• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2016

The automotive manufactures increase their use of lightweight materials to improve fuel economy and energy usage has a significant influence on the choice of developing materials. To meet this requirements manufacturers are replacing individual body parts with lightweight metals, for these the process treating and painting surfaces is changing. The pre-coated steels are newly developed to avoid the conventional complex and non-environmental painting process in the body-in-white car manufacturing. The development of new joining techniques is critically needed for pre-coated steel sheets, which are electrically non-conductive materials. In the present study, dissimilar combination of pre-coated steel and galvanized steel sheets were joined by the self-piercing rivet, adhesive bonding and hybrid joining techniques. The tensile shear test and free falling high speed crash test were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joints. The highest tensile peak load with large deformation was observed for the hybrid joining process which has attained 48% higher than the self-piercing rivet. Moreover, the hybrid and adhesive joints were observed better strain energy compared to self-piercing rivet. The fractography analyses were revealed that the mixed mode of cohesive and interfacial fracture for both the hybrid and adhesive bonding joints.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.874-885
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• 2013

This study analyzes the visage in fashion illustration based on the deconstructed visage of Francis Bacon's paintings as well as analyzes fashion illustration works since 2000. The deconstructed visages in Francis Bacon's paintings are classified as blurring, elimination, distortion and division. The expressive methods and meanings in fashion illustration (according to categorization) are as follow. Blurring shows an ambiguous visage organ by the sweeping of the brush, removal of a boundary among the visage, body and clothes, gradation of organic line like visage shapes, stretching of the a plat combined to visage and fragmentation of visage. It represents an uncertainty of the fashion theme and image interpretation, impossibility of figure by ambiguity, fantastic effect and the induction of the uncanny. Elimination shows the background color's painting of a photo-montage, overlap of a cutting of visage's part and background of a plat, elimination of the visage and the elimination of eyes, nose or lips. It represents a weakened identity, the reinforcement of anonymity, creation of a violent image, and uncanny unfamiliarity. Distortion shows a distorted visage by free drawing, and unconscious drawing line, fluid digital body, combination of an unconscious curve, and an eccentric combination of the accidental. It represents the relief of specialty about realistic existence, hypothetical immateriality and fantasy. Division shows overlapped visages with different angles, the weird combination of a plural visage and different species and a plural breakaway of direction, and the position of several organs. It represents motion by power's trace, non-territory of species, ambiguity and uncertainty and the uncanny.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2010

Chulwha pieces collected from Hakbong-ri site in Keryong mountain were studied whether there is reactions or not in each layer to investigate firing condition of glaze, body, Chulwha, engobe of Buncheong ware in the early Chosun Dynasty, 15th~16th Century. As a result of XRD analysis of a Chulwha piece, a main crystal phase was $\alpha$-Quartz and a second was Mullite. It was assumed the firing temperature would be around $1200^{\circ}C$ because a little amount of Mullite was formed in the body and there was no phase transition $\alpha$-Quartz to cristobalite. As a result of ICRM analysis, Chulwha and glaze didn't react and the melted glazes were sunk into the Chunwha particles. The thin layer of glaze was found on the Chulwha layer. As a result, the color of Chulwha layer always came to vivid black. Moreover, Chulwha painting didn't spread over the Buncheong ware, because Chulwha and engobe didn't react. The boundary interface of engobe and body was not clear because they had similar compositions. This shows engobe was composed of more $Al_2O_3$ than body.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2003

Stainless rolling stocks are usually fabricated by spot welding process without painting. Indentation on the surface of the car body after spot welding injures the beauty of the stainless rolling stocks. In this study, insulated electrode tips to reduce the indentation are developed and applied to the actual spot welding works. The developed tips are composed of head, neck, hole for cooling water, body and resistance material. They provide large surface contact area with the base materials during spot welding and enhance the current density by necking. Experimental results using the developed tips show that small indentation and sufficient tensile shear strength is produced due to large contact area and enhanced current density.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2017

This paper presents the motorcycle inspection standards of electrical system, frame & body, lights and speedometers. 187 real-world motorcycles are visually and mechanically inspected according to the developed inspection standards. The non-compliance rate of inspection standards of the lights is 23.7% and main causes are damage, tinting, painting and coloration of head-lamp, number plate lamp, front-rear position lights, stop lamp and direction indicators of motorcycles. Also, 28.4% of motorcycles are dropped from the luminous intensity inspection standard. Motorcycle electrical system cannot be visually inspected. The motorcycle inspections standards are improved reflecting 187 cases of real-world motorcycle inspection results.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2015

Typically, robot system configured by articulated robot manipulator with 1 DOF transfer unit is being applied in automotive manufacturing automation process. Especially, 1 DOF transfer unit is necessary to extend workspace of robot manipulator. In this configuration, because transfer unit works only one direction, robot manipulator only works in one side in case of car body painting or sealing automation process. it is necessary three robot manipulator system at least. In this paper, in order to robot manipulator works effectively in car body sealing automation application, we are suggested omni-directional manipulator system and conducted studying on redundancy resolution method to solve manipulability-optimal problem.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2022

We demonstrate a new double-layer structure for stretchable interconnects, where the top surface of a serpentine polyimide support is coated with a thin eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal layer. Because the liquid metal layer is constantly fixed on the solid serpentine body in this liquid-on-solid structure, the overall stretching is accomplished by widening the solid frame itself, with little variation in the total length and cross-sectional area of the current path. Therefore, we can achieve both invariant resistance and infinite fatigue life by combining the stretchable configuration of the underlying body with the freely deformable nature of the top liquid conductor. Further, we fabricated various types of double-layer interconnects as narrow as 10 ㎛ using the roll-painting and lift-off patterning technique based on conventional photolithography and quantitatively validated their beneficial properties. The new interconnecting structure is expected to be widely used in applications requiring high-performance and high-density stretchable circuits owing to its superior reliability and capability to be monolithically integrated with thin-film devices.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.431-445
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze and theorize the characteristics of femme fatale in fashion illustration since 1980. The method of this study was to analyze the documentaries for theoretical studies about femme fatale and the visual characteristics in fashion illustration works since 1980. The results of this study were as follows: Femme fatale expressed in the general realm of art was icon of fatal and seductive eroticism in late 19th century. She is composed of diverse images like mythology, exoticism, fear and sensuality. The characteristics of her image in fashion illustration were expressed into de-body image by union of animal and female body, or machine and female body, duplicity of death and sexuality, sexual decadence or abnormality and powerful masculine taste. First, de-body image by union of animal and female body, or machine and female body was expressed in transformed mythical image or bizarre and demonic image, grotesque image linked by picture of female body and painting of animal image, and cyborg image linked by machine and realistic female body by digital media. Second, duplicity of death and sexuality was expressed in juxtaposition by sexual pose, body and something metaphorical and symbolic depiction and de-constructive depiction of death. Third, sexual decadence or abnormality was expressed in fetishistic style, obscene depiction of cheap and hedonistic sexuality, masochistic depiction like antisocial and diseased sex appeal. Forth, powerful masculine taste was expressed in man's face, body, pose, masculine fashion, man's role related to crime and threatening weapon, etc. As mentioned above, femme fatale in fashion illustration was expressed in diverse images by fashion illustrator's point of view. Although she was originated by men's fantastic vision, she brings a catharsis to human being. And she is also recognized as new paradigm and positive cultural sign in our times.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1193-1204
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• 2011

As designs that simulate man's five wits are important, all five senses used are complex. Tactil value by Bernard Berenson means that the object in fine art makes the spectator feel like his or her finger is touching something, although the spectator is distant from the art piece. Especially as costumes have a relationship with the flexible skin and moving body, tactile modality and tactile value is more important. In order to analyze how Madeleine Vionnet realized a new femininity through the application of the principal of tactile value to dress design and in order to define tactile value in the field of fashion, this study examines the theory of tactile value, sculpture, painting, contemporary art, and product design as well as the design of Madeleine Vionnet from 1925 to 1937 because she was in the fashion business enlarging dress shops in New york during this period. The shape of Madeleine Vionnet's dresses made the concealed body alive through organic curves pressed against the body from cuts and dissections based on the anatomy of a supple body with curves and movement. In the garments, soft physical characteristics or the glossy touch of silk or pile textile imitated smooth skin while colors similar to a woman's eye, hair, and skin color continue the impression of the dress extending to the body through these design elements, Madeleine Vionnet's dresses reinforce the will to touch female body hidden under the dress by tactile values, not by the body's modification or visual exposure.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2006

20세기로 접어들면서 색채 연구는 호기심이나 미를 추구하는 대상에서 효과를 만드는 수단으로 소비 욕을 증폭시키며 발전하여왔다. 특히 컬러 방송이후 사람들은 컬러에 관심을 갖게 되어, 근래는 능동적인 결과의 표현으로서 디자인의 감성적 측면을 담당하는 중요한 역할로까지 확대되어 그 의미가 다양해지고 있다. 자동차 색채도 이러한 시대적 변화와 함께 발전되어 왔지만 1900년부터 1950년 반세기 동안은 세계대전과 경제성장의 과도기로 블랙이 주를 이루었으며, 이후 세계적 경제 고속화로 인해 자동차 생산이 늘어나면서 사람들에게 사용되는 상품 가운데 가장 고가품으로 성장하여 대량 생산을 위한 설비투자로 인해 기술적 평준화가 이루어졌다. 자동차 제조는 공정이 복잡하기 때문에 차체의 기계설비, 설계구성과 같은 하드부분을 변화시키기보다는 컬러, 소재와 같은 소프트 부분이 브랜드 아이덴티티를 발전적으로 변화시키는 용이한 방법이라는 인식이 자동차 제조사에 확산되면서 컬러 계획과 개발시스템이 다양한 각도로 세분화되었다. 세분화 경향 가운데 도료 기술과 도장 방법은 바디컬러에 영향을 주는 주요소로 다른 산업제품의 컬러 개발보다 기술적인 상관관계가 높다. 즉, 진보된 안료의 혼합으로 그동안 존재하지 않던 새로운 바디컬러가 등장하고 있으며, 이는 도장 구조와 도장 방법을 다변화시키는 요인으로서 바디컬러의 투명성과 깊이 감을 극대화하고 있기 때문이다. 이와 같이 향후는 기술적 요인과 상관관계가 높은 바디컬러의 증가가 예상되며, 자동차 수출지역의 확대로 글로벌경쟁에 대응하는 지역별 컬러 선호도 연구가 체계화되는 추세이다.보리고추장의 패키지로 한정하여 진행하였다. 본 논문은 조상의 문화와 전통이 쉼 쉬고 있는 농촌마을들을 개발 가능한 관광자원의 개념으로 파악, 연구 발전시켜 문화유산의 계승, 발전뿐만 아니라 농촌경제에 활력을 불어넣어 줄 수 있는 하나의 대안으로서의 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 이러한 선행연구를 기반으로 유사의 여러 발전적 연구가 진행된다면 농촌경제의 활성화에 따른 국가의 균형발전에 이바지하리라 기대한다. 비례를 발견할 수 있었다. 실질적으로 연구결과를 활용하기 위해서는 모바일 정보기기에서 표시창외에 입력장치를 위한 공간을 추가로 확보해야 한다는 사실을 감안하여 디자인 작업에 적용해야 할 것이다.초투자율, 손실계수, 큐리온도 등)으로 미루어보아 각종 microwave 통신기기 core 및 고 투자율 deflection yoke core 등으로 사용이 가능하다.의 쐐기를 사용할 때 MU값이 크다. 결론: 수집된 광자선 빔 데이터를 분석하여 빔데이터의 정확성과 치료계획용 시스템의 계산 정확성을 대략적으로 점검 할 수 있는 기준 값을 제시하였다.동결이 요구되며 본 연구에서 이용된 OPS 동결 방법이 폭넓게 활용될 것으로 사료된다.며 이 때가 최상의 교배 적기로 사료되며, 혈장 progesterone농도가 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가한 날(Bay 0)을 기준으로 하였을 때부터 CI는 혈장 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak 후 1일째인 최고치를 나타내었고, CI peak 후 1일째인 Day 0에 혈장 progesterone 농도가 최초로 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가하여 CI가