• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 1995

Many arthritis patients experience weakness of muscles in extremities mainly due to disuse atrophy and weight gain because of the limited activities and exercises. This study examines the effects of the 6-week aquatic-exercise program on the body fat and the muscle of the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Seventeen patients in the experimental group and 18 in the control group were assigned depending on their preference and physical condition. These patients had more than 3 points of pain out of 10, deformities in knee, wrist and ankle joints. The amount of aquatic exercise increases from 35 minutes in the first week to 60 minutes in the 6th week. In the resting period they discussed their own experiences about exercise, personal and family affairs, and performed some recreation programs in order to increase the self-efficacy and promote the relationship with other patients by the group activities. Skinfold thickness and circumferences of both extremities were measured before and after experiment to compare the difference. For testing the body fat Saham Model was used. Prior to the experiment two group's body weight, skinfold thickness and skin circumferences were not significantly different which indicates the homogeneity of two groups. Body weight and most parts of skinfold thickness of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group after 6-week aquatic exercise program. Circumference was not significantly lower than the control after the program. These findings indicate the in-crease of muscle sizes and the reduction of the body fat. Therefore a more active application of aquatic exercise into a variety of clients is strongly suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate recruiting order and onset time around shoulder muscle during the push-up according to the body tilting angle. METHODS: Twenty healthy young adult subjects were recruited for this study. They had no neurological and musculoskeletal disease. We used the sEMG for recording onset time of shoulder muscles. Shoulder Muscles were anterior deltoid(AD), posterior deltoid(PD), pectoralis major(PM), upper trapezius(UT). Body tilting angle were measured at 0 degree, 30 degree and 60 degree by using tilting table. Muscles contraction onset time were set by the push-up performed 3 times respectively. Mean of 3 measurements were used. And initiate onset time was decided by the Mean ${\pm}2$ SD in the threshold, more than 25ms. RESULTS: There were significant difference at 0 degree, 30 degree and 60 degree(p<.05). Muscles onset time were same order at 0 degree, 30 degree. UT occurred first of all contraction at 0 degree and 30 degree. And then contracted AD, PD, PM. But, at 60 degree, AD was the first contraction, and PM, UT, PD. CONCLUSION: Muscle recruitment order and onset time according to the body tilting was shown the difference when you do push-up. Therefore, this result, shoulder muscle recruitment pattern of according to the body tilting is different and it has to make effective shoulder exercise program.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of early body-weight-supported treadmill training on quadriceps strength, knee pain, and arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) after knee surgery. Methods: Sixteen adults were selected. Seven patients in the experimental group performed body-weight-supported treadmill training, and nine patients in the control group performed general therapeutic exercise programs. Both groups received 20 minutes of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and 20 minutes of exercise therapy for two weeks. We measured quadriceps strength, visual analogue scale, and modified AMI classification grade before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Within the experimental group, significant differences were observed in quadriceps strength, visual analogue scale, and modified AMI classification grade. Significant differences were observed between the before- and after-intervention groups in quadriceps strength and visual analogue scale. However, no significant differences were found in the modified AMI classification. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that early body-weight-supported treadmill training may be an effective intervention for improving strength, reducing pain, and addressing arthrogenic muscle inhibition following knee surgery.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was intended to investigate the effect on the body composition of the dormitory-type middle school students by implementing the complexed exercise program. Method: As subjects of the study, the dormitory-type middle school students in Chungbuk, divided into 2 grade experimental group(N=46), 3 grade control group(N=49). Group-specific arbitration method, was applied to complexed exercise program (experimental group) and running group (control group). Each training courses 30 minutes 5times weekly, examined the changes in body composition to examine a total of 6-week course effectively. Result: The results were compared with change of Height, Muscle mass, Fat mass, Lean body mass and BMI. Experimental group were significant(p<.05) compared to the control group. Height, Weight, Muscle mass, Fat mass, and BMI of control group wasn't significant(p>.05). Also there were significant difference(p<.05) between groups on Height, Muscle mass, Fat mass and Lean body mass post-test measure. Conclusion: Looking in total from the above results, it is suggested that it is possible to complexed exercise program 6 weeks improves body composition of the dormitory-type middle school students. Therefore, it is possible that the application of complexed exercise program is to effective in improvement of body composition of the dormitory-type middle school students.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an aquatic exercise program on physical fitness, body composition, and gait characteristics using trunk and pelvic angle in women living in urban fringe area. Methods: An aquatic exercise program consists of exercise in a swimming pool and self-help group activity with 16 women living in urban fringe (mean age: 63 years) for 8 weeks (twice a week for 2 hours). Physical fitness, body composition, trunk and pelvic angle using 2D video motion analyzer, and a questionnaire including socio-demographic variables were measured from July to August, 2013. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: At the end of 8 weeks intervention, there were significant decreases on body weight (p=.025), body fat (p=.030) and BMI (p=.011). There were significant increases on muscle strength (p=.001) and flexibility (p=.015). Trunk angle was significantly improved, which means participants less moved their body from side to side when they walked (p=.001). Conclusion: From this results, the aquatic exercise program could be an effective nursing intervention to improve physical fitness, body composition, and gait ability for women living in urban fringe area.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.553-563
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics (proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids and sensory properties) of whole body and dorsal muscle in olive flounder, which is switch size from juvenile to growing fed extruded pellets (EP) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) for 9 months. Sample was collected at 5 and 9 months to compare with those of EP and MP. Whole body crude protein of fish fed EP at 9 months was significantly higher than that of fish fed MP (P<0.05). Linolenic acid(18:3) and n-6/n-3 ratio in dorsal muscle of fish fed EP were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the results of the flavor, color, taste and texture of the muscle of the fish fed EP compared to those fed MP (P>0.05). Based on the experimental results, we concluded that olive flounder cultured with EP is not inferior to those fed MP for quality characteristics of whole body and muscle.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2003

The objective of this research is to provide basic data for improving athletic performances, suggesting methods that can be utilized at games and coaching movements in the snatch, by analyzing the level of contribution of muscles to the movements of the snatch lift through three-dimensional imaging and EMG analysis between skilled and unskilled lifters. To this end, three high school students (the skilled group), three middle school student (the unskilled group) were selected; two digital video cameras and electromyography were used. The muscles measured by an EMG include gastrocnemius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi muscle, trapezius muscle, and brachioradialis. Based on the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS) program, the results of the analysis are summarized as follows. 1. In performing snatch pulls, the skilled lifters were found to simultaneously move the weight centers of the body and the barbell close to vertical, close to the shoulders in the pulling portion; in snatching and grabbing the barbell from a sited position, it was observed that the shorter the time for adjusting to change in the height of the barbell by using rotational inertia, the better it is to perform the movements. 2. The skilled lifters were observed to perform stable and efficient movements in grabbing the bar in a sited position, by moving the barbell and weight center of the body close to vertical and moving the shoulder joint under the bar fast. 3. The results of the EMG analysis of the entire movements from the snatching portion to the portion of grabbing the bar in a sited position show that when the skilled lifters lifted the barbell vertically during the pulling portion, their shoulder joints were extended to put more weight on biceps femoris muscle and brachioradialis; and in snatching and grabbing the bar from a sited position, it was found desirable to increase the myoelectrical activity of erector spinae in order to achieve a balance in the movements of the hip joint between font and rear, as the weight centers of the body and the barbell move higher. On the other hand, the unskilled lifters were found that in response to change in posture, they increase their muscular strength inefficiently in performing the movements throughout the entire lifting process.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of daily exercise before steroid treatment on mass, the type I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content of hindlimb muscles in a rat model. Method: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group(n=10) that had a normal saline injection for 7days, a steroid group(n=10) that had a steroid injection for 7days, and an exercise-steroid group(n=10) that ran on the treadmill for 7days before a steroid treatment. Body weight and food intake were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Result: The exercise-steroid group showed significant increases as compared with the steroid group in body weight, muscle weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius, type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris, and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius. As compared with the control group, the steroid group showed significant decreases in body weight and diet intake, muscle weight, the type II fiber cross-sectional area and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Daily exercise before steroid treatment attenuates hindlimb muscle atrophy, with type II muscle changes more apparent than type I muscle changes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.301-315
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• 2000

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Rhythmical Exercise Program(REP) on physiological functions such as muscle strength, blood pressure, pulse, flexibility and body fat in the elderly. The research employed a non-equivalent control group pre-post test quasi experimental design. REP consisted of 45 minutes of dance, 3 times a week for 10 weeks. The formulated hypothesis were examined using the non-parametric statistics; Wilcoxon Signed rank sum test and Mann-Whitney test. The results are as follows; 1. The upper muscle strength and lower muscle strength of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the REP(P<.0 5). And the Period of REP affected the muscle strength; the longer the exercise period, the stronger the muscle strength became. 2. The systolic blood pressure of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group following the REP(p<.05). But there was no significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure between the experimental and control groups. The period of REP affected only systolic pressure; the longer the exercise period, the lower the systolic pressure became. 3. There was no significant difference in heart rate between the experimental and control groups, following the exercise period. 4. The flexibility of the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group following the REP(p<.01). And the period of REP affected flexibility; the longer the exercise period, the higher the flexibility(p<.05) became. 5. There was no significant difference of body fat between the experimental and control groups. The body fat of the experimental groups was significantly lower only 10 weeks after exercise(p<.01). Based on these results, it is suggested that rhythmical exercise program improves muscle strength, systolic pressure, and flexibility in the elderly.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1099-1103
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• 2005

This study aims to confirm the importance of behavior habit and exercise, especially leg exercise in obese. Out of 889 people, We divided Group A 50 (BMI<18.5), Group B 210 $(18.5{\leq}BMl<23)$, Group C 202 $(23{\leq}BMI<25)$, Group D212 $(25{\leq}BMI<30)$ and Group 1215 (30