• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2017

In this study, change trends and specific times for change in body size were sought to be identified by using manual measurements for Korean adult women at 20 to 89 of age, along with examinations of change trends and specific times of change in body shape based on body index values. The examinations of means, deviations, and variation coefficients revealed that there was a tendency of most height related measures to decrease. In addition, combined with decrease in height, growth in weight led to increased BMI, thus resulting in increase in measures of circumference, thickness, and breadth in the torso area. The BMI trends showed that with increasing age, BMI increased, reaching the peak between the ages of 55 and 59 and then decreasing from 64 of age, with the steepest increase in BMI at ages from 50 to 54. The examination of differences in the body flatness ratio for different parts of body found that with increasing age the ratio decreased, indicating a tendency for gradual change to round body shapes. The analysis of 3D body shape found that there were more back-bends and lowered shoulder levels with age, accompanied with a tendency for more bended legs and more inclined-forward necks. The key trends in changes in body measurements by age and detailed estimates of 3D standard body shape drawn out from this study are expected to significantly contribute to establishing a basic database for generating patterns reflecting age features of Korean adult females.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2023

In this study, the difference in human body dimensions between the age groups of Generation M (27 to 39 years old) and Generation Z (20 to 26 years old) was analyzed. This study also analyzed if there was a change in the body shape of the MZ generation, who have different sensibilities from the "young people" of the past. In addition, major changes in human body dimensions were carefully analyzed and presented as basic data for clothing design. Therefore, a t-test was performed to verify the significant differences in the measurements of each age group. To examine the change in human body measurements according to the measurement year, the 7th and 8th size Korea data statistics were analyzed. The main required dimensions of clothing design were analyzed graphically for visual changes according to measurement year and age group. As a result of the analysis, Generation Z was found to have a difference in body shape from Generation M, and is generally smaller and slimmer with broader shoulders. In addition, the body shape change between the 7th and 8th measurement periods was significantly higher than the 8th measurement overall. Height has increased and back length has become shorter, resulting in a larger ratio of lower body length. In addition, the proportion of obesity abnormalities has increased. Therefore, since the dimensional system set from the past data can cause problems for the fitting of clothing for the MZ generation, it is necessary to design the clothing and reset the dimensional system making it suitable for the changed the body shape of the MZ generation.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.49-67
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• 2014

Subject : The Association between Extraordinary Organs(奇恒之腑) and Eight Extra Meridians(奇經 八脈). Objectives : This study research some special aspects of Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians which differentiated from ordinary Organs and Meridians, and the association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians. Methods : First, researched classification standard and physiological characteristics of Extraordinary Organs through studying various chapters of HuangdiNeijing. Second, researched The Association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians through studying on the origin of Eight Extra Meridians in HuangdiNeijing. Third, from accompanying researching the subject of Cheon-gye(天癸) and human body shape, draw synthetic hypothesis on the relationship among ordinary Meridians and Organs, muscles and skins of body shape, Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians. Results & Conclusions : The following conclusions could be drawn. 1. Extraordinary Organs afford background for shaping human body. This is same as the properties of the earth which afford background for shaping all creations. The physiological characteristics of Extraordinary Organs is intermediation and regulation between Ki(氣) of Five Viscera & six Bowels and shape of muscles & skins in human body. 2. The origin of Eight Extra Meridians could be found in HuangdiNeijing. The collateral Meridians of the Uterus and Epiglottis Meridian are specifically formulated to supplying for the Uterus or Epiglottis. From this we can draw The Association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians, that is Eight Extra Meridians are specifically formulated to supplying for Extraordinary Organs. 3. The Cheon-gye(天癸) is doing significant function in Eight Extra Meridians supplying for Extraordinary Organs. Cheon-gye concerned to growth, secondary sexual characters, generative function, aging process. Theses are all concerned with the changing of human body shape. Cheon-gye urge to change the body shape with following the human life cycle. 4. Human body has vertical symmetry because preserve its shape from the gravitational force. Eight Extra Meridians place at the middle or flank axis of human body, thus do physiological function that assistant human body have vertical symmetry shape. The purpose of shaping vertical symmetry is securing space what the inner Twelve Regular Meridians and Five Viscera & six Bowels create there own physical changes. On the other hand the inner changes need deviation between left and right because of mobility and circulation of force. But human body change the shape in the process of growth, reproduction, aging. Eight Extra Meridians play role at time of these processing, thus they deeply concerned to human's life cycle and reproduction. 5. Eight Extra Meridians and Extraordinary Organs were named 'Extra' because of some special aspects which differentiated from ordinary Meridians and Organs. All they play role to have vertical symmetry shape of human body and maintain the shape, thus they deeply concerned to the change of human life cycle. These shaping maintaining and the change of human life cycle are very special aspects of human body. So they needed to differently cognize separate to the ordinary changes of Five Viscera & six Bowels and Twelve Meridians at inner space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.257-269
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• 1996

The puropose of this study was to investigate the movement-fitness according to the surface changing of lower limb The experimental items were divided into the lower limb movements (5) and body-shapes (7). This study was done by the expansion and contraction rate consideration of length, girth Also, the lower half of body shape-change on the movements and body-shapes by flat shell was done simultaneously. The summarized findings resulted from experiments and investigation are suggested as follows; First, when commpared the expansion and contraction rate of the length and girth items, the expansion rate of the back crotch length (14~20%), hip girth (10~ 21%) and knee girth (6.2~18.5%) in rabbit leap movement was the most notable among all variables considered in this experimentation. On the others hand, the front croth length (-22~-52%) contracted remarkably. And big-thigh type was the most notable on the body-shape comparision. Second, in comparision of the expansion and contraction rate of the area on the blocks, the expansion of the hip (50~200%) and knee (51~74%) block was the most remarkable. Especially, in the sit on knees movement of the hip-down type expanded 209.4%. Third, in comparision of the lower half of body shape-change, on the movements and body- shapes by the flat shell, under the influence of knee-joint and hip-joint the shape-changs of the hip and knee block was the most notable. But the shape-change of the waist, abdomen, calf, and ankle was feeble.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1070-1086
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• 2020

This study analyzed the size of women in their 60s, 70s and 80s in the 2014 Human Body Dimension Survey data among Size Korea's 7th Human Dimension Survey Data in 2015. This study examined the characteristics of changes in female body shape according to aging and the age range. The height item gradually decreased from the 60s and then rapidly decreased to the 80s. In the case of the circumference item, a sharp change occurred in the section from 69 to 70 years old. The reduction in hip height, waist height, and navel level waist height was not significant compared to the decrease in stature. Both width, thickness, and circumference gradually decreased with age. It can be seen that the back bends forward and the legs become thinner than the body due to the aging phenomenon with increasing age. Even for older women, the characteristics of aging differ in their 60s, 70s and 80s, so age segmentation of silver clothing should be considered.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

A cavitator plays an important role to generate the supercavity. Most previous numerical and experimental studies have been focused on the presence of cavitators alone. However, the body behind the cavitator causes a change in the wake flow and hence it affects generation and growth of the supercavity. In this paper, we present a boundary elementary method based on a potential flow analysis, and calculate characteristics of the supercavity formation depending on the change of the body shape of two-dimensional submerged objects. Various parameters such as cone angle of the cavitator, length of the forehead and diameter of the body are considered. The results show that the longer the forepart length, the longer the cavity is created under the same conditions, and also the change in the diameter of the body is the most influential factor on the growth of the supercavity. As a result, we suggest that it is necessary to carefully consider the influence of the body shape during the initial design stage of the supercavitating underwater vehicle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.90-95
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• 2001

A continuum-based shape design sensitivity analysis (DSA) method is presented for the acoustic radiation from thin body. The normal derivative integral formulation is employed as an analysis formulation and differentiated directly by using material derivative to get the acoustic shape design sensitivity. In the acoustic sensitivity formulation, derivative coefficients of the structural normal velocities on the surface are required as the input. Thus, the shape design sensitivities of structural velocities on the surface with respect to the shape change are also calculated with continuum approach. A simple disk is considered as a numerical example to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the analytical shape design sensitivity equations derived in this research. This research should be very helpful to design an application involving thin body and to change its acoustic characteristics.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.122-142
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• 2018

In the virtual fitting system, the use of a 3D avatar is not a simple garment model, but it should be able to reproduce the size and shape of the customer using a fitting system. Although various virtual fitting systems have their own 3D avatar sizing systems and provide 3D avatars that match the size of the customer, there are limitations in realizing the actual body shape in actual use by the consumer. The purpose of this study is to realize a 3D avatar with excellent size and conformity for customer use. Therefore, this study aims to provide basic data for the formation of a 3D standard avatar of Korean women aged in their 20's, by comparing and analyzing the degree of the consumer user friendly system change of a body type, and the consumer's ability in selecting a consumer representative body type. Based on the survey data of 'Size Korea' conducted from 2004 to 2015 at three times, we examined the change of body shape over 10 years. Then, based on the results of 6th and 7th data, 4 factors of the concurrent body shape change of women of the consumer demographic studied were selected through the use of a factor analysis. Following this analysis, the 4 extracted factors were clustered again and finally released 7 representative body types, which were obtained based on height and weight. The size of each representative figure is derived by the use of a regression analysis, and it is used as a basic data for 3D avatar formation of the virtual fitting system.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.130-137
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• 2013

The percentage of overweight people has increased in older people due to the change of body shape (including pregnancy and giving birth for women). Obesity is accompanied by body shape changes; subsequently, there are more pattern design considerations compared to standard body shapes. This paper classifies the upper body shape of overweight women in Korea, analyzes features by body shape and proposes basic pattern design data that reflects the features of plus-size women body shapes. The data on 540 subjects in the overweight group (from 20 to 69 years old)whose BMI was over 25 was selected. The following features by shape were identified in accordance with the upper body shape classification of overweight women. Body Shape1 had lower body obesity with long stature and arms in proportion to the trunk length and represented 22.2% of the subjects. Body Shape2 had most parts near average sizes for overweight body shapes with short height and arms that represented 37.6% of the subjects (the highest ratio). Body Shape3 was the smallest body shape in the four groups with the most distinct body figure and represented 30.7% of the subjects. Body Shape4 (9.4% of the subjects)was the upper body obesity type (the fattest group)and with of the waist bigger abdominal obesity type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.735-738
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• 1997

The aerodynamic charateristics of high speed train can be improved by fore-body design. In this paper, the design a fore-body shape which has optimal aerodynamic charateristics, 6 models of fore-body shape are proposed and the change of aerodynamic characteristics is studied through calculations of flow field around high speed train fro each fore-body shape. The flow field around high speed trains are calculated using Navier-Stokes equation. The variational trends of aerodynamic characteristics are studied from the result of flow calculation around high speed trains for 6 fore-body shapes.