• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
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• pp.1316-1328
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in recognition of sexy body parts and apparel designs by gender and correlations between sexy body parts and apparel designs. Data were collected through a survey of 265 males and 303 females. Data were analyzed by included t-tests, f-tests, and Pearson's correlations. The results were as follows: 1. Females found male body parts were sexier than males did. Males found female body parts were sexier than females did. 2. Females found men's clothing designs were sexier than males did. Also, males recognized women's clothing designs as sexier than females did. 3. Males found see-through and body-consciousness, the methods of designing sexy styles, were sexier than females did. Differences in sexy color recognition by gender were also found. 4. There were correlations between most of sexy body parts and designs which emphasized that body parts. The results of this study shows the differences in recognition and correlation by gender. The results may be applied to develope sexy designs for different genders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.718-726
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to investigate the interaction effect of garment formality, Yin -Yang level, and body type of children on impression formation. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli (8 color photographs) and a response scale (34 bipolar adjectives) and the subjects were 267 elementary school teachers in Taejon area who were responsible for the first grade students. Results were as follows; The 3 independent variables showed significant effects on impression of the 4 factors (sociability, potency, dynamics, cooperation) of impression. Since body type had interaction effects with garment formality and subject's gender, the two body types were separately analyzed. For the normal body type, only the garment formality affected on impression of cooperation factor But for the large body type, garment formality affected on impression of potency dimension, garment Yin-Yang level affected on social and dynamics dimension, and subject's gender affected on social and cooperation dimensions. The body type was the most salient variables and clothing effects for the large body type was significantly different for the normal body type. It is concluded that the results support the cognitive categorization theory on impression formation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 2007

The current study was conducted to determine the optimum length of feed withdrawal for pre-harvest broilers. A total of three hundred broilers were sampled from an industrial population, and 30 chicks for each weight group (e.g., 1.5 and 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. Weight loss, yield, muscle pH, objective meat color and weights of gastro intestinal contents, crop, gizzard, provenriculus, small intestine, caecum, and rectum were determined. Live weight loss was significantly (p<0.05) increased as length of feed withdrawal extended. A significant (p<0.05) carcass yield for both 1.5 and 2.5 kg groups coincided after 9 and 6 h feed withdrawal, respectively. Net weights of intestinal contents for crop and gizzard were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 6 h, and the reduction for proventriculus and small intestine occurred from 3 h. A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on pH for breast muscle at 3 h postmortem occurred only when chicks were fasted for 3 h of which pH (6.05) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for other groups including the control (5.74). There was a linear tendency of higher lightness (Hunter L* value) numerically for chicks fasted for longer periods. The highest coefficient of determinations of regression models to estimate weight loss as a function of fasting period and body weights were achieved, when the models included both linear and quadratic terms for fasting period, and linear term for both 1.5 ($R^2=0.76$) and 2.5 kg ($R^2=0.78$) body weight groups. Given the practical aspect, approximately 1.5 kg of body weight is dominant, weight loss could be predicted by the following function; live weight $loss=26.6-0.28{\times}(fasting period)^2+12.34{\times}pasting\;period-0.012{\times}body\;weight$, $R^2=0.76$. Current data implied that the optimum fasting time for pre-slaughter chicks varied depending on slaughter weight; 6 and 9-h fasting were recommendable for 2.5 and 1.5 kg chicks, with little effect on objective meat color.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2013

We know that humans are able to live comfortably when there is a balance between the living environment that surrounds us and us. Clothing, one of the necessities of life, serves a dual purpose of functioning as protection for the body as well as providing visual satisfaction, and so is the most effective bonding mechanism. A different type of comfort that has been provided through industrialization and advancements in technology has resulted in pollution problems in the environment, and it has reached a point of seriously thinking about its effects. The biggest problems in environmental pollution are air pollution and waste disposal, and something that cannot be ignored is that environmental hormones and harmful heavy metals have been discovered in the synthetic dyes used in the clothing product, and not only are they harmful to the body, but they also have adverse effects on skin allergies such as atopic dermatitis. Its effects on clothing, especially underwear and baby products, can become a serious issue. The use of natural vegetable dye can be considered the basis for the traditional Korean dyeing process, however not all natural dyeing process can be thought of as traditional Korean dyeing. This is because natural dyeing used to be the most common method of dyeing before synthetic dyes came along and became the dye of choice for most clothing. Natural dyes are beneficial to the body, and the nature colors, achieved from the natural materials, relieve eye strains as well as have a healing effect for people who are suffering from psychological instability such as stress. However, the use of mordant in order to increase the fastness and get better color effects can lead to even more damage to the environment, and it cannot be a dyeing method that is good for the body. Traditional natural dyeing is different from regular natural dyeing because it uses colors that the Korean people can identify with and applies specific methods in order to achieve those colors. Even though experimental study with dyestuff and practical use of the dyeing methods for traditional Korean dyeing has been started(Soh, H., 1983) and has been ongoing, it is still not easy for regular people to use the method on their own. At the present time, natural dye materials are getting made and sold more than ever, but there is a lot of confusion among consumers regarding the difference between traditional Korean dyeing and natural dyeing, as companies are using the two terms interchangeably to market their natural dye products. So getting a better understanding of the characteristics of traditional Korean dyeing and traditional colors should be considered first priority at this time. The purpose of this thesis is to study the traditional Korean view of color, which developed the culture of traditional dyeing in Korea, and the characteristics of traditional Korean dyeing, a method that pursued achieving Korea's color through natural dyeing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1297-1309
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shirt color, tie color, tone, perceiver' gender on impression formation by applying tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. This experiment was designed to utilize the $2{\times}6{\times}4{\times}2$ factorial designs. and they are shirt color(red, blue), tie color(red, yellow red, yellow, green, blue, purple), tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver' gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 48 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). The subjects of this research were 288 male and 288 female college students. There were established impression dimension from factor analysis 27 bi-polar adjectives and investigated the effect of interaction between each variable affected impression formations. The items of the adjectives are classified into 4 Impression dimensions: activity, potency, attractiveness, and tenderness. Shirt color, tie color, tone, and perceiver' gender influenced on impression formation. Specially, tie color and tone influenced on the 4 impression dimension greatly by interaction as well as independently. As a result tie is very important clue of impression formation in tone-in-tone coloration of shirt and necktie. Even though tie occupies only a small area in men's clothes it has great effect since it is close to the face.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.48
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• pp.25-36
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• 1999

The purpose of the present research was to analyse for a sample of female collge students by Korean and American the preferred style of clothing with body cathexis. The respondents were 242 Korean and 145 American female volunteers aged 18 to 27 who were enrolled at Kwangju and Cathlic University of korean and Cornell University in the Unites States. The questionnaire was composed of three sections: body size body cathexis and the preferred style of clothing. Sixteen items of twenty-six items of the preferred style of clothing showed a significant difference between Korean and American. Korean students didn't like a bulky fabric and a bright color than American do. American students like a effect of accessories and clothing to emphasize my bust line and care about sleeve shape skirt length skirt shape than Korean do. Korean students were more dissatisfied with their body than American female students. There was a negative relationship between body cathexis and preference of tight skirt both Korean and American female students. There was a positive relationship among body cathexis and preference of outfit and preference of garment of polished silhouette by Korean female students a positive relationship among preference of fitted waist and design to emphasize bust line.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.847-858
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in recognition of sexy body parts and apparel designs by age and to discover the correlations between sexy body parts and apparel designs. Data were collected through a survey of 265 males and 303 females. Analyses included t-tests, f-tests, and Pearson's correlations. The results were as followings; 1. The 20's-30's age group found female body parts were sexier than 40's-50's did. 20's-30's believed the male body was sexier than 40's-50's did. 2. The age groups found men's clothing designs were different by different age groups. Also, differences in female clothing designs were recognized by different age groups. 3. The 40's-50's age group recognized see-through sexier than 20's-30s did. Differences in sexy color recognition by age were also found. 4. There were correlations between most of sexy body parts and designs which emphasized the body parts. The results of this study show the differences in recognition and correlation by age. The results may be applied to developing sexy designs for different targeted age groups.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.520-524
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• 1999

The rose bitterling (Rhodeus uyekii), aboriginal fish of Korea, have beautiful nuptial colors on the body and fins in their spawning season. So, this species has high possibility to become a new ornamental Bish. However, nothing is known about the color composition of body colors of this species. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the color component of the skin and fins of the bitterling collected from natural environment. The major component of the nuptial colors was carotenoids according to the present study. Amount of total carotenoids on the skin and fins, had a tendency to be higher during the spawning season than the non-spawning season; it was $44.9mg\%$ during spawning season and $41.8mg\%$ during non-spawning season. The composition of carotenoid during spawning season was $36.7\%$ of zeaxanthin $30.1\%$ of $\beta$-carotene, and $16.4\%$ of diatoxanthin. The composition of carotenoid during non-spawning season was $41.2\%$ of $\beta$-carotene, $18.1\%$ of diatoxanthin, and $14.0\%$ of isocryptoxanthin. The major component of the carotenoid during spawning season turned out to be zeaxanthin while the major component of the carotenoid during non-spawning season was $\beta$-carotene.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

Purpose: Nasal defect can be caused by excision of tumor, trauma, inflammation from foreign body reaction. Nose is located in the middle of face and protruded, reconstruction should be done in harmony with size, shape, color, and textures. We report various methods of nasal reconstruction using local flaps. Methods: From March 1998 to July 2008, 36 patients were operated to reconstruct the nasal defects. Causes of the nasal defects were tumor (18 cases), trauma (11 cases), inflammation from foreign body reaction (5 cases) and congenital malformation (2 cases). The sites of the defects were ala (22 cases), nasal tip (8 cases) and dorsum (6 cases). The thickness of the defects was skin only (5 cases), dermis and cartilagenous layer (7 cases) and full-thickness (24 cases). According to the sites and thickness of the defects, various local flaps were used. Most of alar defects were covered by nasolabial flaps or bilobed flaps and the majority of dorsal and tip defects were covered by paramedian forehead flaps. Small defects below $0.25 cm^2$ were covered with composite graft or full-thickness skin graft. Results: The follow-up period was 14 months. Partial flap necrosis was observed in a case, and one case of infection was reported, it was improved by wound revision and antibiotics. Nasal reconstruction with various local flaps could provide satisfactory results in terms of color and texture match. Conclusion: The important factors of nasal reconstruction are the shape of reconstructed nose, color, and texture. Nasolabial flap is appropriate method for alar or columellar reconstruction and nasolabial island flap is suitable for tip defect. The defect located lateral wall could be reconstructed with bilobed flap for natural color and texture. Skin graft should be considered when the defect could not afford to be covered by adjacent local flap. And entire nasal defect or large defect could be reconstructed by paramedian forehead flap.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.276-279
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• 1999

The body color of fish fed were improved to be clearer by feeding the bitterling an artificial diet containing different carotenoids. The possibilities of using the bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii, an aboriginal fish of Korea, were studied by feeding the experimental diets supplemented with the various carotenoids (astaxanthin, lutein, and $\beta$-carotene). Amount of total carotenoids in the groups of fish fed by supplementation carotenoids were relatively higher than the control group of fish fed by no supplementation carotenoids. Especially, the group of fish fed by lutein supplementation diet showed most clarity in body color. The group of fish fed by astaxanthin supplementation diet showed the highest growth while the group of fish fed by lutein or $\beta$-carotene supplementation diet showed no significant different comparing to the control group of fish. The results from this study indicated that the bitterling could be a new ornamental fish as long as provided with the proper diet and culture condition.