스포츠리서치, 제177권, 제3호, pp. 519-528, 2006.
  19. Latham, N. K, "Systematic review of the progressive resistance strength training in older adults", The Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 59A, No. 1, pp. M48-M61, 2004.
  20. Fiararone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., and Evans, W. J, "Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people", The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 330, No. 25, pp. 1769-1775. 1994. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199406233302501
  21. Rikli, R. E., and Jones, C. J, "Development and validation of a functional fitness test for communityresiding older adults", Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, Vol. 7, pp. 129-161, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.7.2.129
  22. Berg, K. O., Wood-Dauphinee, S. L., Williams, J. I., and Maki, B, "Measuring balance in the elderly: Validation of an instrument", Canadian Journal of Public Health, Vol. 83, pp. S7-S11, 1992.
  23. Kuramoto, A. K., and Payne, V. G, "Predicting muscular strength in women: A preliminary study", Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, Vol. 66, pp. 168-172, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1995.10762224
  24. Hughes, T. R., Mao, M., Jones, A. R., Burchard, J., Marton, M. J., Shannon, K. W., Lefkowitz, S. M., Ziman, M., Schelter, J. M., Meyer, M. R., Kobayashi, S., Davis, C., Dai, H., He, Y. D., Stephaniants, S. B., Cavet, G., Walker, W. L., West, A., Coffey, E., Shoemaker, D. D., Stoughton, R., Blanchard, A. P., Friend, S. H., and Linsley, P. S, "Expression profiling using microarrays fabricated by an ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesizer", Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 342-347, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1038/86730
  25. Joseph, L. J., Davey, S. L., Evans, W. J., and Campbell, W. W, "Differential effect of resistance training on the body composition and lipoprotein-lipid profile of older men and women", Metabolism, Vol. 48, No. 11, pp. 1474-1480, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(99)90162-2
  26. Vincent, K. R., Braith, R. W., Feldman, R. A., Magyari, P. M., Culter, R. B., Persin, S. A., Lennon, S. L., Gabr, A. H., and Lowenthal, D. T, "Resistance exercise and physical performance in adults aged 60 to 83", Journal of the American Geriatrics, Vol. 50, pp. 1100-1107, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50267.x
  27. DiBrezzo, R., Shadden, B. B., Raybon, B. H., and Powers, M, "Exercise intervention designed to improve strength and dynamic balance among communitydwelling older adults", Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, Vol. 13, pp. 198-209, 1999.
  28. Weiss, A., Suzuki, t., Bean, J., and Fielding, R. A, "High intensity strength training improves strength and functional performance after stroke", American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 369-376, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002060-200007000-00009
  29. Binder, E. F., Schechtman, K. B., Ehsani, A. A., Steger-May, K., Brown, M., Sinacore, D. R., Yarasheski, K. E., and Holloszy, J. O, "Effect of exercise training on frailty in Community-dwelling older adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial", Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 50, pp. 1921-1928, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50601.x
  30. Martins, R. A., Verissimo, M. T., Coelho e Silva, M. J., Cumming, S. P., and Teixeira, A. M, "Effects of aerobic and strength-based training on metabolic health indicators in older adults", Lipids in Health and Disease, Vol. 9, pp. 76-81, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-9-76
  31. Binder, E. F., Yarasheski, K. E., Steger-May, K., Sinacore, D. R., Brown, M., Schechtman, K. B., and Holloszy, J. O, "Effects of progressive resistance training on body composition in frail older adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial", Thre Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 60A, No. 11, pp. M1425-M1431, 2005.
  32. Nichols, J. F., Omizo, D. K., Peterson, K. K., and Nelson, K. P, "Efficacy of heavy-resistance training for active women over sixty: Muscular strength, body composition, and program adherence", Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 41, pp. 205-210, 1999.
  33. Hunter, G. R., Bryan, D. R., Wetzstein, C. J., Zuckerman, P. A., and Bamman, M. M, "Resistance training an intra-abdominal adipose tissue in older men and women", Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 1023-1028, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200206000-00019