• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1211-1218
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• 1991

The under water communication which use blue green lasers reviewed. In the view point of absorption and scattering, the optical characteristics of sea water are described. In addition, state of blue green lasers for under water communication are summarized.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.10 no.3_4
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• pp.7-13
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• 1995

The most periodlengths($\tau$) of conidiation of Neurospora were shortened in the medium with Li$^+$, Rb$^+$, and Cs$^+$ under the blue or green light. The higher the concentration of the heavy metal elements are, the shorter the circadian lengths are. The largest differences between the maxima- and minima circadian lengths showed in the medium with LiCI, RbCl, and CsCI under the blue lights at 150 Lux, while the little differences of circadian lengths presented in 1 mM heavy metal elements at the 270Lux blue light. Li$^+$ under the blue light effected extremely much and in the order of Rb$^+$ and Cs$^+$ on the conidiation of Neurospora. Under the green lights at 270Lux, the smallest changes of the circadian lengths are resulted in the medium with heavy metal elements. The other way at the green light 150Lux, the conidiation is stimulated by lmM LiCI or RbCl for the average 0.71h and 0.29h longer than the periodlength of control 28.34h. The medium with Li$^+$ under the green light has less effect on the conidiation rhythm of Neurospora than with Rb$^+$ or Cs$^+$.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.97-100
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• 2009

A backlight unit for a 42-inch LCD TV was manufactured with red, green, and blue LED lamps. The luminous and light extraction efficiencies of the LED lamps were increased by improving their light reflection structures and thermal properties. The blue, green, and red LED lamps showed different luminous efficiencies as a function of the input current. Compared to the conventional red LED lamp, however, the developed red LED lamp showed very high luminous efficiency in a low drive current. Taking these luminous efficiencies into account, the fabricated backlight unit showed high energy efficiency, low power consumption, and a wide color gamut.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

Photoinhibition and its recovery of spectrally adapted Anacystis nidulans were studied. Phycocyanin and Chl content and phycocyanin/Chl ratio were increased in cells grown under blue-green light compared with those grown in white light. Photosynthetic activities of white light and blue-green light grown cells were reduced by 50% after 15 min and 10 min of photoinhibitory light treatment (1.2 mmol·m-2s-1), respectively, largely due to the decline of PSII activities. However, their activities were recovered fully after 30 min incubation under weak light. Treatment of rifampicin and chloramphenicol magnified the photoinhibitory effects and suppressed the recovery with disappearance of susceptibility to photoinhibition and delayed the recovery process, indicating no significant differences in phosphorylation, dephosphorylation and protease activity between two cells. Therefore, it is suggested that the increased sensitivity of blue-green adapted cells might be attributed to the decline of protein synthesis, and phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of protein and protease activity might be involved in the recovery process.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.991-996
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• 2010

Blue-green and green LEDs have been successfully fabricated grown by MBE, which has introduced the $ZnS_ySe_{1-x-y}:Te_x$ (x=0.04, y~0.11-0.14) ternary epilayer as an active layer. From the I-V characteristics, the built-in voltage (~2.1 V) is very small compared to other wide bandgap LEDs, such as commercial InGaN-based LEDs (>3.2 V). From the C-V profiling, the effective carrier concentration in the p-type ZnMgSSe cladding layer was evaluated as ${\sim}2.8{\times}10^{16}\;cm^{-3}$ for the present LEDs.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2004

The literature review on the dynamics of the phytoplankton communities in terms of species composition, standing crops, abundant species and dominant species in the lower part of the Han River from 1940s to 2000s was conducted for the prospective prediction of their succession patterns. Total of 326 taxa were identified and they belonged to 47 blue-green algae, 139 green algae, 12 euglenoids, 126 diatoms, 6 din flagellates and 2 silicoflagellates. Composition of phytoplankton communities were 83.6% diatoms, 10.5% blue-green algae and 5.3% green algae in the middle of 1960s, whereas those were 43.2% diatoms, 40.7% green algae and 13.6% blue-green algae in the 1990s. Before 1990s, Synedra ulna, Melosira varians, Cymbella tumida, Synedra acus, Cymbella ventricosa, Navicula cryptocephala, Nitzschia palea, Aulacoseira granulata, Gomphonema parvulum and Cymbella affinis were most frequent, while those after 1990 were Asterionella formosa, Asterionella gracillima, Aulacoseira granulate, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima, Chlorella vulgare, Fragilaria crotonensis and Synedra ulna. Phytoplankton blooms were frequent from winter to the late spring and rare in summer due to heavy rain and discharge. Seasonal variations of the dominant species were fairly obvious; Asterionella gracillima and Aulacoseira granulata in spring, Aulacoseira granulate and Aulacoseira granulate var. angustissima in summer and autumn, Asterionella gracillima and Stephan discus hantzschii in winter. Recently blue-green algae, Microcystis, Aphanocapsa, Dactylococcopsis have been more abundant than those of the previous reports. Based on the current situations, Stephan discus hantzschii f. tennis, Asterionella gracillima, Aulacoseira granulate and blue-green algae will be more abundant and blooms of those species will be more frequent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1552-1563
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• 2009

This paper investigates the color rank system of the Wonsam, ceremonial topcoat, worn as a court formal costume of the Joseon dynasty by analyzing the court costume system and the actual examples of wearing. The research shows that there were some discrepancies of the color rank of the Wonsam between the court costume system and the actual wearing examples. There were red, purple, blue, green, and black Wonsam in the Joseon dynasty. The color rank of the Wonsam is as follows: the Queen's color was red, the Crown Princess's was green and purple, the royal concubine's was usually green and blue, but they could wear purple when they won the King's favor. A prince's wife's was usually green, but she wore blue and purple if she became the mother of the King. The princess's was green, and the court lady's was green, blue, and black. In most cases, the textiles of Wonsam were made by silk with patterns, even though Joseon dynasty was ordered to use silks without patterns in court weddings and funeral ceremonies to avoid extravagance.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2002

The world at the end of the $20^{th}$ Century has become "blue" Indeed, this past decade has witnessed a "blue rush" towards the development of violet-blue-green light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) based on wide bandgap III-Nitride semiconductors. And the hard work has culminated with, first, the demonstration of commercial high brightness blue and green LEDs and of commercial violet LDs, at the very end of this decade. Thanks to their extraordinary properties, these semiconductor materials have generated a plethora of activity in semiconductor science and technology. Novel approaches are explored daily to improve the current optoelectronics state-of-the-art. Such improvements will extend the usage and the efficiency of new light sources (e.g. white LEDs), support the rising information technology age (e.g. high density optical data storage), and enhance the environmental awareness capabilities of humans (ultraviolet and visible photon detectors and sensors). Such opportunities and many others will be reviewed in this presentation.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

The freshwater blooms mainly blue-green algal blooms occur frequently in the lower Naktong River in summer, which provoke many socio-economical problems; therefore, the early detection of bloom events are demanding through the quantitative and qualitative analyses of blue green algal species. The in vivo fluorescence properties of cultured strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, M. viridis, M. wesenbergii, M. ichthyoblabe, Anabaena cylindrica, A. flos-aquae, and Synedra sp. were investigated. Wild phytoplankton communities of the lower Naktong River were also monitored at four stations in terms of their standing stocks, biomass and fluorescence properties compared with its absorption spectram. The 77K fluorescence emission spectra of each cultured strains normalized at 620 nm was very specific and enabled to detect of blue green algal biomass qualitatively and quantitatively. The relative chlorophyll a concentration determined by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis method showed significant relationship with chlorophyll a concentration determined by solvent extraction method ($R^2$ = 0.906), and the blue-green algal cell number determined by microscopic observation ($R^2$ = 0.588), which gives insight into applications to early detection of blue green algal bloom.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.432-442
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of light colour on rabbit reproductive performance and the expression of key follicular development genes. Rabbits (n = 1,068, 5 months old, 3.6-4.4 kg live body weight) were divided randomly into four groups, housed individually in wire mesh cages and exposed to red, green, blue, and white light-emitting diode (LED) light (control). The lighting schedule was 16 L : 8 D-15 d / 150 lx / 6:00 am-22:00 pm (3 d preartificial insemination to 12 d postartificial insemination). Red light and white light affected the conception rate and kindling rate and increased the total litter size at birth (p < 0.05). The effects of red light on litter size at weaning, litter weight at weaning, and individual weight at weaning increased compared with the green and blue groups. The effects of red light on live litter size at birth were increased compared with those in the blue group (p < 0.05). Compared to white light, green and blue light reduced the number of secondary follicles (p < 0.05). Compared to red light, green and blue light reduced the number of tertiary follicles (p < 0.05). Compared with white light, red LED light resulted in greater ovarian follicle stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Compared with green and blue LED light, red LED light resulted in greater B-cell lymphom-2 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Compared with green LED light, red LED light inhibited FOXO1 mRNA expression in rabbit ovaries (p < 0.05). Red light can affect the reproductive performance of female rabbits and the expression of key genes for follicular development.