• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2003

A survey was conducted in certain parts of Haryana to record the prevalence of micro mineral deficiency in buffaloes. The prevalence of soil Cu, Co, Zn and Fe deficiency was 55.26%, 6.9%, 59.12% and 7.89% respectively. While that of fodder Cu, Co, Zn and Fe was 60.64%, 6.7%, 61.22% and 11.37% respectively. The overall prevalence of serum Cu, Co, Zn and Fe deficiency in Haryana was 59.2%, 19.1%, 59.2% and 19.9% respectively. The correlation co-efficient of Cu, Co, Zn and Fe in soil, fodder and serum was significant in most of the cases the values were above 0.8. Blood examination revealed significant decrease in haemoglobin and TEC level. However, no variation in level of TLC were observed in mineral deficient buffaloes. In micro mineral deficiency, thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) levels were decreased in buffaloes. Marginally lower concentration of vitamin A and E were observed in mineral deficient buffaloes in Haryana. The highest deficiency of micro minerals was 61.76% in copper at Ambala followed by 65.86% in zinc at Rhotak. For therapeutic studies a mineral mixture was prepared according to defiency obtained and fed to three groups of animals. Observation was recorded on 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Group A consist of normal healthy animals and group B mineral deficient animal untreated and group C mineral deficient animal, treated with prepared mineral mixture. 25 gram of mineral mixture was fed daily along with normal ration. There was increase in body weight, milk yield, haemoglobin concentration and total erythrocyte level in group C animals when compared to group B animals. The milk yield in group C animals increased to 6.970${\pm}$0.41 after 60th day of supplement in comparison to 0 day where it was 5.910${\pm}$0.37, similarly the body wt. of group C animals increased from 129.42${\pm}$01.13 (at 0 day) to 159.31${\pm}$03.61 at 60th day of treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2024

Background: Despite the rise in the number of domestic indoor climbing gyms, there is a lack of specific hygiene standards and research on the holds installed in them. Holds can act as vectors for microbial transmission through the hands, posing a risk of infectious diseases, especially with damaged skin. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the contamination level and species of microorganisms on holds according to the management methods practiced in indoor climbing gyms and identify effective strategies for reducing microbial contamination. Methods: We investigated factors that may influence microbial contamination of holds, including hold management methods, user information, and hygiene management at three climbing gyms in Seoul. A total of 72 holds were sampled, 18 for each management method of brushing, high-pressure washing, and ethanol disinfection. Samples were cultured on LB and blood agar at 37℃ for 48 hours to calculate CFUs. PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA was carried out to identify microorganisms. Dunn-Bonferroni was employed to see the microbial reduction effect of the management method and the difference in microbial contamination by management method and climbing gym. Results: As a result of microbial identification, microorganisms such as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus, which were derived from various environments such as skin and soil, were discovered on the surface of the climbing hold. Among the discovered microorganisms, some species had potential pathogenic properties that could cause food poisoning, gastrointestinal disease, bacteremia, and sepsis. All hold management methods were effective in reducing microorganisms (p<0.05), with ethanol disinfection being the most effective (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicate that there are potential pathogens on holds that demand thorough management for microbial prevention. Proposed methods include regular brushing and ethanol disinfection in addition to high-pressure washing with long cycles, which are the existing forms of hold management. Further studies on shoe management are advised to curb soil-derived microorganisms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.800-809
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different ratios of corn silage (CS): alfalfa hay (AH), and extruded soybeans (ESB) on milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites, and fatty acids in milk fat and plasma. Ninety multiparous Holstein cows were arranged in a randomized block design experiment which lasted 14 weeks. Treatments were arranged as a $3{\times}3$ factorial with 0%, 5% or 10% ESB (dry matter basis) and three forage treatments: I) 30% CS, 10% AH and 10% Leymus chinense hay (LC); ii) 20% corn silage, 20% alfalfa hay and 10% LC; iii) 10% CS, 30% AH and 10% LC. Cows were allowed to consume a total mixed ration ad libitum. There was no change of dry matter intake when cows were fed the experimental diets. As more AH was added to the diets, milk yield, milk protein content and yield, and trans9, cis11-conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) concentrations in milk fat and plasma increased. When ESB were supplemented to the diets, milk yield, and trans9, cis11-CLA concentration in milk fat and plasma increased. When 10% ESB was added to the diet containing 30% AH the trans9, cis11-CLA content (1.46 g/100 g of total fatty acids) in milk was the highest among all treatments. These results suggests that AH could replace part of a CS diet and be a good forage source of diet for dairy cows to improve milk yield and milk composition. Meanwhile, ESB could be included in the diet with high AH to improve production performance of dairy cows.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a bioaccumulative, persistent, and toxic pollutant. HCB is one of the 12 priority of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) intended for global action by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Governing Council. POPs are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Some of HCB is ubiquitous in air, water, soil, and biological matrices, as well as in major environmental compartments. HCB has effects on various organs such as thyroid, bone, skin, kidneys and blood cells and especially, revealed strong toxicity to liver. In this study, we identified genes related to hepatotoxiciy induced by HCB in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells using microarray and gene ontology (GO) analysis. Through microarray analysis, we identified 96 up- and 617 down-regulated genes changed by more than 1.5-fold by HCB. And after GO analysis, we determined several key pathways which known as related to hepatotoxicity such as metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, complement and coagulation cascades, and tight junction. Thus, our present study suggests that genes expressed by HCB may provide a clue for hepatotoxic mechanism of HCB and gene expression profiling by toxicogenomic analysis also affords promising opportunities to reveal potential new mechanistic markers of toxicity.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2005

In order to investigate the epidemiological situation of intestinal parasite infections in Lao PDR, parasitological surveys were carried out on a national scale including 17 Provinces and the Vientiane Municipality. A total of 29,846 stool specimens were collected from primary schoolchildren in May 2000 June 2002 and examined once with the cellophane thick smear technique. The cumulative egg Positive rate For intestinal helminthes was 61.9%, BV species, the rate for As caris lumbricoides was 34.9%, hookworm 19.1%, Trichuris trichiura 25.8%,Opisthorchis viverrini 10.9%, Taenia spp. 0.6% and Hymenolepis spp. 0.2%. The northern mountainous regions suck as Phongsaly, Huaphan or Saysomboune Province showed higher prevalence(over 70%) of soil- transmitted helminthes. The regions along the Mekong River such as Khammuane, Saravaue or Savannakhet Province showed higher prevalence(over 20%)of fish-borne parasites. On the other hand, Schistosoma mekongi eggs were detected from1.7% of schoolchildren only in Champassak Province, a previously known endemic area. The highest prevalence was noted in Phongsaly Province(96.0%) and the lowest in Bolikhamxay Province(27.5%). An additional smal1-scale survey by cellophane anal swab detected Enterobius vermicularis eggs in 35.7% of 451 schoolchildren aged 6-8 in Khammuane, Vientiane, Champassak Province and the Vientiane Municipality. Meanwhile, the mean blood hemoglobin level of hootrworm-infected children was not lower than that of hookworm-uninfected children, suggesting that nutritional factors are more important than parasite infection per se. Nevertheless, the above results indicate that a nationwide parasite control project is necessary to reduce possible morbidity of parasitic diseases in the country.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of brucellosis in Korean native cattle in a farm where bovine brucellosis was confirmed 3 times from September 2006 to March 2007. Of 74 bulls serum samples examined, 21 (28.4%) were positive by Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and Standard tube agglutination test (STAT). In the isolation test from seropositive bulls, B abortus was isolated and identified from 2 specimens (testis, intestinal lymph node) among 6 kinds of specimens including blood, urine, feces and soil. Isolation rate of intestinal lymph node and testis was 25% (3/12 cases) and 16.7% (2/12), respectively. B abortus was also isolated from calves below 12 months old, i.e., 1 isolate (25.0%) was confirmed from testis, 4 (40.0%) from supra-mammary lymph nodes and 1 (25.0%) from intestinal lymph node. All isolates had Brucella specific 16s r-RNA with 905-bp band detected by PCR assay. For the more effective control of bovine brucellosis in korea, this paper would like to suggest that all of bulls and calves should be included in the screening tests.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2023

Long-term culture of cell lines is an important issue in in vitro culture and in plant science. In this study, the regeneration ability and ex vitro acclimatization of regenerants were evaluated. The ploidy level of regenerants derived from long-term cultured cell lines was measured in Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra', Poaceae. Adventitious buds (shoots) were successfully induced from five-year-cultured calli on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L BA or 2.0 mg/L TDZ, combined with 0.01 mg/L auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA and 2,4-D), respectively. Adventitious roots were also induced on MS medium containing 0.01 mg/L auxins (IBA, NAA and 2,4-D), respectively. Interestingly, regenerants with both red and green leaf were successfully obtained when regenerants were cultured on MS medium with 9% sucrose. Regenerants derived from long-term cultured calli were transferred to pots using an optimal acclimatization process and successfully adapted to both pot and soil conditions. Moreover, the ploidy level was measured using calli and regenerants that had been kept on MS medium containing various kinds of plant growth regulators (PGRs).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.227-259
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• 1989

Waterpepper is a weed which grows on damp soil. especially near swamps, and in shallow water of ponds and ditches. It Is widespread throughout the country In abundant colonies. In the present experiments, possible toxic effects of waterpepper were investigated in ruminants. Pour cows were fed waterpepper ad libitum or by force in the from of green forage, hay and/or powder, 8 goats were administered in the form of methanol extract, and 4 goats, crude juice, into the lumen. Clinical signs were examined as well as urinalysis, hematology, serum chemical analysis, pH/blood gas analysis and chclinesterase activities following administration of waterpepper. Six goats which were administered the methanol extract or crude juice were sacrificed for pathological examinations., In addition to the clini copathological examinations, the chemical constituents of waterpepper were qualitively analyzed from the methanol extract and the Effects of the waterpepper crude juice were examined on the motility of rabbit duodenum and uterus. It is revealed that waterpepper contains steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin and essential oils in the methanol extract and nitrates in the crude juice. The crude juice of waterpepper relaxed the rabbit uterine and duodenal smooth muscles. The constraction of duodenum by acetylcholine or BaCl$_2$ were partially inhibited by pretreatment of the crude juice. However, the relaxation of duodenum by the crude juice was not blocked by the pretreatments of phenoxybenzamlne, propranolol, cocaine, reserpine and tetrodotoxin. The constituents of waterpepper to evoke elaxation of duodenal smooth muscle were stable to heat. The cows administered waterpepper showed common clinical symptoms such as acrid expression, restlessness, dullness, inappetence, anorexia, severe diarrhea, mild bloat and left displacement of abomasum, while bloody feces was shown in a cow. The goats administered the mothanol extract showed common clinical signs such as acrid expression, restlessness, dullness, inappetence and soft feces, while bloody feces was shown in a goat, A goat adminstered the crude juice showde bloody feces and diarrhea. Respiratory rates and heart beats were increased along with diarrhea in the experimental cows. The erythrocyte counts and MCHC were decreased whereas PCV, MCV and neutrophils were increased in the cows administered waterpepper. In goats administered methanol extract, there were decreases in erythrocytes, PCV and hemoglobin content, and an increase in MCHC. The goats ingester with the crude juice showed negligible changes in hematologic values compared with control group which was administered the same amount of water instead of the crude juice. The contents of serum calcium, Inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, Iron, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides and phospholipids were tended to decrease in cows. In goats serum iron, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, BUN and phospholipids content were decreased while the content of sodium and chloride were increased after administration of the methamol extract The goats ingested with the crude juice did not show significant changes in serum chemical analysis. Even though there were some pathological findings such as hyperemia in the small intestines and kidneys and swelling of liver parenchymal cells, the values of serum AST, ALT, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and creatinine did not change significantly. While proteins, hemoglobin and blood were detected in the urine of cows, urine pH, ketone bodies, glucose, bilirubin and urobilinogen content were normal or undetected. There were no significant changes in pH/bolld gas analysis data of cows and cholinesterase activities of plasma and erythrocytes of cows and goats ingested with waterpepper or the methanol extract. It is concluded that waterpepper irritates the gatrointestinal system, causes abdominal pain, relaxes the gastrointestinal smooth muscle and dilatates blood vessels supplied to the system. The irritation and relaxation may lead to abnormal fermentation, maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients and result in diarrhea, body feces, mild bloat and left displacement of abomasum.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1401-1407
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• 2008

본 연구는 $\alpha$-glucosidase의 강력한 효소저해제인 1-deoxynojirimycin(DNJ)을 고효율로 생산하는 균주의 선발 및 동정, 배양최적화 및 균 배양액의 혈당강하효과 등에 관하여 조사하였다. 먼저 토양으로부터 $\alpha$-glucosidase에 대해 강력한 저해능을 나타내는 9균주를 대상으로 이 중에서 DNJ 생산성이 가장 우수한 한 개 균주를 최종 선발하였고, 이 균주를 16S rDNA 염기서열분석으로 균주동정을 하여 Bacillus subtilis S10이라 명명하였다. 본 균주의 배양액을 이온교환수지법(Amberlyst 15 $H^+$ form, Dowex $1{\times}2$-100 $OH^-$ form, Amberlite CG-50 $NH_3^+$ form)에 의해 DNJ를 정제하고, 정제된 DNJ를 LC-MS로 분석한 결과 표준 DNJ와 동일한 물질임을 확인하였다. DNJ 대량생산을 위한 S10균주의 배양 최적탄소원 및 최적질소원과 이들의 최적농도를 조사한 결과 각각 1% galactose, 1.6% polypeptone임이 밝혀졌으며, 확립된 최적화 조건에서의 DNJ 생산량은 0.75 g/L이었다. 고혈당 유도 마우스를 대상으로 각종 혈당강하제의 효과를 알아보기 위해 혈당치를 비교한 결과 무처리구의 혈당치 $510{\pm}10.9\;mg/dL$에 비해 acarbose 처리구는 $139.4{\pm}33.1\;mg/dL$, 누에분말 처리구는 $209.1{\pm}19.6\;mg/dL$, 그리고 S10 균주 배양액 처리구는 $208.6{\pm}39.8\;mg/dL$로써 무처리구에 비해 각각 72.7%, 59.0%, 그리고 59.1%의 혈당 억제율을 나타냈다. 이상의 연구결과 S10균주 배양액은 누에분말과 같은 수준의 고혈당 억제 및 완화효과가 있음이 확인되었으며 향후 S10균주의 대량생산을 통해 식후혈당조절을 위한 건 강기능식품 개발이 기대된다 하겠다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2002

산국(Chrysanthemum boreale M.)은 국화과에 속하는 다년생 식물이며 우리나라에 널리 분포하는 자생식물자원으로서 오래 전부터 식용과 약용으로 널리 이용되어 왔다. 최근 건강에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 산국의 수요가 급증하고 있으나 자연채집을 위주로 하기 때문에 공급을 충당하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 우수품질의 산국을 대량생산하기 위해 질소시비반응 시험을 실시하였다. 처리구는 질소수준에 따라 6처리구(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, $250kg\;ha^{-1}$)로 설정하였다. 이때 모든 처리구에서 기본적으로 $P_2O_5-K_2O=80-80kg\;ha^{-1}$을 시비하였다. 그 결과, 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 수량이 증가하였다. 전체 산국을 건물중으로 하여 회귀곡선을 통해 추정한 결과 N $246kg\;ha^{-1}$였으며, 꽃의 수량은 N $226kg\;ha^{-1}$이였다. 꽃의 주요 아미노산은 proline이였고 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 아미노산의 함량이 증가하였다. 이때 질소의 이용율은 41.5-61.8%였고 N100처리구에서 가장 높았다. Sespuiterpene계 화합물로서 우수한 혈압강하효과를 가지고 있는 물질인 Cumambrin A의 함량은 식물부위 중 꽃에 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 Cumambrin A의 함량이 다소 감소하였으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 꽃에서 Cumambrin A의 전체 함량은 산국의 수량증가에 따라 질소 시비량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 유효성분이 많이 함유된 양질의 산국재배를 위해 질소의 적정시비량은 $225{\sim}250kg\;ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 판단되었으며 포장시험을 통한 현장입증시험이 있어야 할 것으로 판단된다.