• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives: Considering that homeothermy is a major component of metabolic rate, body temperature might play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and abdominal temperature in Korean, premenopausal, obese women. Methods: Weight and height were measured in 26 premenopausal, obese women to calculate body mass index (BMI). Obesity was defined as a $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$. Waist circumference (WC) was also measured as well as abdominal fat by computed tomography (CT) and abdominal temperature by digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI). Results: Visceral abdominal fat area was found to have a significant negative correlation with the temperature of Guanyuan (CV4, lower abdomen acupoint). We also found the visceral-subcutaneous fat ratio had a significant negative correlation with the temperature of CV4 and Right Tianshu (RST25, lateral navel acupoint). Only visceral fat and its ratio to subcutaneous fat had a significant correlation with abdominal temperature. Subcutaneous fat area and total fat area were not correlated with abdominal temperature. Conclusions: This study suggests that abdominal visceral fat has a significant negative correlation with abdominal temperature. Further study is needed to uncover the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and temperature regulation in obese individuals and to define the role of body temperature in the pathogenesis of obesity.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to define the content of requisite human structure and function knowledge needed for clinical knowledge of nursing practice. Subjects of human structure and function were divided into 10 units, and each unit was further divided into 21 subunits, resulting in a total of 90 items. Contents of knowledge of human structure and function were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 college of nursing, and textbooks published by nurse scholars prepared with basic nursing sciences. The degree of need of 90 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospitals in Seoul and three university hospitals located in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, hospice ward, and their working period was mostly under 5 years. The results were as follows: 1. The highest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice were electrolyte balance, blood clotting mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, hematopoietic function, body fluid balance, function of plasma, and anatomical terminology in the order of importance. The lowest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice was sexual factors of genetic mutation. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was membrane transport in the living unit, anatomical terminology in movement and exercise unit, mechanism of hormone function in regulation and integration unit, component and function of blood in oxygenation function unit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive and energy metabolism unit, temperature regulation in temperature regulation unit electrolyte balance in body fluid and electrolyte unit, concept of immunity in body resistance unit, and genetics terminology in genetics unit. The highest order of importance according to subunit was membrane transportation in cell subunit, classification of tissues in tissue unit, function of skin and skin in skin subunit, anatomical derivatives of the skeleton subunit, classification of joints in joint subunit, an effect of exercise on muscles in muscle subunit, function of brain in nervous system subunit, special sense in sensory subunit mechanism of hormone function in endocrine subunit, structure and function of female reproductive system in reproductive system unit, structure and function of blood in blood unit, structure of heart, electrical and mechanical function in cardiovascular system unit, structure of respiratory system in respiratory system subunit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive system subunit, hormonal regulation of metabolism in nutrition and metabolism subunit, function of kidney in urologic system subunit, electolyte balance in body fluid, electolyte and acid-base balance subunit. 3. The common content of human structure and function knowledge need for all clinical areas in nursing was structure and function of blood, hematopoietic function, function of plasm, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, body fluid, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. However, the degree of need of each human structure and function knowledge was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as skin and derivatives of the skin, growth and development of bone, classification of joint, classification of muscle, structure of muscle, function of muscle, function of spinal cord, peripheral nerve, structure and function of pancrease, component and function of blood, function of plasma, structure and function of blood, hemodynamics, respiratory dynamics, gas transport, regulation of respiration, chemical digestion of foods, absorption of foods, characteristics of nutrients, metabolism and hormonal regulation, body energy balance were demonstrated according to the duration of work. 5. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as classification of tissue, classification of muscles, function of muscles, muscle metabolism, classification of skeletal muscles, classification of nervous system, neurotransmitters, mechanism of hormone function, pituitary and pituitary hormone, structure and function of male reproductive organ, structure and function of female reproductive organ, component and function of blood, function of plasma, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, gas exchange, gas transport, regulation of respiration, characteristics of nutrients, energy balance, function of kidney, concept of immunity, classification and function of immunity were shown according to the work area. Based on these findings, all the 90 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing Science should be included as contents of human structure and function knowledge.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative warming to prevent hypothermia in surgery for patients undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia. Methods: A randomized experimental study was conducted. Data were collected at an S University hospital in Gyeonggido from December 3, 2019 to March 31, 2020. A random allocation program was used to randomize participants into intervention and control groups. A total of 90 participants were assigned to the study: 30 people were randomized to a pre-warming group using Bair Hugger forced-air warming blankets(Model 505) 30 minutes before surgery, 30 to a pre-warming group 15 minutes before surgery, or 30 to a control group. The findings from 88 participants were analyzed. For data analysis, χ2 test and ANOVA were used utilizing the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The pre-warming group 30 minutes before surgery had significantly higher body temperature than the control group, from 30 minutes after inducing anesthesia to the end of anesthesia. Body temperature over anesthesia time showed significant differences among the three groups, but there were no statistically significant differences in interactions between time and groups. Conclusion: Warming patients' body for 30 minutes before surgery was effective in maintaining normal body temperature while preventing intraoperative hypothermia.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2008

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang(Korean sauna) exposure on the physiological responses in seven elderly farmers(Male=3, Female=4). Jjimjil training group took a bath in Jjimjilbang 8 times twice a week. Jjimjibang exposure was limited three times per day. Rectal temperature, total sweat rate, body fat (%), blood pressure, pulse, $Na^+$ concentration in sweat, and subjective sensation were measured during Jjimjil training exposure. The results are as follow: During Jjimjil exposure, changes of rectal temperature in male farmers were more stabilized than female farmers. The gradual decrease in total sweat rate and Na+ concentration in sweat was observed in both sexes. After Jjimjil exposure, the decrease in blood pressure was observed in both sexes, but not observed changes according to regular Jjimjil exposure. Subjective thermal comfort sensation was changed positively. In conclusion, the regular Jjimjil exposure has positive effects upon improvement in regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, and $Na^+$ concentration especially in heat tolerance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.652-656
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• 1997

This study was conducted to determine the relationships between abdominal temperature (Tabd) and some thermoregulatory responses, such as heat production (HP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), temperature of external ear tract (Tee), comb surface temperature (Tcs) and shank skin temperature (Tss), for revealing the role of deep body temperature in the thermoregulation of broiler chickens. Tabd was divided into 5 zones of 40-41, 41-42, 42-43, 43-44 and $44-45^{\circ}C$, and maintained for 3 hours in each zone by varying environmental temperature from 11 to $33^{\circ}C$. HP and HR had a greater increase with Tabd above $42.5^{\circ}C$. RR increased markedly with Tabd above $41.5^{\circ}C$, and reached a maximum when Tabd was at $42.5^{\circ}C$, then began to decrease. In addition, HP and HR increased significantly with decrease RR during the decreasing phase of panting. Tcs and Tss changed rapidly with Tabd when Tabd was below $41.5^{\circ}C$, and increased more slowly above $41.5^{\circ}C$. Tee was lower than Tabd, and its increase was less than that of Tabd. These results suggest that changes in thermoregulatory responses are induced by an increase in abdominal temperature. Tabd increases to adjust the ratio of sensible and evaporative heat loss when Tabd is below $42.5^{\circ}C$, while the ability in body temperature regulation gradually disappears when abdominal temperature exceeds $42.5^{\circ}C$ and heat balance can not be maintained.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권9_10
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• pp.1465-1474
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• 2007

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang(Korean sauna) exposure on the heat tolerance in young and old females. Subjects were young(n=7) and old(n=7) females who never had a bath in Jjimjilbang for last year. Jjimjilbang training group took a bath in Jjimjilbang once a week 19 times. Jjimjibang expsure was limited three times per day, Jjimjil were taken free way. To prove the effects of the heat tolerance, Subjects were exposed to hot and humid air$(40.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C,\;60{\pm}5%RH)$. In the condition, subjects were taken a foot bathing$(40.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C)$ and simulated for 30 min., and rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, blood pressure, total body weight loss, local sweat and subjective sensation were measured. The results are as follow: Rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, total body weight and subjective thermal comfort sensation were decreased gradually(p<.001). Local sweat of upper arm was decreased(p<.01). In conclusion. the regular Jjimjilbang exposure has positive effects upon improvement in regulation of body temperature, especially in heat tolerance.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to research on status of physical discomfort and clothing life including clothing inconvenience for enhancing self-reliance of elderly women, newly emerging consumer. The subject of research were 346 elderly women who aged 60 or older in Seoul and Seoul Suburbs. Survey consisted of questions about body discomfort, satisfaction and purchasing criteria of ready-to-wear, the inconvenience of clothing. The results of this study are as follows: Physical discomforts were generally associated with the ability to regulate body temperature. The biggest complaint of ready-to-wear was the price, and the next were the size and activity. In purchasing criteria, 'clothes to fit my body shape', 'clothes easy to put on and take off', 'comfortable clothes to work' showed high score. In clothing inconvenience, 'feel inconvenience due to several layers of clothing to avoid chilliness', 'feel heaviness in the waist due to tightness', 'feel chilliness even when wearing several layers of clothing in the winter' were the most uncomfortable parts. Subjects over the age of 80 years and needed the help of others in activities experienced more inconvenience in clothing life. It seems that body discomfort such as dulness of movement and loss of body temperature regulation capability due to aging had a influence on their clothing life. This problem could be improved by the adjustment of pattern allowance, the selection of the fastener, and the proper use of functional fabric. The results of this study will be used as a basis for development of the elderly women's clothing to increase convenience and mobility in everyday life.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1987

To develop the comfortable pesticid-proof clothes, wearing trials for 7 types of existing pesticide-proof clothes were done measuring skin temperature, pulse rate, humidity and temperature of inside clothing and subjective feeling such as thermal, humid and comfort sensations at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $75{\pm}5\%$ RH, 2.3 m/sec wind speed. (Experiment 1). On the base of above results, wearing trials of 6 types of new pesticide-proof clothes and 3 types of pesticide-proof clothes as control group were done with the same method as experiment 1. (Experiment 2). The results obtained were as follows 1. Heat stress was lower in newly designed pesticide-proof clothes with mesh running shirts. 2. For the body temperature regulation, it was confirmed that 6 types of new pesticide-proof clothes made of microporous fabric were better than the others.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 유기절연재료 전자세라믹 방전플라즈마 일렉트렛트 및 응용기술
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• pp.132-137
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• 2002

The mold transformers have been widely used in underground substations in large building and have some advantages in comparison to oil-transformer, that is low fire risk, excellent environmental compatibility, compact size and high reliability. In addition, the application of mold transformer for outdoor is possible due to development of epoxy resin. The mold transformer generally has cooling duct between low voltage coil and high voltage coil. A mold transformer made by one body molding method has been developed for small size and low loss. The life of transformer is significantly dependent on the thermal behavior in windings. To analyse winding temperature rise, many transformer designer have calculated temperature distribution and hot spot point by finite element method(FEM). Recently, numerical analyses of transformer are studied for optimum design, that is electric field analysis, magnetic field, potential vibration, thermal distribution and thermal stress. In this paper, the temperature distribution of 50 kVA pole mold transformer for power distribution are investigated by FEM program and the temperature rise test of designed mold transformer carried out and test result is analyzed compare to simulation data. In this result, the designed mold transformer is satisfied to limit value of temperature and the other property is good such as voltage ratio, winding resistance, no-load loss, load loss, impedance voltage and percent regulation.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1985

한국특산 매자나무(Berberis Koreana Palibin)의 뿌리에서 분리한 majarine은 isoquinoline 알카로이드로서 본 교실에서는 중추신경계에 대한 약리작용을 검토하고 있다. Majarine을 마우스 복강내로 투여하여 직장온도 변화와 haloperidol, cyproheptadine과 reserpine 등에 대한 약물 상호작용을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. Majarine은 마우스에 있어서 용량의존적으로 현저한 체온감소를 나타내었으나, 0.1 mg/kg투여시 체온증가의 유의성을 보였다. 체온감소는 haloperidol과 cyproheptadine으로 억제되었다. Reserpine처치 마우스에 있어서 ${\alpha}$-methyl-p-tyrosine으로 전처치한 다음 majarine 2.0mg/kg 투여시 체온감소를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 majarine의 체온변화는 dopamine과 serotonin수용체에 관련성이 있다고 사려되고, 체온감소는 dopamine수용체에 직접적으로 작용한다고 생각되는 바이다.