• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.187-194
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• 2004

The surface flames in porous ceramic burner are experimentally characterized to investigate the effects of equivalence ratio and firing rates. The results show that the surface flames are classified into green, red radiant and blue surface flame as the decrease of equivalence ratio. And each flame is maintained very stable and represents the same flame characteristics at any orientation of ceramic burner. Particularly the blue surface flame is found to be very stable at very lean equivalence ratio at 7000kcal/hr to 20000kcal/hr firing rates. And the exhausted NOx was analysed to find out which flame has lower NOx emission. The blue surface flame shows the lowest NOx emission regardless of the location of burner since it sustains very stable at lean mixture ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2001

The surface flames in porous ceramic burner are experimentally characterized to investigate the effects of equivalence ratio and firing rates. The results show that the surface flames are classified into green, red radiant and blue surface flame as decrease of equivalence ratio. And each flame is maintained very stably and shows the same flame characteristics at any orientation of ceramic burner. Particularly the blue surface flame was found to be very stable at very lean equivalence ratio at 200 to $800\;kw/m^2$ firing rates. And the exhausted NOx was analysed to find out which flame has lower NOx emission. The blue surface flame showed the lowest NOx emission regardless of the location of burner since it sustained very stable at lean mixture ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

The surface flames in perforated ceramic burner are experimentally characterized to investigate the effects of equivalence ratio and heating rate. The results show that the surface flames are classified into green, red radiant and blue surface flame as the decrease of equivalence ratio. Each flame is maintained very stable at the specified equivalence ratio and represents the same flame characteristics at any orientation of ceramic burner. Particularly the blue surface flame is found to be very stable at very lean equivalence ratio at 7000kcal/hr to 20000kcal/hr heating rates. And the exhausted NOx measurement shows that blue surface flame represents the lowest NOx emission regardless of the location of burner since it sustains very stable at lean mixture ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.92-97
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• 2002

By changing the excess air ratio which affects strongly to the combustion characteristics, the flame stability range in the metal fiber burner were found and the range of the blue flame male and radiant mode were distinguished by direct photography. The results in our experiments for the flame stability zone were from a=1.4($354 KW/m^2$) to a=2.06($240 KW/m^2$), and then the blue flame mode zone was form a=1.87($266 KW/m^2$) to a=2.06($240 KW/m^2$) and the radiant mode one was form a=1.4($354 KW/m^2$) to a =1.78($278 KW/m^2$). And the flame was not fired when a is less than the lean condition a=2.45($202 KW/m^2$).

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2005

We enhanced the color of blue sapphires and rubies successfully by using a oxygen-propane torch flame annealing, which had not been employed so far. We confirmed that about 1 mm-thick de-coloring of the corundum samples were available with 60 minutes flame annealing through eye evaluation, color coordination characterization, and methylene iodide immersion observation. We also suggest that the color centers such as $[Fe_{Al}^{\cdot}]$ may transform into transparent $[Fe_{Al}^{x}],\;[Cr_{A1}^{x}]$ sites with $[V_o^']$ generation at the elevated temperature in oxygen-rich atmosphere by diffusion mechanism. Our results implied that the longer diffusion time and the higher oxygen partial pressure might lead to the better de-coloring enhancement in corundum gem stones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.8-14
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• 2010

Fuel processing systems which convert fuel into rich gas (such as stream reforming, partial oxidation, autothermal reforming) need high temperature environment ($600{\sim}1,000^{\circ}$). Generally, anode-off gas or mixture of anode-off gas and LNG is used as input gas of fuel reformer. In order to make efficient and low emission burner system for fuel reformer, it is necessary to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristic of fuel reformer burner. The purpose of this study is to develop a porous premixed flat ceramic burner that can be used for 1~5 kW fuel cell reformer. Ceramic burner experiments using natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas, mixture of natural gas & anode off gas were carried out respectively to investigate the flame characteristics by heating capacity and equivalence ratio. Results show that the stable flat flames can be established for natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas and mixture of natural gas & anode off gas as reformer fuel in the porous ceramic burner. For all of fuels, their burning velocities become smaller as the equivalence ratio goes to the lean mixture ratio, and a lift-off occurs at lean limit. Flame length in hydrogen and anode off gas became longer with increasing the heat capacity. In particular, the blue surface flame is found to be very stable at a very lean equivalence ratio at heat capacity and different fuels. The exhausted NOx and CO measurement shows that the blue surface flame represents the lowest NOx and CO emissions since it remains very stable at a lean equivalence ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2009

Porous metal plates (Metal fiber, muti-hole metal plate) using mainly in surface burner are known to have a corrosion and durability problem under high temperature condition. In this study, premixed flat flame with perforated ceramic tile of more durable cordierite material was examined with respect to combustion stability and emission. The flat premixed ceramic burner consists of perforated ceramic tile and various type of baffle plates to form stable surface flame. The results show that most stable flat flame is generated using baffle plate with open ratio of 0.193. In downward flat flame mode which is widely used in condensing boiler, CO is measured below 50ppm from equivalence ratio 0.755 to 0.765 and $NO_X$ is measured below 12ppm from equivalence ratio 0.75 to 0.79. It is also found that the range of blue flame in flame stability curve becomes wider with increasing heat capacity.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.803-806
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• 2002

Flame spray pyrolysis was applied to improve the photoluminescence characteristics of blue-emitting $Sr_5(PO_4)_3Cl:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor particles with high brightness for the application to LED phosphor. $Sr_5(PO_4)_3Cl:Eu^{2+}$ prepared from conventional spray pyrolysis had poor PL intensity than that of commercial products under long-wavelength ultraviolet(UV). $Sr_5(PO_4)_3Cl:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor particles prepared by flame spray pyrolysis had PL intensity as same as that of commercial products under long-wavelength UV. Hollow morphology and porous structure of the particles prepared by the flame spray pyrolysis disappeared after posttreatment. Even though the $Sr_5(PO_4)_3Cl:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor particles prepared by the flame spray pyrolysis had irregular shape, the particles had dense structure and clear surface property.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.5-10
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• 2012

The reformer system is a chemical device that drives the conversion of hydrocarbon to hydrogen rich gas under high temperature environment($600-1,000^{\circ}C$). Generally, NG(Natural Gas) or AOG(Anode Off Gas) is used as fuel of fuel cell reformer combustion system. The experimental study to analyze the combustion characteristics of a premixed ceramic burner used for 0.5-1.0 kW fuel cell reformer was performed. Ceramic burner experiments using NG and AOG were carried out to investigate the flame stability characteristics by heating capacity, equivalence ratio and different fuels respectively. The results show that surface flames can be classified into green, red, blue and lift-off flames as the equivalence ratio of methane-air mixture decreases. And the stable flames can be established using NG and AOG as reformer fuel in the perforated ceramic burner. In particular, the blue flame is found to be stable at a lean equivalence ratio under different mixture conditions of NG and AOG for the 0.5 to 1.0 kW fuel cell system power range. NOx emission is under 60 ppm between 0.70 to 0.78 of equivalence ratio and CO emission is under 50 ppm between 0.70 to 0.84 of equivalence ratio.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2348-2353
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• 2007

In this work, combustion-synthesized $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with UV light irradiation. Also the results were compared with those of commercial $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (Degussa, P-25). Particle characteristics of the two were analyzed thru the SEM, TEM, and XRD. In spite of the lower specific surface area than that of P-25, the $TiO_2$ nanoparticles formed in this study showed the relatively good ability to degrade the concentration of the organics.