• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1127-1137
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• 2010

As directly imported apparel brands are actively entering the domestic market, studies of the marketing aspects of these imported apparel products and their overall consumption trend have been done. However, studies of whether are not the directly imported apparel products provide Korean consumers with an appropriate fit are not as common. Therefore, this study investigates the satisfaction with and problems associated with the fit along with the recognition of and preference for directly imported US apparel brands. 100 female college students who purchased directly imported US apparel brands participated in a survey. The results of this survey showed that their recognition of, preference for, possession rate of and satisfaction with the directly imported US apparel brands tend to be high. The major purchasing motivations were the excellent 'design' and 'color' of the products. The subjects reported that they were satisfied with the quality of 'materials' and 'sewing condition'. However, they were not satisfied with the 'comfort' or the 'size'. Their level of satisfaction with the fit of these products differed depending on the specific item. Their level of satisfaction with the fit of T-shirts and knits was high, whereas the level for pants was relatively low. They complained mostly about the sleeve length and garment length of upper-body garments and coats. They were not satisfied with how the pants fit. The areas of dissatisfaction regarding the pants were the waist girth, the crotch length and the pants length.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.402-410
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• 2016

Background In an increasing number of lawsuits doctors lose, despite providing preoperative patient education, because of failure to prove informed consent. We analyzed judicial precedents associated with insufficient informed consent to identify judicial factors and trends related to aesthetic surgery medical litigation. Methods We collected data from civil trials between 1995 and 2015 that were related to aesthetic surgery and resulted in findings of insufficient informed consent. Based on these data, we analyzed the lawsuits, including the distribution of surgeries, dissatisfactions, litigation expenses, and relationship to informed consent. Results Cases were found involving the following types of surgery: facial rejuvenation (38 cases), facial contouring surgery (27 cases), mammoplasty (16 cases), blepharoplasty (29 cases), rhinoplasty (21 cases), body-contouring surgery (15 cases), and breast reconstruction (2 cases). Common reasons for postoperative dissatisfaction were deformities (22%), scars (17%), asymmetry (14%), and infections (6%). Most of the malpractice lawsuits occurred in Seoul (population 10 million people; 54% of total plastic surgeons) and in primary-level local clinics (113 cases, 82.5%). In cases in which only invalid informed consent was recognized, the average amount of consolation money was KRW 9,107,143 (USD 8438). In cases in which both violation of non-malfeasance and invalid informed consent were recognized, the average amount of consolation money was KRW 12,741,857 (USD 11,806), corresponding to 38.6% of the amount of the judgment. Conclusions Surgeons should pay special attention to obtaining informed consent, because it is a double-edged sword; it has clinical purposes for doctors and patients but may also be a litigation strategy for lawyers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.93-110
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• 2001

The present study attempted to compare the behavioral patterns and attitudes of American and Korean female students toward apparel ads in magazines in relation to their physical self-concept. The study used a self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 730 female students majoring in the fields related to clothing and textiles : 310 American students at six colleges and universities located in the west, northeast and southwest parts of the U.S., and 412 Korean students at four Seoul-based universities. Likert scales were used for most measures with 1=never or very unimportant and 5 =always or very important. Physical self-concept was measured on the basis of W. S. Jung's Standardized Self-concept Test and Tennessee Self-concept Scale. Surreys were back translated for validity. Percentage, t-test, Contingency Tables and Chi-square were used for the analysis of the data. Results are as follows : (1) Korean students read more magazines than U.S. students, however, Vogue was the most popular for both groups. (2) Those with a high sense of Physical self-concept read more magazines. for both countries. (3) American students'attitudes toward apparel ads in magazines were similar, regardless of whether their sense of physical self-concept was high or low. For Koreans, those with higher sense of physical self-concept showed greater interest in magazine ads, consulted magazines for fashion trends, found ads more useful, and more often expressed satisfaction with the ads, than the lower self-concept group. (4) Korean students cited a lack of information in ads while American students felt body types of models were unrealistic. Both Koreans and Americans in the higher self-concept group expressed a greater level of dissatisfaction with apparel ads in magazines. (5) Advertisers should attempt to again a deeper understanding of the socio-psychological characteristics of their readership as self-concept appears to be related to several magazine readership attitudes and behaviors. Magazines targeting Americans might consider the importance of coordination and merchandising. Apparel ads targeting Korean should consider the importance of company ads.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.52-57
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• 1996

Mixing is most important for developing an electric washer which transforms angular momentum from rotating solid wall to laundry clothes inside it. For magnification of this mixing effect, some inventions are introduced to washing machine system, i. e., washing plate, washing rod, and even for washing cap in a model of a Korean manufacture. However, the previous efforts show dissatisfaction up till now. In this paper, a triumph to enhance mixing effects to increase washing performance is presented and verified by numerical investigation. The present model to simulate a washing tub is the simple circular cylinder with two endwall disks which is completely filled with a viscous liquid. The present improvement is to change mounting position of a bottom disk of the model cylinder. Therefore, the aim of this work just proposes a new idea, which is numerically inspected, to a producer of washing machine, In detail, this invention is alternating the mounting position of a rotating bottom disk. Actually skewed pulsator is placed in steady of a flat disk, so the two endwall disks at top and bottom are not in parallel. The angle between an inclined bottom disk and the horizontal plane is fixed as 5 degree and physical domain to consider poses a sliced cylinder. Flow fields in both a right circular cylinder and the present improved model are fully depicted by numerical integration on a body fitted nonorthogonal regular uniform grid system. Numerical data to explain flow structure are plotted for understanding of the effects of the inclined disk. Also enhanced mixing effects by the inclined rotating disk are gauged by accurate numerical data used in this work.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data necessary for the effective performance of administrative readjustment and demend and suppley medical care service by of analysing the extent of satisfaction of outpatient toward hospital. The subjects of this study are the 832 outpatients (398 male and 434 female) visit to 2 different university hospital in Seoul. The data were collected through self-administered techniques with a structured questionnaire from Oct.21 to Nov. 9, 1982. All the collected data were analyzed by means of percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results were as follows: 1. Those who are between :30 and 39 of age constitute the largest part of them as being 31.7 percent of the whole body. 40.0 percent of them graduated from the college and they take the lergest part of those who answered the questionnaire. 43.3 percent of the patients visit to the hospital by the reason for the reputation of a doctor and they take the largest part of the subjects. 2. The extent of satisfaction for hospital system. The mean extent of satisfaction for hospital system was revealed 2.50 scores, which is evaluated to neutral. The mean extent of satisfaction for waiting time of prescribed medicine presented 1.51 scores, the lowest among the component of hospital system, which is evaluated to high dissatisfaction. 3. The extent of satisfaction for the environment and facilities of hospital. The mean extent of satisfaction for the environment and facilities of hospital was revealed 3.08 scores, which is evaluated to moderate satisfaction. 4. The extent of satisfaction for doctor and other hospital employees. The mean extent of satisfaction for doctor and other hospital employees was revealed 3.05 scores which is evaluated to moderate satisfaction. The mean extent of satisfaction for doctor presented 3.39 scores, the highest among the components of doctor and other hospital employees. 5. The extent of satisfaction for charge of hospital. The mean extent of satisfaction for charge of hospital was revealed 2.74 scores, which is evaluated to neutral. 6. The extent of whole satisfaction for hospital. The mean extent of whole satisfaction for hospital was revealed 2.84 scores which is evaluated to neutral.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study was to research and develop a Pattern of tight Pants, featuring excellent appearance, movement and suitability for the lower body, which are widely used as a basic item for modem dance, aerobic dance and dance sports, and to provide manufacturing data for the pants. This study was carried out with 118 People who majored in dance, using questionnaires asking questions about their understanding and preference of dancewear The experimental dancewear was produced, using 5 kinds of patterns for tight pants on the market, to find out the most excellent pattern in appearance and movement performance. Then, the most excellent pattern was again improved to produce a pattern for this study. The result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. Regarding shops where they purchased dancewear exclusive shops accounted for 97%, their average price was ￦30,000 to ￦50,000(51%), and dancewear separated between the upper and lower halves was most preferred(56%). Cotton span was preferably used for a dancewear material(71%), and their dissatisfaction of a fit accounted for 38% which appeared to be highly unsatisfied with its suitability. 2. When S types of experimental dancewear prepared with a comparative pattern were tested by the senses, it was shown that the comparative pattern of experimental wear number 5 with a strip w3s excellent in movement functions and appearance. 3. The basic items necessary to design the tight pants' study pattern were categorized into waist circumference, hip circumference, crotch depth and slacks length. The shrinkages of 15% in width, 10% in crotch length md 20% in inside leg length were applied, respectively, referring to previous studies and the experimental dancewears' comparative patterns. 4. When the improved study pattern for this study was tested by the senses, it showed higher scores in movement functions and appearance than the comparative pattern did, which confirmed the study pattern's improvement of functions and appearance.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 2002

This study conducted a questionnaire survey of family restaurant employees in Seoul on their satisfaction and preference in working uniforms, and analysed the result to suggest adequate designs to serve the purposes of uniforms. The result is as follows - First, many pointed out a need to improve generally showing a low satisfaction with varying degrees according to sexes and ages. More women complained about colors, designs, materials and sizes than men did, and young employees in their twenties wanted better designs, colors and sizes in the order while those in their thirties and forties were dissatisfied mostly with materials. The need fur the improvement was focused on function and designs, and as for uniform materials, perspiration absorbency had the highest level of dissatisfaction. Second, about 40% of the respondents said the skirt width, pants length, and sleeve width were trio small or too big, therefore it is vital to improve uniform sizes. Third, the employees on duty felt uncomfortable mostly when they sat, and the neck and armhole parts were the most uncomfortable. The most easily tainted parts were in the order of the collar, front hem, and sleeve seam for upper garments, and the hip, bottom hem, and pleats for lower ones. Therefore it is required to develop functional uniforms considering the body features and momentum. Fourth, the most preferred material was that guaranteed easy movement and good air-permeability, and colors were in the order of white, beige and black for upper garments, and black, beige and blue for lower ones. And plain, natural and stripped patterns were preferred by both men and women. As seen so far, restaurant employees were mostly dissatisfied with the design, movement, and function of their uniforms demanding functional ones made of better and comfortable material. Uniform designs were suggested based on the analysis of the demonstrative rese.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1015-1025
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• 2002

This study is aimed at investigating and developing the use and sizing system of the apparels listed in on-line and catalog shopping in Korea. This is a basic study for an apparel sizing system to be developed, which could be used to approach consumers more easily and provide improved fitness and accuracy in terms of size and style of apparels for fashion E-commerce. A survey was conducted among the consumers who are more than 18-years-old and purchased more than two times the apparels listed in on-line and catalog shopping of two selected catalog shopping enterprises, and its statistical results are analysed from 281 respondents' questionnaires. The results of the study are as follows: 1. According to the result of the survey on the use and sizing system of the apparels listed in. on-line and catalog shopping, the consumers who purchased once apparels continue doing so in the same manner. A catalog shopping is the most preferred form of shopping. The most dissatisfying part in purchasing apparels is a poor quality of 'texture', and the second biggest problem is about 'size'About 51.2 percent of the apparels were not worn or even returned, while the top reason for that is 'Inappropriate size' and 'color', and 'texture'comes next on the list. 2. According to the survey on the recognition-rate concerning common' body size, most respondents were aware of their height and weight, and So percent of respondents said that they were aware of their waist circumference. But, chest circumference and hip circumference were recognized only by 58.4 percent and 35.6 percent of respondents, respectively. 3. According to the survey on difference between men and women, the male consumers have less aware of hip circumference than the female counterparts. The females have much more dissatisfaction with apparel sizing system and show higher return-rate of purchased apparels than the males.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess whether individuals who visit clinics to ask medical help for obesity treatment depict comparable levels of depression, body dissatisfaction, eating psychopathology and lower quality of life. Methods : This is a cross sectional study with 534 females who sought treatment for their obesity or overweight being recruited in seven clinical units in Seoul, Korea. The patients group was divided into two groups. The group 1 consisted of the patients with BMI >$25\;kg/m^2$. The women who showed BMI ${\leq}\;25\;kg/m^2$ among patients recruited for this study were classified as the group 2. The control group (group 3) was composed of 398 healthy females who have never tried to lose weight. Results : We found that group 1 had higher frequency of more than moderate level of depression than group 2 and group3 did. Both patients groups showed greater eating disordered attitudes and behaviors regardless of obese condition than the control group. Group1 showed relatively lower level of quality of life than group2 and group3 in terms of the quality of life related to physical well-being. In addition, the control group reported higher quality of life in psychological health than both patients groups did. Conclusions : In conclusion, it is necessary for clinicians to make a careful evaluation of depressive tendency and eating disorders when obese women seek for medical help. The combination of medical treatment and psychological approach for obese women would result in higher quality of life.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric features of the Korean version of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale-the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (K-EDDS DSM-5). Methods : A total of 72 patients diagnosed with eating disorders participated in the study. The diagnosis was based on the Korean version of the Eating Disorder Examination (KEDE) interview. All participants completed the K-EDDS and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire version 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) for this study. The psychometric features of the K-EDDS were examined using exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity of agreement between the K-EDDS and the KEDE, and internal consistency. Results : The exploratory factor analysis initially extracted 6-factor structures which were reconstructed into 4 factors of body dissatisfaction, binge behavior, binge frequency, and compensatory behavior based on appropriateness of the items. The internal consistency of the K-EDDS was fairly acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=0.72). The diagnostic agreement between the K-EDDS and the KEDE was high (98.61%). The 4 factors of the K-EDDS showed significant correlation with the 4 subscales of the EDE-Q 6.0. Conclusion : Our data suggests that the K-EDDS is a reliable and valid tool for the diagnosis of eating disorders based on the DSM-5.