• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2004

PET/CT combines the functional information from a positron emission tomography (PET) exam with the anatomical information from a computed tomography (CT) exam into one single exam. A CT scan uses a combination of x-rays and computers to give the radiologist a non-invasive way to see inside your body. One advantage of CT is its ability to rapidly acquire two-dimensional pictures of your anatomy. Using a computer these 2-D images can be presented in 3-D for in-depth clinical evaluation. A PET scan detects changes in the cellular function - how your cells are utilizing nutrients like sugar and oxygen. Since these functional changes take place before physical changes occur, PET can provide information that enables your physician to make an early diagnosis. The PET exam pinpoints metabolic activity in cells and the CT exam provides an anatomical reference. When these two scans are fused together, your physician can view metabolic changes in the proper anatomical context of your body. PET/CT offers significant advantages including more accurate localization of functional abnormalities, and the distinction of pathological from normal physiological uptake, and improvements in monitoring treatment. A PET/CT scan allows physicians to measure the body's abnormal molecular cell activity to detect cancer (such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, melanoma and other skin cancers), brain disorders (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy), and heart disease (such as coronary artery disease).

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.692-704
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• 2007

Recently, Basic patterns with excellent body fitness and automation availability are required to be developed in order to automate the patterns of women's clothes. In this study, this reference points, reference lines and segments were fixed onto 3D scan data for the lower body the women in their twenties, they were directly spread out to be 2D flat pattern to facilitate development into the design of slacks adhered closely to the human body such as special and highly-functional clothes, and then slacks 2D pattern was developed for the purpose of seeking scientific approach to the development into basic form slacks and 3d emotional pattern. For conversion of 3D pattern into 2D flat pattern, reference points and segments were created by using Rapid Form of 3D shape analysis software, and triangle mesh of the body surface of the created shape was developed with Auto CAD 2005. The correspondence between slacks and human body was examined by the fixation of major reference lines. Specially, the wearing characteristics of slacks were considered by the fixation of side lines in consideration of posture. As a result of using the way of development to constantly maintain the length while 3D triangle mesh is converted into 2D flat mesh, the shape was shown to be excellently reproduced, and the area of flat pattern was increased compared to the shape of parting plane. Also, the sunk-in curve like the brief line of front crotch length needed a cutting line when it was closely adhered, when mesh was overlapped, and the pattern area was smaller compared to the actual shape.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2008

The human body composed of concave and convex curvatures, and the current 3D scanning technology which involves inherent measurement errors make it difficult to extract distinct curvature plot directly. In this study, a method of extracting the clear curvature plot and its application to the cycling pants design were proposed. We have developed the ergonomic pattern from the 3D human body reflecting cycling posture. For the ergonomic design line on the 3D human body, the 3D information on the lower part of four male bodies with flexed posture was analyzed. The 3D scan data of four subjects were obtained using Cyberware. As results, the iteration of the tessellated shell was executed 100 times to obtain optimized curvature plots of the muscles on the body surface, and the boundaries of the curvature plots were applied to the design lines. Maximum(Max-pattern) and mean curvature plots(Mean-pattern) were adopted in the design line of the cycling pants, and performance of those lines was compared with that of conventional princess line(Con-pattern). The average error of total area and length in the 2D pattern developed from the 3D flexed body surface in this study were very minimal($4.58cm^2$(0.19%) and 0.15mm(0.46%)), which was within the range of tolerable limits in clothing production. The pattern obtained from the flexed body reflecting cycling posture already included the contraction and extension of the cycling skin, so that the extra ease for movement and good fit was not need to be considered.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.143-145
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• 2002

A 49-year-old male patient with a carcinoma of the right pyriform sinus had a whole-body bone scan and gamma camera based F-18 FDG-PET for staging. Tc-99m MDP bone scan depicted diffuse increased uptake in the left femur due to chronic osteomyelitis but no skeletal metastasis. F-18-FDG-PET revealed increased focal bone uptake and uptake in the draining sinus due to chronic osteomyelitis in addition to visualization of the right pyriform sinus carcinoma and right neck nodal uptake. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography is significantly more accurate than the bone scan in pinpointing chronic osteomyelitis focus and draining soft tissue infection.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 전압 값과 전류 값에 따른 CT 투과 스캔 동안의 방사선 선량을 측정하고, 우리 기관에서 사용하는 임상 전신 PET/CT 환자 영상 획득 방식 중 감쇠 보정을 위해 사용하는 $^{137}Cs$ 투과 스캔과 환자의 진단용 고화질 CT 투과 스캔에 대한 방사선 선량을 평가하는 것이다. 방사선 선량 측정을 위해 Philips GEMINI 16 슬라이스 PET/CT시스템을 이용하였다. 다양한 튜브 전압 값과 시간에 따른 전류 값에 대해 표준 CTDI 머리 팬텀과 몸 팬텀을 이용하여 선량을 측정하였다. 이때 100 mm의 유효 길이를 가지는 펜슬 이온 전리함과 전기계를 선량 측정에 이용하였다. 측정은 공기 중, 팬텀의 중심, 그리고 팬텀의 가장 자리에서 각각 이루어졌다. 평균 흡수선량인 가중 CTDI ($CTDI_w=1/3CTDI_{100,c}+2/3CTDI_{100,p}$) 값을 계산하고 이를 이용하여 등가 선량을 계산하였다. 본 연구자가 속한 기관에서의 전신 임상 PET/CT 영상 획득 방식을 이용한 투과 스캔에서의 방사선 선량 측정을 위해 Alderson 팬텀과 TLD를 이용하여 $^{137}Cs$ 투과 스캔과 고화질 CT투과 스캔을 각각 수행하여 각 인체 기관별 선량을 측정하였다. 측정에 사용한 TLD는 10 MeV X-선을 이용하여 교정한 후 ${\pm}5%$ 이내의 정확도를 가지는 것만 측정에 사용하였다. 장기 또는 조직은 ICRP 60을 참고로 선택하였다. 표준 CTDI 머리 팬텀과 몸 팬텀을 이용한 CT 투과 스캔에 대한 선량 측정 결과, 선량 값이 튜브 전압과 전류에 의존하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. $^{137}Cs$ 투과 스캔과 고화질 CT 투과 스캔에 대한 유효 선량 측정 결과는 0.14 mSv와 29.49 mSv였다. PET/CT 시스템에서 표준 CTDI 팬텀과 이온 전리함, 그리고 Alderson 인체 팬텀과 TLD를 이용하여 투과 스캔에 대한 방사선 선량을 평가할 수 있었다. PET/CT 영상 획득 시, 우리가 원하는 영상의 화질을 유지하면서 환자에 대한 피폭을 최소화하기 위한 영상 획득 방식의 최적화가 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.195-198
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• 2019

A-50-year-old male patient presented with complaint of tenderness on the left malar area after traffic accident. Our first impression on him was zygomatic fracture, we did radiologic work-up and physical examination on him. But, on the computed tomography scan, there was no fracture or discontinuity on his facial bone. The computed tomography scan was revealed a 4-cm long foreign body in left maxillary sinus with a large amount of fluid collection. After thorough history taking from him, we reveal the patient had a history of trauma 30 years back on the left zygomatic area with a chopstick. The foreign body was removed via transoral approach with the endoscopic assist. There was no complication after operation.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.600-613
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide Torso pattern for Korean middle-aged women using 3D human body scan data. 155 women in their 40's or 50's were measured by Martin's anthropometry. Merging the data of 914 middle aged women provided by Korean agency for technology and standards, total of 1,069 subjects' data were analyzed. For data analysis, ANOVA, factor analysis and cluster analysis were done using SPSS PC+. And representative subject of each cluster was selected and they participated in 3D scanning and Torso pattern suggested for middle-aged women Torso pattern which investing the amount of ease according to each group for diffuse front interscye 30%, armscye circumference 30%, back interscye 40% using 3D human body scan data. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, as a result of the factor analysis, the first factor was 'obesity index of body', The second factor was 'verticality size of body', The third factor was 'verticality length of upper bodice', The fourth factor was 'drop value to represent silhouette', and the fifth factor was 'physique of upper bodice'. And, middle-aged women type were classified 3 types according to the cluster analysis. Type 1(Y-type) was the long upper Torso with wide shoulder. Type 2(H-type) was flat-body type with comparatively thin upper bodice and thin lower bodice. And type 3(A-type) was the obese type with comparatively thin upper bodice and fat lower bodice. Secondly, using CAD program, point filtering was performed and approximated surface model was made. It used that generated surface smoothing corrected for abnormally extruded points and scattered points based on the curvature information. And 3D surfaces were flatted onto the plane by the internal tools of CAD program. Difference ratios of outline length and area between 3D curves and 2D plane were 0.42% and 0.54%, respectively. Third, wearing test by the sensory evaluation showed that distinct difference almost every category. The movement functionality test shows that, in all the tests which reveal significant differences, especially, 'comparison pattern A' experienced inconvenience to neck width and neck depth.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

This study divided school age by considering a change in the stage of body growth by age in elementary schoolgirls with the use of body scan data, and considered by comparing body size characteristics by school age. Elementary schoolgirls' body shape cannot be divided clearly. However, ages 7-10 were bound into the same group for the majority of girth, width, and thickness items. 7-8 years old, 9-10 years old, and 11-12 years old were bound into the same group in most items except ages 9 and 10 for the height item. Thus, significant difference was indicated between groups. Accordingly, this study divided the school age into three periods such as early stage(ages 7-8), middle stage(ages 9-10), and late stage(ages 11-12) in consideration of the stages for elementary schoolgirls' body-shape growth. As a result of analyzing body size according to division of school age, the higher school age leads to continuous growth. The notable growth was indicated especially in the middle stage and late stage. Examining centering on typical items related to the clothing construction, there was notable increase in waist thickness and hip thickness between early and middle stages and in height, weight, breast girth, waist circumference, back length, breast width, and waist width between middle and late stages. On the other hand, hip circumference, hip width, breast thickness, and length between shoulder edges were indicated to grow relatively and evenly among early, middle, and late stages. The lateral form was shown a clear difference in the forms of early, middle, and late stages in height and length of the whole body shape and in side thickness. The early and middle stages belong to body shape that abdomen is projected to be curved. The late stage showed right body shape which is straight and stable form in posture.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1999

목적: 종양 환자의 평가에 있어서 초고에너지 조준기를 장착하여 511 keV에 적용시킨 감마카메라로 FDG 전신 평면 영상(FDG W/B scan)을 얻어 충분한 정보를 얻을 수 있는지 알아보고 동시에 같은 카메라로 동시계수 회로를 이용한 양전자 방출 단층촬영(FDG CoDe PET)을 실시하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: F-18 FDG를 이용하여 초고에너지 조준기와 동시계수 양전자 방출영상에 대해 각각 팬텀 실험을 실시하였고, 악성종양이 의심되거나 진단된 환자 14명을 대상으로 FDG 전신 평면 영상과 양전자 방출 단층 영상을 얻어 방사선학적 검사, 임상적 추적관찰, 조직학적 검사 등과 비교하였다. 결과: 평면 영상에서는 해상력 13.1 mm, 민감도 2638 cpm/MBq/ml, 동시계수 영상에서는 공간 해상력 7.49 mm, 민감도 5351 cpm/MBq/ml로 측정되었다. FDG CoDe PET에서 14명의 환자 중 8명에서 FDG의 섭취가 있었다. 두 방법 모두에서 FDG 섭취가 없었던 병변은 모두 CT에서 1 cm 이하 였으나 한 예에서 2 cm 크기의 전이성 림프절을 찾지 못하였다. FDG 섭취를 보였던 병변은 모두 CT상 1.5cm 이상이거나 여러 개가 모여 있는 병변이었다. FDG W/B scan은 FDG CoDe PET와 거의 비슷한 결과를 보였으나 위음성과 위양성이 1예씩 더 있었다. FDG CoDe PET에서 보였던 다수의 폐 결절과 간 결절들이 FDG W/B scan에서 한 예를 제외하고는 모두 발견되었다. 결론: 감마카메라에 의한 FDG 영상들은 악성 종양의 감별, 병기 결정, 추적검사 등에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 간주되며, SPECT 카메라가 널리 보급되어 있으므로 FDG 전신 평면영상과 동시계수 양전자 방출영상은 서로 보완적으로 쓰이면서 FDG의 지역 분배 공급을 통해 기존의 PET를 대신하여 FDG를 이용한 더 많은 임상적 이용 및 영상진단을 가능하게 할 것이다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

전신 뼈검사는 골수염과 골절 및 원발성 암의 조기 발견 등골 병변에 대해 높은 민감도와 해상도를 가진 검사이며, 핵의학 검사 중 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 그러나 최저 계수치를 제외한 평가 기준이 마련되어 있지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 전신 뼈검사에서 정량적인 평가 지표를 나타낼 수 있는 방법을 분석해보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2014년 4월부터 2014년 9월까지 본원을 내원한 특이 골병변소견이 없는 환자 30명을 대상으로 GE INFINIA 장비에서 진행하였다. 환자의 전신계수와 허리뼈를 관심영역으로 하여, 계수치를 측정하였으며, 허리뼈 각각의 신호평균 값과 표준편차를 구하여, 대조도 대 잡음비(Contrast to Noise Ratio, CNR), 신호 대 잡음비(Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR)를 산출하였고, 팬텀 실험을 통해 검사 속도 변화에 따른 각각의 수치와 조직등가물질을 이용하여 복부 두께에 따른 수치를 비교 하였다. 그리고, 판독의 2명과 5년 이상의 경력을 가진 숙련된 방사선사 5명이 각각 10점 척도로 하여, Blind test로 육안적인 분석치와 정량적인 산출치 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 환자의 전신 계수치와 관심영역의 계수치는 Blind test를 통한 육안적인 분석치와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 대조도 대 잡음비와 신호 대 잡음비는 육안적인 분석치와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(P<0.05). 팬텀 실험에서는 검사 속도가 느릴수록, 조직등가물질의 두께가 얇을수록 각 수치는 향상되는 것을 보였으며, 지연검사에서 영상의 질이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 현재 전신 뼈검사에서 최저 계수치를 제외한 평가 기준이 마련되어있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대조도 대 잡음비 및 신호 대 잡음비를 이용하여 Blind test와의 유의한 상관관계를 확인 할 수 있었으며, 검사 속도가 영상의 질을 좌우하는 인자라는 것을 수치를 통해 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 동일한 주입량, 동일한 검사 속도 등 동등한 조건에서의 평가를 진행하였지만, 환자의 생리적 기능과 수분 섭취량 등에 따라 모든 특성을 고려하는 것에 한계가 존재한다. 그러나 객관적으로 정량적 수치를 제시하여, 유의한 평가 지표를 입증하였다는 데에 학술적 의미가 있을 것으로 사료된다.