• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify factors influencing depression in married middle-aged men. Subjects were 141 married middle-aged men (40~60 years) living in C and D city. Questionnaires included general characteristics, body mass index, marital intimacy, self-esteem, life event stress, and depression. Data were collected from August 15 to October 20, 2020. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS Win 23.0. As a results, depression had a significantly negative correlation with marital intimacy (r=-.44, p<.001) and self-esteem (β=-.40, p<.001). Self-esteem had a significantly positive correlation with marital intimacy (r=.48, p<.001). Factors influencing depression in marital middle-aged men were marital intimacy (β=-.24, p=.003) and self-esteem (β=-.40, p<.001). These variables explained 32.1% of depression. To reduce depression of married middle-aged men, nursing strategies considering marital intimacy and self-esteem must be provided to the middle-aged men.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1153-1162
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of pregnant women's participation in gymnastic exercise on their body evaluation and pregnancy stress. The subjects in this study were 100 female pregnant adults who were aged between 20 and 39 and resided in the region of Gangbook, Seoul. Out of them, 49 participants got pregnancy exercise, and 51 women didn't. A SPSS WIN 15.0 program was utilized to analyze the collected data, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression analysis were conducted. As a result of making a statistical analysis of the data, the following findings were given: First, the demographic characteristics of the pregnant women made differences to their body evaluation and pregnancy stress in part. Second, whether they got pregnancy exercise or not made partial differences to their body evaluation and pregnancy stress. Third, the body evaluation of the pregnant women exerted a partial influence on their pregnancy stress.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2007

This study examined the effects of parents' appearance-related parenting styles on children's adolescence and self-esteem by examining university students' appearance satisfaction. The results generated 3 different appearance-related parenting styles for fathers: indifference type (45.5%), conservative regulation type (32.0%) and appearance-pursuing type (22.5%), and three for mothers: opinion-respecting type (39.5%), conservative regulation type (32.6%) and appearance-pursuing type (27.9%). In addition, when the influence of parenting styles were compared based on children's self-esteem and their appearance satisfaction, male students' appearance satisfaction was affected more by their self-esteem than by parents' parenting styles. In comparison, female students' appearance satisfaction was influenced by parents' parenting styles. Specifically, appearance satisfaction and body satisfaction were high when the mother respected the children's opinions, and body satisfaction was rather low when the father was of appearance-pursuing. This result shows that parents need to respect their children's opinions on their appearance and guide them to find their own individuality in order to enhance the children's appearance satisfaction and self-esteem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.3 s.151
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• pp.436-446
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of men's and women's sex role identities and sex role discrepancies on their appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Congruency theory, androgyny theory, masculinity theory and self discrepancy theory were used to explore the influence of sex roles on appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Theories suggest that the influence would be different by gender. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 125 men and 197 women aged between 20 and 40 years living in the Seoul metropolitan area. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. For men, both appearance satisfaction and self esteem were influenced only by their perceived masculinity. For women, however, perceived femininity, femininity discrepancy and masculinity discrepancy had an influence on appearance satisfaction. All the four sex role variables had an influence on women's self esteem. BMI had a negative effect on self esteem for women, but no effect for men. According to the results, unlike men, whose appearance satisfaction and self esteem are only determined by how masculine they are, the women's levels of appearance satisfaction and self esteem are influenced not only by how feminine they are, but also by how masculine and feminine they want to be. The results of this study have implications for body image counselors or practitioners who try to help young women increase their self esteem and satisfaction to their appearance.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.125-133
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• 2005

The purpose at this study was to examine and understand shopping behaviors and body image among Korean females in U.S. Subjects for this research were 20 Korean housewives. They were interviewed for this study using an interview schedule. As a result, most at the subjects have enjoyed shopping in U.S. stores. They showed that they go shopping more often in U.S. than in Korea due to more time to shop. They considered refund policy and kind salespersons as th positive characteristics in U.S. stores, while they complained about size, quality, and style in even their favorite stores. Also, subjects tend to be dissatisfied with their bodies. Compared to how they feel in Korea, they especially feel lower body image and lower self-esteem in the U.S. Ninety percent of subjects considered their body affected their shopping behaviors. To compensate how they felt about their bodies, they responded that they limit or change clothing styles or colors when they shopped. Based on these results, socio-cultural body image regarding ideal beauty and shopping behavior would be discussed.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2007

Objectives : Physical activity is known as beneficial to mental health like decreasing depression and stress. In this study, we tried to find out the relationship between body composition, stress, depression, and self-esteem with physical activity level. Methods : International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ)-short form, SRRS(Social readjustment rating scale), SRI(Stress response index), and BDI(Beck's depression index), SES(Self-esteem scale) were given to peri-menopausal women aged 45-55 and BMI$\geq$23kg/m2. They were given written consent and this study is performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. Results : The mean of physical activity of total subjects was 2406MET-min/week(n=42). The physical activity of overweight(23kg/m2$\leq$BMI<25kg/m2) and obese(BMI$\geq$25kg/m2) permimenopausal women was 1428MET-min/week and 2970MET-min/week(p<0.05) respectively. When three levels of physical activity pattern(inactive, minimally active, and HEPA(Health-enhancing physical activity) active) was analyzed, all of them were heavily relied on the activity intensities of walking. The scores of BDI, SRRS, and SRI were lower and that of SES were higher in HEPA active group, not showing statical significance. Anger(subscale of SRI) measures were lower and SES measures were higher in HEPA active group than others among overweight women(p<0.05). Conclusions : The level of physical activity of peri-menopausal women was on the average, but the vigorous activity is thought to be necessary. The HEPA active group showed lower depression, stress and higher self-esteem than minimally active and inactive group.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2012

Objectives Body image distortion is found in eating disorder and obesity and there are some evidence that schizophrenia is associated with body image distortion. This study sought to find whether schizophrenic patients report more body image distortion than healthy individuals and whether it is related with symptomatology. Methods A total of 88 inpatients with schizophrenia and 88 healthy controls were recruited. Weight, height, and body image accuracy were assessed in all participants, and assessment of mood, psychotic symptom severity and self-esteem, and personal and social performance scale were conducted. Results The patients with schizophrenia had higher Body Mass Index (p < 0. 001) and underestimated their body size more than controls (26.14% vs. 5.13%, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that lower depressive symptoms and higher scores of general psychopathology predicted underestimation of body size. Conclusion Weight gain and metabolic syndrome are common adverse events of pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. Thus, underestimation of body size among patients with schizophrenia may interfere with effort to lose weight or seek weight reduction programs. Clinicians need to consider possible unterestimation of underestimation of body size in patients whose general symptomatology is severe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.1 s.149
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• pp.59-70
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• 2006

This study has analyzed females' motives and psychological experiences related to appearance-enhancement seeking behavior(weight control practice and cosmetic surgery). In this study, in-depth interviews were carried out to 11 females who had experienced weight control practices and cosmetic surgery in June 2001. There is social standard in ideal body image. One perceive a physical idea and own body through society(mass media, reference group), others and clothing, and recognize the ideal body and internalize the social standard as own worth. The discrepancies between ideal body image internalized as standards of own worth and real body image became a setup for body dissatisfaction. Increasing in body dissatisfaction, rejection of own body grow, furthermore body is perceived with distortion. In order to remove a negative body image and to reach ideal body image, appearance-enhancement seeking behavior such as weight control and cosmetic surgery is made. By appearance enhancing, one come to closer to ideal image of which one pursuit oneself. Therefore body satisfaction feeling increase, self·esteem rise, manner of life and character change to with affirmation. Otherwise, strengthening of appearance-concern and of appearance enhancement seeking desire has the possibility of developing into bulimia and cosmetic surgery addiction. Also, the standard of beauty in appearance rise by degrees, and that produces motives of appearance-enhancement seeking behavior.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in body image and attitudes and behaviors regarding cosmetic surgery between Korean and Americans. Forty females in the U.S and 40 in Korea participated in the study by being interviewed. As a result, while Koreans had positive attitudes toward cosmetic surgery, Americans had negative attitudes. Higher incidences of cosmetic surgery were found among Koreans than among Americans. Koreans with lower body image tended to have ore tolerance toward cometic surgery. These results suggest that cosmetic surgery might be one of many ways to improve their self-esteem, Korean women with lower body image showed higher attitudes or behaviors toward cosmetic surgery than Americans.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2996-3006
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate self-esteem, social support and depressive symptoms among college students, as well as to reveal its related factors. The self-administered questionnaire was filled out by 471 students from university located in Daejon city and Chungnam during two weeks from April 23, 2013. As a results, lower the self-esteem is, the depression level comes out to be higher. Also weaker social support is the factor to give rise to depression. Self-esteem and social support showed negative correlation with depression. Social support showed positive correlation with self-esteem. According to hierarchical multiple regression analysis, following factors influence depression level with explanatory powers of 23.8%: sex, age, stress for body shape, perceived economical status, studying time, self-esteem, and social support. In the conclusion, this result imply that depression level of college students is closely related to self-esteem and social support. Especially, social support showed higher correlation with depression.