• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) derived from Pleurotus eryngii on the hematological and biochemical blood properties of elk. A total of 18, two and three-year-old elk were fed three different levels of SMS (0, 15 and 20%) in a corn-wheat bran diet for 80 days. The results indicated significantly high levels of blood monocytes, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) in elk fed 15% or 20% SMS (p<0.05) compared to control animals. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose concentrations were also significantly elevated in elk fed both 15% and 20% SMS. The inclusion of SMS in the elk diet did not affect serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations; however, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in SMS-fed groups. In addition, 20% SMS in the diet increased serum iron and testosterone concentrations in elk. These results indicate that adding SMS to the diet of elk can increase their Hgb, serum BUN, glucose, and HDL-cholesterol concentration; therefore, diets containing SMS may enhance the physiologic condition of elk during growth.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

Background: Examination of the effects of deer antler, old antler, and antler glue on postmenopausal osteoporosis in an ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rat model. Methods: The study involved 7 experimental groups; SHAM (sham-operated rats), OVX (ovariectomized rats), E2 (ovariectomized rats with estradiol $10{\mu}g/kg$ daily, orally), DA (ovariectomized rats with deer antler extract 5.83 mg/kg), OA (ovariectomized rats with old antler extract 3.8 mg/kg), low-AG (ovariectomized rats with low dose of antler glue powder 12.5 mg/kg), high-AG (ovariectomized rats with high dose of antler glue powder 37.5 mg/kg). After 6 weeks of treatment, body weight, blood calcium, phosphorus, estradiol, liver [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT)] and kidney [blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio] function, and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Results: The body weights of DA, OA, low-AG, and high-AG groups did not significantly differ from OVX group. Blood estradiol levels were significantly increased in the DA, low-AG, and high-AG groups compared to the OVX group. Blood calcium, phosphorus, ALP, AST, and ALT levels and BUN/creatinine ratio did not show significant changes in the DA, OA, low-AG, and high-AG groups. BMDs of the femur, and femoral head and neck were significantly increased in the low-AG group. In the OA group, the BMD of the femoral head and neck was significantly increased. Conclusion: Treatment with deer antler, or antler glue for 6 weeks was effective for increasing estradiol and femoral BMD in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that this may be of therapeutic benefit for osteoporosis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2012

${\beta}$-Glucan purified from oats (OG) and bitter melon, Momordica charantia Linn (MC), water extracts have shown favorable effects on diabetes and its complications. We investigated to find out the optimal composition showing hypoglycemic and antidiabetic complication effects in variable compositions (OG:MC = 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1). Extracts were administered orally once a day for 28 days following 7 days post streptozotocin (STZ) dosing. Five rats per group (total 15 groups; Intact, STZ, OG, MC, and the variable composition groups) were selected according to the blood glucose and body weight at 6 days after STZ dosing. After 28 days of extracts dosing, the changes on the body weight, liver and kidney weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total-cholesterol levels were observed. As the result of STZ-induced diabetes, decreases of body weight, increases of the liver and kidney weights, blood glucose, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, and total-cholesterol levels in STZ control were detected compared with intact control. However, these changes of hyperglycemia, diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy, and hyperlipemia were dramatically decreased in the OG and MC single-dosing group, and all composition groups. In addition, there were more favorable effects in all composition groups compared with the OG and MC single-dosing groups. Among variable compositions, the OG:MC 1:2 mixed group showed the most synergic effects in this study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between changes in disease severity and serum total IgE or eosinophil count in individual patients of atopic dermatitis depending on the change of severity. Methods : We performed a retrospective chart review of 8 cases of atopic dermatitis who underwent blood tests more than five times. Disease severity was assessed by objective SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index (OSI). Blood tests include serum total IgE, eosinophil counts, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr). In each subject, on the day that the blood test was performed, OSI was also assesed by a same physician. Correlation between OSI and total IgE or eosinophil count was analysed by nonparametric correlation analysis. Results : There was a statistically significant positive correlation between OSI and total IgE in three cases and a positive correlation between OSI and eosinophil count in two cases. In other three cases, there were no significant correlation. There were no cases that OSI correlated with total IgE and eosinophil count at the same time. In all cases, AST, ALT, BUN and SCr were stable. Conclusions : We suggest that total IgE and eosinophil count may reflect the severity of atopic dermatitis differently in individual patients. We also suggest that total IgE and eosinophil counts may be used as biomarkers to predict the severity of atopic dermatitis in some patients depending on the underlying pathology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1518-1523
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of various feeding regimens on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, nitrogen retention, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and feed cost in young pigs weaned at 21 days of age. One hundred twenty crossbred pigs (Landrace${\times}$Large White${\times}$Duroc, average 6.8 kg BW), weaned at 21 days of age, were allotted to 5 treatments in a 5 replicates by a randomized completely block (RCB) design. Treatments were as follow: 1) 1P (1-4 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%), 2) 2P-I (1 week: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 2-4 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 3) 2P-II (1-2 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 3-4 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 4) 2P-III (1-3 weeks: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 4 week: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%), 5) 3P (1 week: CP 23% and lysine 1.60%, 2-3 weeks: CP 21% and lysine 1.45%, 4 week: CP 19% and lysine 1.30%). Three different diets were formulated and supplied according to phase feeding programs. Diet 1 contains 23% crude protein and 1.60% lysine, diet 2 contains 21% crude protein and 1.45% lysine and diet 3 contains 19% crude protein and 1.30 lysine, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in growth performances, there was a beneficial effect of 3 phase feeding. The ADG was higher in 3P treatment than other treatments and it was observed clearly in late period (3-4 weeks) than in early period. Also, with increase in age, growth rate of pigs in 3P treatment was higher than that in 1P treatment approximately 37% (p=0.1379). There were no significant differences among all treatments in nutrient digestibility. The concentration of BUN was higher in pigs were fed diet containing 21% crude protein and 1.45% lysine (eg, 2P-1 and 3P) than those supplied diet containing high nutrient value at 2 week. The lowest feed cost/kg weight gain of pigs showed in 3P among treatments (p<0.05) whereas, high feed cost/kg weight gain of pigs was calculated in 1P and 2P-II treatments compared with 2P-I and 2 P-II (p<0.05), because of high milk products were used in those diet.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-112
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• 2005

1. Objective : The present author have examined the comparative effects of Hyeongbangjihwang-tang and Sibimikwanjung-tang in glycerol-induced acute renal failure, a model for myoglobinuric acute renal failure. 2. Methods : Above two prescriptions were applied to rat ad libitum and serum level of creatinine, glucose and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured. And serum level of $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$, too. 50%(vol/vol) glycerol at a dose of 10 ml/kg of rat body weight intramuscularly and 1% concentration of prescriptions were applied to rats for 7 days ad libitum. 3. Results : Serum level of creatinine and $K^+$ significantly increased by glycerol injection, and these showed pre-renal and renal cause of acute renal failure. Hyeongbangjihwang-tang administered group showed decreasing tendency on serum level of creatinine when compared with control groups, but not significant. Sibimikwanjung-tang administered group showed significant increase of serum level of BUN when compared with control groups. 4. Conclusions : Above two prescriptions showed no significant changes on glycerol induced acute renal failure, but Hyeongbangjihwang-tang and Sibimikwanjung-tang showed a little different manner of response.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.644-657
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects and safety of the Zeo lyung tang (ZLT) on primary glomerulonephritis (PGN). Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL, CNKI, RISS, NDSL, KISS, and OASIS databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effects of ZLT on PGN. The Cochrane collaboration bias risk assessment scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. Results: Ten RCTs involving 781 patients were included in the review. Compared with conventional Western medicine (WM) therapy alone, a combination treatment of ZLT and WM improved the total effective rate (RR=1.24; 95%CI [1.16, 1.33]; p<0.00001), reduce the blood urea nitrogen (BUN; MD=-1.05; 95%CI [-1.32, -0.78]; p<0.00001) and the 24-hour urinary protein (MD=-0.38; 95%CI [-0.46, -0.29]; p<0.00001). Conclusions: The combination of ZLT with WM has therapeutic effects on PGN, and it has advantages over WM treatment alone in reducing BUN and 24-hour urinary protein. However, due to the low quality of the included studies and the small sample sizes, additional research is needed in this area.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of a fluid intake intervention on increasing fluid intake and ameliorating dehydration status in elders admitted to long-term care hospitals. Methods: A nonequivalent control group, pretest and posttest design was used. The experimental group of 39 participants received the 4-week intervention while the control group of 38 participants received routine care. Outcome variables were daily fluid intake and physiological indexes such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr), urine specific gravity (USG), and urine color. Results: After the intervention to increase fluid intake, there were statistically significant increases in daily fluid intake, normal BUN/Cr, and USG in the experimental group. However, a statistically significant improvement in normal urine color was not found for either group. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that the fluid intake intervention improved hydration status of the experimental group participants. Consequently, it was confirmed that the intervention is considered to be effective in preventing dehydration which occurs frequently in older adults in long-term care facilities and, thus this intervention may contribute to preventing various health issues resulting from dehydration.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of nutrition education and aerobic exercise program on weight control program of middle aged abdominal obese women. Data for the study were collected from February 14 to April 22, 2005. The study objects were 10 pre-obese women and 10 obese women. The results were as follows; Body weight, body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference of pre-obese group and obese group were significantly decreased. Nutrition education and aerobic exercise program on body weight and waist circumference were more effective in obese group than in pre-obese group. Total Cholestreol and Creatinine of pre-obese group and Total Cholestreol, Creatinine, U/A and Glucose of obese group were significantly decreased. TG(Triglyceride), BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen), U/A(Uric Acid), Glucose, SGOT(Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) and SGPT(Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) of prer-obese group and TG, BUN, SGOT and SGPT of obese group were no differences. Obesity management program on Total Cholestreol were more effective in obese group than in pre-obese group. Therefore, it is concluded that the nutrition education and aerobic exercise program on weight control program of middle aged abdominal obese women were more effective in obese group than in pre-obese group.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.133-144
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• 1996

This study investigated the effect of InJinORyungSan on the nephrotoxicity in rat treated with cyclosporin A. Control group were injected with cyclosporin A alone. whereas test group were injected with cyclosporin A and InJinORyungSan extract. In the control group, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(S-Cr) and renal lipid peroxidation(LPO) level were significantly increased, but renal superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was significantly decreased. In the kidney of control group, the destruction of distal convoluted tubules(DCT) and proximal convoluted tubules(PCT) were observed in renal cortex, lymphocytes and fibroblast were appeared in the portion of DCT destruction. However, in the test group, BUN, S-Cr and renal LPO level were significantly decreased as compared with control group, on the other hand, renal SOD activity was significantly increased. In the kidney of test group, the destruction of DCT and PCT were repaired as compared with control group. These results demonstrated that InJinORyungSan. can be attributed to recovery from nephrotoxicity, We consider that activated SOD by InJinORyungSan suppress renal LPO or production of free radicals induced by cyclosporin A.