• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.70-81
• /
• 2017

Various components of an engine nozzle are modeled as flexible multi-body components that are operated under high temperature and pressure. In this paper, in order to predict complex behavior of an engine nozzle, thermo-fluid-flexible multi-body dynamics coupled analysis framework was developed. Temperature and pressure on the nozzle wall were obtained by the steady-state flow analysis for a two-dimensional nozzle. The pressure and temperature-dependent material properties were delivered to the flexible multi-body dynamics analysis. Then the deflection and strain distribution for a nozzle configuration was obtained. Heat conduction and thermal analyses were done using MSC.NASTRAN. The present framework was validated for a simple nozzle configuration by using a one-way coupled analysis. A two-way coupled analysis was also performed for the simple nozzle with an arbitrary joint clearance, and an asymmetric flow was observed. Finally, the total strain result for a realistic nozzle configuration was obtained using the one-way and two-way coupled analyses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.187-190
• /
• 1976

In order to approximate plasma volume, extracellular fluid volume and total body water volume of Korean native goats, measurements were made of the volumes of distribution of Evans blue, potasium thiocyanate and antipyrine. The results obtained in this work were summarized as follows: 1. Plasma volume showed a range of 50 to 72ml/kg with a mean of $62{\pm}6.2ml/kg$ (SD). 2. Blood volume showed a range of 69 to 98ml/kg with a mean of $85{\pm}7.9ml/kg$. 3. Extracellular fluid volume showed a range of 265 to 310ml/kg with a mean of $297{\pm}18.3ml/kg$. 4. Interstitial fluid volume showed a range of 204 to 261ml/kg with a mean of $236{\pm}16.8ml/kg$. 5. Intracellular fluid volume showed a range of 380 to 436ml/kg with a mean of $420{\pm}12.6ml/kg$. 6. The volume of total body water showed a range of 680 to 735ml/kg with a mean of $714{\pm}17.7ml/kg$.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2007

This study purposed to evaluate a $CellPrep^{(R)}$ (CP) of liquid-based cytology (LBC) to search for a less expensive and automated alternative cytologic preparation technique applicable to usually encountered cytologic specimens. Cervicovaginal direct-to-vial split samples from 457 gynecologic patients, 40 body fluid samples, and 34 urine samples were processed with the CP technique and the results were compared with those of currently used $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ (TP) method. Both CP and TP methods provide evenly distributed thin layers of cells with little cellular overlaps or significant obscuring elements in most of cases. Staining quality of both preparations showed a little difference due to the difference of fixative solutions without significant distractions in cytologic interpretation. On the supposition that TP was a gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CP cytology were 89%, 98%, 86%, and 99% in the cervicovaginal smear, 89%, 82%, 80%, and 90% in body fluid, and all of these values were 100% in urine samples. To testify the availability of immunohistochemistry on CP preparations, cytokeratin, vimentin, and Ki-67 were applied on body fluid specimens, and all of these antibodies were specifically stained on targeted cells. Conclusively, the CP method gave comparable results to those of TP in terms of smear quality and cytologic diagnostic evaluation, and was available on immunohistochemistry. The CP method could offer a cost-effective and automated alternative to the current expensive techniques of liquid-based cytology on popular cytologic materials including cervicovaginal, body fluid, and urine specimens.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of occupational blood and body fluid exposure for operating room personnel during surgical procedures and identify risk factors. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used to survey 519 operating room personnel who participated in 132 surgeries in an acute care hospital in Seoul between April 12 and 20, 2006. Results: The response rate was 82% (530/646) and analyzed total 519 except for improper 11 questionnaires. Exposure rate was 45.5% (60/132) during operations and 20.4% (106/519) for operating room personnel. By job categories, the exposure rate was as follows; anesthesiologists and nurses 31.2% (44/141), operators and assistants 22.1% (32/145), circulating nurses 12.0% (11/92), scrub nurses 11.4% (14/123). The mucous membrane-eye exposure with a high risk of transmitting infection was 6.6% (7/106) and the most frequent route of exposure was blood and body fluid touching unprotected skin. In multivariate analysis, the risk factors of exposure were services, duration of operation, a patient who had a peripheral arterial catheter line, and job category. Conclusion: Educational programs and appropriate use of personal protective equipment are necessary to prevent operating room personnel from being exposed to blood and body fluid.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2009

This article describes the numerical investigation of blood flow in the stenosed artery bifurcation with acceleration of the human body. Using the commercial software FLUENT, three-dimensional analyses were performed for six simulation cases with different body accelerations and bifurcation angles. The blood flow was considered to be pulsation flow, and the blood was considered to be a non-Newtonian fluid based on the Carreau viscosity model. In order to consider periodic body acceleration, a modified, time-dependent, gravitational-force term was used in the momentum equation. As a result, flow variables, such as flow rate and wall shear stress, increase with body acceleration and decrease with bifurcation angle. High values of body acceleration generate back flow during the diastolic period, which increases flow fluctuation and the oscillatory shear index at the stenosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.26-29
• /
• 2015

A laboratory experiment was carried out to observe and visualize ventilated supercavitation phenomena around a moving underwater body which is attached to a newly designed high-speed (Max. 20 m/s) carriage system in a wave tank. Compared to the existing many other experimental studies using cavitation tunnels, where the body is at rest and the fluid is in motion in a bounded or closed environment, the present experimental study deals with super-cavity formation in unbounded or free-surface bounded environments, where the body is in motion and the fluid is at rest. Main attention is paid to the effective visualization of the steady-state cavity formations around a moving body and, those cavity formations are reported pictorially according to the body speed, ventilated air-pressure, and with or without a cavitator.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 1998

Mutant form of the p53 gene product is abnormally accumulated in the nuclei of the tumor cells due to prolonged half life, and readily detected by immunohistochemical methods. To determine the positivity rate of p53 in body cavity fluid according the primary site and histological types of tumors and the utility of p53 immunostaining as an adjunct in the diagnosis of malignancy, we reviewed 69 effusions, including pleural effusion, ascitic fluid, and pericardial fluid, that were diagnosed as overt malignancy and 21 effusions of suspicious malignancy, immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded cell blocks using a monoclonal antibody to p53 supressor gene product(Clone DO7) and a standard avidin-biotin complex technique with a citrate buffer antigen retrieval solution. The results were as follows; of the 46 pleural effusions with overt malignancy, 22 were immunopositive for p53 protein; of the 21 ascitic fluids with overt malignancy, 5 were positive for p53. Positivity rates according to the primary sites of tumors were 18 of 34(52.9%), 8 of 21(38.1%), 1 of 9(11.1%) cases of the tumors of the lung, GI tract, and ovary, respectively. According to the histologic types of lung cancer, 11 cases(61.6%) were positive out of 18 adenocarcinomas, 2 of 5 large cell undifferentiated carcinomas, and 1 of 2 small cell undifferentiated carcinomas. Of 21 cases of suspicious malignancy, 6 were positive for p53 and all of them(6/6) were confirmed as adenocarcinoma of the lung or GI tract. These findings indicate that p53 immunostaining using paraffin embedded cell block is useful diagnostic and prognostic marker in body fluid cytology although negative immunostaining does not exclude malignancy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.7 no.9
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 1999

Under magnetism , as the magneticfluid is being itself magnetized, increase the apparent viscosity because of its body force and has the magnetic characteristics in response ot magnetism, the magnetic fluid is getting attention in various field. The magnetic fluid has the fluidity, which is a special characteristics of fluid and the magneticism , which is a special one of solid. Using this characteristics, this study has been proceeded to show the basic data for developing of a viscous damper with magnetism fluid as hydraulic fluid. Experimental study shows that the application of magnetic field is effective reducing the resonance characteristics of the spring-mass system.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.511-519
• /
• 2003

A stratified flow is simulated using the finite difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM). The effect of body force (gravity) in a simple one-dimensional model with the lattice BGK 9 velocity is examined. The effect of body force in the compressible fluid is greatly different from that of the incompressible fluid In a compressible fluid under gravitational force, the density stratification is not sufficient and the entropy stratification is essential. The numerical simulation of a line sink compressible stratified flow in two-dimensional channel is also carried out. The results show that selective withdrawal is established when the entropy of the upper part increases. and the simulated results using FDLB method are satisfactory compared with the theoretical one.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.186-194
• /
• 2011

This study performed the numerical analysis of the internal nozzle flows including cavitation phenomena by using the automated body-fitted grid generator and the multi-fluid model. The effect of grid refinement and the validation of multifluid model were investigated using four computational meshes under two test conditions. The mesh #3 was chosen as the optimum which can reduce the computational time and have good prediction ability to identify the cavitation region simultaneously. In addition, the computed results using multi-fluid model were compared with the reference experimental observations and numerical simulation results using homogeneous equilibrium model. From the distribution of volume fraction and velocity field, the multi-fluid model predicted the internal nozzle flows well when the liquid quality parameters were selected as $1.0{\times}10^{12}$ for initial number density and 25 ${\mu}m$ for bubble diameter.