• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.171-181
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate a musculoskeletal symptom and the work posture of the nurses in an operating room who have worked in the present department for more than one year. The job analysis of operating room nurses for ergonomic work posture analysis is divided into 14 tasks. On the basis of that, a survey research and ergonomic work posture analysis are also carried out. Among 41 operating room nurses of a cancer center in Kyonggi province who responded to the self-administered questionnaire, 20 nurses were observed and videorecorded to apply Rapid Entire Body Assessment(REBA) to ergonomic work posture analysis from April 16, 2007 to May 18, 2007. The results of analysis are as follows. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms was 75.6% and its prevalence rates by part of the body are these followings; lower back and leg/foot 43.9%, shoulder 36.6%, neck 34.1%, hand/wrist/ finger 22.0%, arm/elbow 14.6%. In accordance with the results of ergonomic work posture analysis, 4 tasks that have a REBA score of 8 have high-risk levels and require an immediate management. It shows there is a significant correlation with overall musculoskeletal symptoms and objective workloads that are estimated by REBA. In conclusion, the work conditions of operating room nurses should be improved. It is also necessary that inappropriate work postures and ergonomic work conditions are improved to prevent musculoskeletal disorders of operating room nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.4 s.113
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• pp.9-17
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• 2007

Somatotype is human body shape and physique type which can be classified not only by the size, but also by the shape or posture of the body. Postural variations in the alignment of the back, shoulder, and neck can have an adverse effect on the fit of garments designed to hang from the shoulders. There have been some previous studies about the lateral upper torso by analyzing photographic measurements. In this study, 3D body scan images were used to classify the side somatotype of upper lateral method even though they are major data in the classification of upper torso. This study focused on following objective.; 1) To apply new and developing technology into the apparel industry analyzing 3D body scan images. 2) To classify upper laterla torso using the data through the new improver technology, 3D body scanner. 3) To propose basic materials for well fitted garments for each type of figure. The test subjects for this study were two hundreds nine female aged 19 years and up who were recruited in Cornell university body scan research team. Seventeen Variables(12 angles, 5 lengths) out of 3D body scan data were measured based on these landmarks and applied to analyze. The result of factor analysis indicated that 6 factors were extracted through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax and those factors comprise 62.5% of total variance. And the somatotype of upper body is classified into 3 types of figures according to cluster analysis; Bent forward posture, Straight posture, Swayback posture. Future study could be addressed about the somatotype of body by the age group based on the large database with wide variety of age.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.459-464
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• 2004

The rifle impact of human body affected by the posture of human for rifling. The interaction human-rifle system influence the firing accuracy. In this paper, impact analysis of human model for shooting posture is carried out. ADAMS code and LifeMOD is used in impact analysis of human model and modeling of the human body, respectively. On the shooting, human model is affected by rifle impact during the 0.001 second. Performed simulation time for shooting is 0.1 second. Applied constraint condition to human-rifle system is rotating and spherical condition. As the results, the displacement of rifle and transfer path analysis of impact of human model is presented.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives : To analyze the contents of ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ and study the standard posture in context of Korean Medicine. Methods : Analyzed the terms related to the name, body region and orientation of Three Yin and Three Yang used in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ to deduce the standard posture of the description. ≪Lingshu·Jingmai≫ was used as supplementary data. Results : The term "Three Yin and Three Yang" in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is used to indicate regions of the human body, and based on this, terms with orientation were used. Just like 'anatomical position', there is a standard posture in Korean Medicine, and it may seem to be similar overall, but there is a difference in posture in the upper extremity. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, Greater Yang is the dorsal region, Lesser Yang is the lateral surface region, Yang Brightness is the anterior surface region of the human body. In the body trunk, Three Yin refers to the inner parts of the human body. However, in the lower extremity, Three Yin refers to the medial surface of the legs. The name of the individual Meridian-muscle was given following the region corresponding to Three Yin and Three Yang. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, there is a basic posture that became the standard posture derived from the description. In an upright standing position, the feet face forward, the fingers naturally extended, and the back of the hand faces outward. The fact that the posture of the thumb is naturally extended is especially reflected in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫. This is clearly different from the "anatomical position" and as it can be the base of all areas of acupuncture, it is suggested that it be defined as the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine". Conclusions : Based on our analysis, we suggest the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine" as an upright standing position, with the feet facing forward, the fingers naturally extended, the back of the hand facing outward, and the thumb naturally extended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.530-541
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• 2008

The early stage of 3D anthropometry data has been used to obtain qualitative rather than quantitative information. However recent 3D body scanners as a common research tool for anthropormatric measurments have made it possible to obtain body surface data of sufficient resolution and accuracy. The purpose of this study is finally to develop motorcycle jacket for enhanced comfort and fit, to test the accuracy and reliability of 3D measurments of motorcycle riding posture, and to analyze the change in 20's adult male's body surface measurements between the standard anthropometric position and motorcycle riding posture. The results of this study were as follows: There were no significant differences between the study and Size Korea measurments in total traditional measuring items and most of measuring items, such as length, circumference antropometric items and interscye items though not waist back length and upper arm circumference. A comparison of 3D body surface measurments in the two different measuring postures, the bodysurface measurments such as waist front length, biacromion length, front interscye, arm length, underarm length in the motorcycle riding posture decreased than that in basic posture, whereas waist back length, back interscye, C.T.W length increased. The body surface measurments such as chest, bust, upper circumference in the motorcycle riding posture decreased than that in basic posture, whereas neck, waist, hip, elbow circumference increased.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.52
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• pp.211-219
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• 1999

Sleeping is important activity in bedroom and it takes one third of our lifetime. The body pressure distribution on bed has been considered as one of the most important factors affecting sleeping comfort. The measurement contact pressure has been applied to design seat, mattress, shoes, etc., for prevention of pressure sores and improvement of products. This paper discusses the recognizing rule of sleeping posture using contact pressure. Subjects' ages are ranged from twenties to fifties. They include 29 males and 35 females. Body pressure distribution is measured in the state of stable bed when subject lies on his/her back, on his/her side and on his/her face. We made recognizing rules of sleeping posture through statistical analysis; ANOVA and regression analysis, qualitative analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the necessity of a musculoskeletal injury-prevention program for automobile parts manufacturing workers by assessing the body composition, muscle strength, and posture according to sex and age. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-two workers (men, 218; women, 64; mean age, 38.97 years; and mean work tenure, 10.29 years) participated in this study. They completed a questionnaire on their general characteristics, excluding personal identification codes. The participants were evaluated for body composition, muscle strength, and posture using InBody, a hand dynamometer, and the Image J program through photography, respectively. An independent t-test and one-way analysis of the variance were used for the comparisons according to sex and age, respectively. RESULTS: Significant sex-related differences in muscle strength and grip force were observed (p<.05). In addition, the left-side pelvic inclination was significantly higher in the female participants than in the male participants (p<.05). Significant age-related differences in the skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength were observed around 40 years (p<.05). Significant correlations were observed among the body composition (skeletal muscle and body fat masses), muscle strength, and posture (pelvic inclination; p<.01). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in pelvic inclination by sex and muscle strength by age were found, even in healthy workers. Additional posture and muscle strength measurements will be needed for workers who participate in the musculoskeletal injury prevention program because they are exposed to an incorrect posture for many hours or in many repetitive tasks.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2007

Photographic measurement was first made with the subjects of 190 males in their 20s residing in the Ningbo area, Zhejiang Province in China. In this second report, lower body shapes were classified and discriminated by using indirect measurement, measurement items, and lower body analysis. The following sums up the research: 1. The subjects were $8.85^{\circ}$ (hip breadth angle), $1.58^{\circ}$ (abdomen upper angle), $11.80^{\circ}$ (hip upper angle), and $5.12^{\circ}$ (lateral lower body posture angle). 2. The subjects of Chinese males in their 20s showed three types of lower bodies: Bow Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body Type (30.5%)-gap between legs, curve waist-hip contour, average abdomen-hip profile, and lateral lower body posture were slightly slanted forward. Adjacent Straight Legs & Slight Slant of Lateral Lower Body Type (35.8%)-adjacent straight between legs, curve waist-hip contour, slim abdomen-hip profile, and lateral lower body posture were slightly slanted forward. Balance Legs & Large Slant of Lateral Lower Body Type (33.7%)-average between legs, straight waist-hip contour, protruding hip profile, and lateral lower body posture were largely slanted forward. 3. Eight useful variables for the categorization of the subjects' lower body types were chosen through stepwise discriminant analysis, and the hit ratio of discrimination was 97.9%.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.282-288
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• 2022

Background: Pilates exercises are used for body shape correction because they can achieve correct posture alignment through spinal stabilization. Objects: This study aimed to determine whether the use of reformers increases the effectiveness of Pilates core exercises on body alignment in standing. Methods: The study included 30 women without known diagnoses of musculoskeletal and neurological disorders or cancer. Those who had taken more than 10 Pilates lessons were excluded. The participants were randomly assigned to either the reformer exercise group or the mat exercise group, and interventional Pilates exercises were performed for 60 minutes a day, three times a week, for a total of 8 weeks. Ten movements of the reformer and mat Pilates core exercise programs were included. Exbody^® 9100 MOMI musculoskeletal analysis equipment (Exbody Inc.) was used to assess the alignment of the standing posture in the frontal plane. Results: As a result of comparing the differences within and between the groups before and after the intervention using the two-way mixed analysis of variance test, height differences in the head, pelvis, left and right, shoulders, scapulas, knees, and ankles in the frontal plane after the intervention were found in both groups. For example, the left-right symmetry of the body alignment in the standing posture was significantly improved within each group (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both the reformer and mat Pilates core exercises were effective for standing posture alignment, which has clinical significance. If an exercise program is developed based on the analysis of movements necessary for posture improvement and the target muscles to be strengthened, the same effect can be achieved only with mat exercise without using the reformer equipment at the beginner stage.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.307-317
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• 2016

Objective: This study looks into biomechanical variables occurring when one moves in a sitting posture, and presents objective references to make improvements in work environments of farm workers. Background: The farmers have more common musculoskeletal disorders compared to other professions, because they are much more exposed to biomechanical risk factors. The sitting posture that is the representative form of the squatted, can cause typical knee joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis or patellofemoral pain syndrome of the knee joint. Therefore, a quantitative study of knee load upon the movement in a squatting posture is required. Method: In order to proceed with its investigation, the study examined movements in a sitting posture with and without a lower body supporter through a threedimensional image analysis and by using Surface EMG. The study compared and analyzed the average muscle activity and the maximum muscle activity as well. Results: Every movement in a sitting posture is related to loads onto the knee joints and, when the farm workers move to sides, the study observed a high level of bowlegged moment. The study also noticed differences in muscle activity of medial gastrocnemius with and without the lower body supporter. Conclusion and Application: The study argues that what has been discussed so far is evidence to prove how the farm working environments should be improved in consideration of these movements observed when the farm workers move in a sitting posture.