• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to classify somatotype was obtained from the factor scores of the upper half of body and analyze the somatometric characteristics. The sample group was drawn from boys at the ages 9 to 10 living in Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do. Data from each boy comprised 36 anthropometric measurements and 7 photographic measurements. The study reached following conclusions. 1. According to the analysis to draw somatometric factors, seven indicative factors were obtained from measurements of the upper half of body. The most significant factor "sectional size" and the second most significant factor "longitudinal size" characterized most aspects of body shape. 2. According to the analysis of somatometric characteristics by the upper half of body, they were categorized into four types; Boys in type 1 had high stature, broadest shoulders, average frame, flattest chest and quite protruded shoulder blades and belly; boys in type 2 had shortest stature, smallest frame, most sloping shoulders and flattest shoulder blades and belly; boys in type 3 had quite corpulent with average stature, rising shoulders, most protruded chest and shoulder blades and belly of protrusion close to the average; boys in type 4 had highest stature, biggest frame, broad shoulders and back, and most protruded shoulder blades and belly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.45
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• pp.17-28
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• 1999

This study was to analyze factors of the body form and factors of bodice pattern through a surface developement figure for the tight bodice pattern design. Fifty replicas of the trunk surface were made by applying a surgical tape method of female subjects between 18 and 24 years old. The result was as follows: 1. The gaps between direct measurements and measurements of the surface development figure were regarded as allowances for the tight bodice pattern. 2. There are four factors of body form selected by factor analysis. The 1st factor signifies th degree of fatness in the upper body. The 2nd factor signifies the length of the upper body. The 3rd factor signifies the part of the front shoulder. The 4th factor signifies the part of the neck. 3. There are high correlations between center back line of the surface development figure and back length line side line front length line back neck depth back upper chest depth. There are high correlations between back bust line of the surface development figure and back interscye breadth line back upper chest line back armhole line. There are high correlations between front bust line of the surface development figure and front upper chest line front interscye breadth line front armhole line front neck breadth 4. The regression expressions of measurements of the surface development figure of the upper body were analyzed as(Fig. 3).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to classify the upper half of body somatotype and analyze the characteristics of each somatotype. The subjects of survey were 272 elementary school boys of 11 to 12 years old living in Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do. Datas were collected through 36 anthropometric measurements and 7 photographic measurements. They were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance. The results of the study were as follows : 1. According to the factor analysis. seven factors were extracted from measurements of the upper half of body and those factors comprised 79.62% of total variance. Specially factor 1 was characterized sectional size and factor 2 was characterized longitudinal size comprised 58.83% of total variance. 2. According to the cluster analysis, the upper half of body somatotype was classified four types : Boys in type 1 had quite high stature and big frame, broadest and most sloping shoulders, flattest chest and belly, quite protruded shoulder blades boys in type 2 had quite short stature and small frame, quite broad and most rising shoulder, most protruded belly, quite protruded shoulder blades boys in type 3 had shortest stature, smallest frame, narrowest and quite rising shoulders, most protruded chest, flattest shoulder blade and quite flat belly : boys in type 4 had highest stature, biggest frame, most protruded shoulder blades and quite protruded chest and belly.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.502-517
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• 2008

The purpose of the study lies in the measurements of breast shapes and upper body types for the women in their 40's, with the use of 3D measurement system, and in the presentation of brassiere patterns fit for their body types. As for the study method, 3D human body types were analyzed with RapidForm 2006, and the upper-body types and breast shapes were statistically classified through technical statistics analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, variance analysis, and cross analysis. The wearing tests went through the comparison of the brassieres of three makers in the market and the experiment brassieres(first and second) and then the evaluations were made by the subjects, the outer appearance assessment by experts, and 3D measurements. The findings of the study indicated that the evaluation of experiment brassieres was excellent in every item, and he significant difference was found out particularly in the items of pressure, rear center, front center, breast underneath, adequate level by wing, and adequate level by armhole. According to the results of 3D evaluation, experiment brassieres had a highest point in fitness with no physical pressure at the wing part and no overall deviation at the cup art. The pattern comparison showed the differences in the parts of total cup angle, cup circumference length, lower cup height, wing length, and wing angle.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2006

1. Objectives The body shape is an important standard for the classification of Sasang Constitutions. Using physical measure­ments and statistical analysis we can understand it's characteristic objectively. 2. Methods In this study, we have measured body circumferences and widths of 562 patients who were treated with Sasang Constitutional medicine. Their anthropometric data were transformed into the ratio based on Sasang Constitutional medicine. 3. Results (1) Taeyangin female's ratio of iliac width to chest width was most large, but Taeyangin male's was most small. (2) Soyangin's ratios of axillary width to waist width and chest width to iliac width were large. that is, their uppor body was large and lower body was small. (3) Taeumin's ratios of head and neck circumference to body circumference were small. the ratio of waist width to axillary width was most large. (4) Soeumin's ratio of head circumference to waist circumference was most large. and their uppor and lower body was larger than middle body. (5) Irrespective of Sasang Constitutions, male's ratios of axillary width to waist width and chest width to iliac width were larger than female's. 4. Conclusions From the above results, when we classify Sasang Constitutions using physical measurements we must consider gender differences and characteristics of Sasang Constitutional body shape.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to study real body size and ideal body shape by considering the degree of satisfaction of body part and understanding body size by the degree of leanness/obesity. The subjects in this study were 420 males from 18 to 25 years old. Body measurements and surveys were taken and analyzed by mean, standard variation, correlation analysis, regression analysis, crosstabulation analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's Test. The results of analyses indicate that the subjects tended to be satisfied with thick chest and upper limbs, wide shoulder width, and preferred to be tall and have big hands and feet. By cluster analysis of 19 variables, the subjects were divided into 4 groups, each consisting 41, 138, 134, and 47 males. Because the 19 variables were body measurements transformed to eliminate the body size factor, this classification was considered to express how lean or how obese a human body appears. The results of one way ANOVA and Duncan's Test indicate that, according to the degree of leanness/obesity from Group I (lean tendency) to Group IV(obese tendency), characteristics of the body shape changed as follows; height became lower, limbs became shorter, trunk and limbs became thicker and weight became heavier. Also it showed that Group IV were most satisfied with chest girth, upper limb girth and shoulder width and Group I with height, hip girth and waist girth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 1994

The purpose of the study is to investigate the actual conditions of ready-to-wear Hanbok and is to establish the standard sizes for the women's ready-to-wear Hanbok. Twelve ready-to-wear Hanbok shops were investigated for the actual survey. Body measurements were taken from May to June, 1990 from 329 female college students living in the Seoul and Buchon. The ages of the subjects were 18"26. Thirty seven measurements were taken from each subject and analized for the results. Data were analized by factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results were as follows ; 1. As a result of the actual survey, the situation of the quality label was not enough. The size classification was not unified, and was not trusted statistically, it cannot satisfied consumers. 2. Factor analysis identified the two dimensions of body measurements 1 one was relevant to the height measurements including stature and to the length measurements of limbs, and the other was relevant to the trunk girth measurements and the limbs girth measurements. 3. because of plane construction of Hanbok, employed in this thesis was bl-dimensional sizing system using two controle dimensions including height factor(stature) and girth factor(bust girth) . 4. The Multiple regression formula was developed for estimating secondary dimensions of Hanbok Construction, in which stature and bust girth were posited as independent variables. 5. As a results, about 88.6371 of expected distribution were covered by 9 sizes, which were used as the basis for defining sizing system for Hanbok construction.tion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2012

This study establishes the initial data to develop a well-fitted underwear pattern by categorizing and analyzing torso types based on body measurements of women in their 50s and 60s. The results are as follows: First, the statistical assessment on the body measurements showed meaningful differences among age groups in twenty seven items (except for bust breadth, hip width armscye depth, hip depth, neck base circumference, armscye circumference, chest circumference, hip circumference, bishoulder length, shoulder length, front interscye, back interscye, weight and inclined angle of left shoulder). Women in their early 50s and late 60s (respectively) showed the highest values in height and depth. Second, there are five body factors according to the results of the factor analysis: Factor 1 (circumference, width, and depth of upper body measurements) - the degree of body depth and obesity, Factor 2 (height and vertical length) - The vertical torso length, Factor 3 - the size of shoulder, Factor 4 - the vertical upper body length, and Factor 5 - the size of shoulder angle. Third, the results of the cluster analysis showed that there are four distinctive body types. The largest number of the study subjects was related to Type 3 (30.69%), followed by Type 2 (26.78%), Type 1 (25.84%), and Type 4 (16.69%), respectively. For distribution of age groups by body type, Type 3 was the most common among the 60s group while Type 2 appeared most frequently among the 50s.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.726-736
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• 2015

The apparel industry has recently been recognizing the important target market of middle-aged women. The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric characteristics of US women of 46 to 65 years of age and identify distinctive body shape characteristics of US middle-aged women. A total of 1915 middle-aged women whose ages ranged from 46 to 65 were selected from the SizeUSA database. The age range was divided into two groups: 46-55 and 56-65. Twenty-four body measurements important for apparel development were chosen. Four factors-Girth Factor, Height Factor, Hip Drop Factor, and Bust Drop Factor-accounted for the US middle-aged women's body measurements. The body shapes were classified into four body shapes, which were Y-Shape in the overweight range, S-Shape in the overweight range, H-Shape in the overweight range, and the A-Shape in obese range. H-Shape, which was the least-defined waist in relation to the bust and hips with a short height, existed more in older middle-aged women than in younger middle-aged women. Y-Shape, S-Shape, and A-Shape existed more in the group of younger middle-aged women than in the group of older middle-aged women. In addition, compared with the younger middle-aged women, older middle-aged women had narrower shoulders, a larger waist, thinner legs, and a longer distance between side neck to bust point. The findings from the current study may be applied in the apparel industry for developing clothing sizing systems for US middle-aged women.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2010

Digital technology introduced into the clothing and fashion industry is evolving to digital virtual fashions and consumer-centered mass-customized production systems. Today the application of such 3D virtual try-on systems is being expanded gradually in the clothing industry. This study purposed to make virtual avatars and virtual garments using OptiTex and V-stitcher virtual software and compared the appearance of the virtual garments put on the virtual avatars. For this, we created virtual avatars and virtual garments using body measurements obtained from jive subjects of top jive body shapes, respectively, using $[TC]^2$ body scanner. According to the results of comparing the outcomes of the two different virtual software systems, virtual avatar II of V-Stitcher tended to have a more round and lifted hip and the waist line at a higher position. In addition, the body curves and shapes of a virtual avatar affect the appearance of virtual garments. This study applied the same body measurements to virtual avatars and the same pattern to virtual garments, but when different kinds of virtual software were used, the virtual avatars and virtual garments showed different appearance and fit. This result may mean that when customers buy apparel products using different kinds of virtual try-on systems, their evaluation of appearance can vary depending on the virtual try-on system. Therefore, research needs to be made actively for the development and use of linkage programs that can reflect actual body measurements between virtual software systems and 3D body scanning systems.