• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.252-263
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• 2013

Objectives : Skin color deformation by cupping has been widely used as a diagnostic parameter in Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM). Skin color deformation such as ecchymoses and purpura is induced by local vacuum in a suction cup. Since existing studies have relied on a visual diagnostic method, there is a need to use the quantitative measurement method. Methods : We conducted an analysis of cross-polarization photographic images to assess the changes in skin color deformation. The skin color variation was analyzed using $L^*a^*b^*$ space and the skin erythema index(E.I.). The meridian theory in TKM indicates that the condition of primary internal organs is closely related to the skin color deformation at special acupoints. Before conducting these studies, it is necessary to evaluate whether or not skin color deformation is influenced by muscle condition. Hence, we applied cupping at BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20 and BL23 at Bladder Meridian(BL) and measured blood lactate at every acupoint. Results : We confirmed the high system measurement accuracy, and observed the diverse skin color deformations. Moreover, we confirmed that the $L^*$, $a^*$ and E.I. had not changed after 40 minutes(p>0.05). The distribution of blood lactate levels at each part was observed differently. Blood lactate level and skin color deformation at each part was independent of each other. Conclusions : The negative pressure produced by the suction cup induces a reduction in the volumetric fraction of melanosomes and subsequent reduction in epidermal thickness. The relationship between variations of tissue and skin properties and skin color deformation degree must be investigated prior to considering the relationship between internal organ dysfunction and skin color deformation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

This study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary addition of Germanium (Ge) on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical properties and yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens. At 74 weeks of age, a total of 360 Hy-line brown commercial layers were divided into four treatments with five replicates per treatment. Four dietary levels of Ge (0, 1, 2 and 4%) were added to the basal diets (ME: 2,750 kcal/kg, CP: 16%) and fed corresponding diet for a period of 12 weeks. The effects of these treatments on production performance and egg quality were measured three times at four week intervals, and at the end of the experiment, blood and egg yolk fatty acid were analyzed. The results showed that production performance parameters including egg production rate, feed intake, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were non-significant, but dietary addition of 2% Ge tended to increase egg production rate. Eggshell strength was found to be significantly higher in Ge supplemented groups than in the control group (P<0.05), and eggshell thickness was also trended to be improved in Ge treated groups. In serum, triglyceride content was significantly greater (P<0.05), and the highest total cholesterol was found in hens of the control group as compared with that of the Ge supplemented groups. The yolk fatty acid composition including polyunsaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid were not affected among the treatments but addition of 2 or 4% Ge in basal diet had significantly (P<0.05) increased monounsaturated fatty acid. Therefore, supplementation of Ge in laying hens diet has positive effects on egg quality and triglyceride in serum.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 1993

To define the effects of various levels $(0\~1.5\%)$ of dietary n-3HUFA on the physiological changes in the Korean rockfish, variations in blood variables and hepatocytes were studied. Biochemical serum analyses, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of the liver cytosol and ATPase activity of the liver microsomal membrane were also studied. The haematological values (red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC, MCV and MCH) were not significantly different in the experimental groups $(P\geq0.05)$. The total protein and glucose levels in the serum were affected by dietary n-3HUFA levels. These levels in groups fed n-3HUFA insufficient diets were significantly lower than those of n-3HUFA sufficient groups (P<0.05). Serum levels of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetatic transaminase (GOT) showed significantly higher values in the fish fed n-3HUFA deficient diets (P<0.05). The LDH in the serum was dropped with increasing dietary n-3HUFA levels, but the LDH activity of the liver cytosol was elevated. Histologically, the hepatic cell in the fish fed n-3HUFA free diet was abnormal and showed a necrotic condition. $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ activities of the liver microsomal membrane were significantly lower in the fish fed n-3HUFA deficient diets than in those fed n-3HUFA sufficient diets (p<0.005). These results suggested that the liver cell membrane was affected by dietary fatty acid compositions and cell membrane of the fish fed n-3HUFA insufficient diets showed abnormalities.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

The present study was designed to explore the antioxidant effect of Bamboo powder and its immunoreactivity in pigs. We investigated the functional properties of Bamboo extracts by means of measuring the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoid as well as determining ABST, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and anticancer activity. The total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents of Bamboo extracts were 171.25 mg/g and 127.5 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, ABST radical scavenging activity of Bamboo extracts were 17.3%, 12.5% and 21.5%, respectively. Evidenced by MTT and cell cycle assay, Bamboo dose-dependently inhibited the cell proliferation and induced G0/G1-phase arrest in CHO cells at concentrations of 100, 250, and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ Bamboo extracts. More than 80% of apoptotic cells were observed by staining with annexin V in 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ Bamboo-treated CHO cells, indicating that Bamboo had potent anticancer activities. Next, to investigate the effect of Bamboo on cytokine, immunoglobulin concentration, and blood compositions, flatting pigs were fed with Bamboo powder for 38 days. Flatting pigs were divided into 4 groups; basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 1% Bamboo powder (T1), 2% Bamboo powder (T2), and 3% Bamboo powder (T3). The level of hemoglobin increased in the all Bamboo-fed groups compared with the normal control group. In particular, platelet levels in the all Bamboo-treated groups increased by approximately 90% compared with the levels from pig on a normal control. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) in the pigs fed Bamboo powder were modestly increased, and the interferon-${\gamma}$ level also was strongly increased in 2% or 3% Bamboo-fed groups compared with the levels in control groups. Together, these results demonstrated that Bamboo extracts had an effective capacity of scavenging for ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals and showed correlation with potent phenol and flavonoid contents, thus suggesting its antioxidant potential. Moreover, administration of Bamboo in 2~3% improved blood parameters and platelets, and especially immunity-related ones such as IgG, IgA, and interferon-${\gamma}$, leading to be potential feed additives in flatting pigs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.865-872
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• 2014

In this study, ethanol and hot water extracts of lees from Korean traditional wine (J-B, J-S, J-Y, J-H, and J-W) were prepared, and their effects on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and hemolysis of human red blood cells (hRBCs) were investigated to develop functional food ingredients from lees. The pH and brix of the lees ranged from 3.90 to 4.29 and 5.0 to $27.0^{\circ}$, respectively, and there was a huge difference in the water and ethanol content among the lees. The nuruk and additives used affected the color and physicochemical properties of lees. The J-W takju made from only rice and traditional nuruk, which has $13^{\circ}$ brix and 1.8% of alcohol, has potential as functional food ingredient. With regard to the extraction yields of lees, higher yields were obtained from J-H, which contains different medicinal plants, in ethanol, followed by J-W, J-B, J-S, and J-Y. Higher extraction yields of lees were obtained from J-S in hot water, followed by J-B, J-W, J-H, and J-Y, respectively. The ethanol extract of J-H and the hot water extract of J-Y had the highest contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoids among the lees extracts. The 10 lees extracts did not show hemolysis activity against hRBCs up to 5 mg/ml. In an anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extracts of three yakju lees (J-B, J-S, and J-Y) and the hot water extract of J-W inhibited thrombin activity, whereas the hot water extract of J-B, J-S, and J-H inhibited blood coagulation factors. In an antiplatelet aggregation activity assay, only the J-W takju lees showed significant inhibition activity. Our results suggest that lees from traditional wine had high potential as a novel antithrombosis agent.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Zizyphus vulgaris supplementation on growth performance, blood cortisol and meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs. The total of thirty-six [Duroc${\times}$Yorkshir${\times}$Landrace] pigs ($91{\pm}2.11$ kg average initial body weight) were used in a 30-days assay. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) T1 (basal diet for 15 days and 0.1 % Zizyphus vulgaris for 15 days) and 3) T2 (0.1 % Zizyphus vulgaris for 30 days). The ADG (Average daily gain), ADFI (Average daily feed intake) and ADG/ADFI during the feeding period were not significantly differences among the treatments (p>0.05). Backfat thickness of pigs fed CON was higher than those of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The appearance rate of A or B carcass grade was in T1 (74%) and T2 (84%) was significantly higher than that in CON (58%) (p<0.05). Pigs fed Zizyphus vulgaris 0.1 % for 30 days tended to decrease on blood cortisol compared with pigs fed CON and T1. But, there was not significantly difference among the treatments (p>0.05). The Hunter's L/sup */ (lightness) value of loin in the pork fed CON was higher than that of loin in the pork fed T1 and T2 (p<0.05). After 7 days, the L/sup */ value of loin in the pigs fed T2 was higher increased than that of pigs fed T1 and CON (p<0.05). However, a/sup */ and b/sup */ values were not affected by dietary Zizyphus vulgaris (p>0.05). There were not found remarkable differences in sensory properties (marbling, firmness and color) among the treatments. The results from the present study suggest that Zizyphus vulgaris could be a effective feed additive to improve meat quality of pigs. However, further research is needed to investigate effects of carcass characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.595-600
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• 2002

Comparison of blood properties in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopans schlegeli) between transfer from seawater to freshwater (sFW) and transfer from freshwater to seawater (fSW) were investigated for 60 days. Plasma cortisol levels in sFW were significantly increased from 34.2 $\pm$ 28.6 ng/mL at the beginning to 365.6 $\pm$ 136.0 ng/mL at 3 hours, and decreased to the beginning level at 24 hours. However, in fSW, no significant differences in the cortisol levels were recognized throughout experimental period. No significant difference was found in the glucose levels between sFW and fSW. The transfer from seawater to freshwater of juvenile black seabream resulted in reduced $Na^{+}\;and\; Cl^{-}$ concentrations for 24 hours (decreasing from 165.3 $\pm$ 2.5, 146.0$\pm$ 2.2 to 118.3 $\pm$ 12.3, 78.0$\pm$ 7.0 mEq/L, respectively), but these were completely recovered the beginning levels at 30 days. Total protein and AST showed no significant differences between the two rearing conditions, while ALT was markedly elevated at 3 hour in sFW and at 24 hours in fSW. Ht in sFW was increased from 18.5 $\pm$ $0.6\%$ at the beginning to 25.3 $\pm$ $4.0\%$ at 12 hours, and was decreased to the beginning level at 24 hours. Ht, RBC and Hb in fSW were also significantly higher at 12 hours, but recovered to their initial levels at 24 hours. All fish were dead until 50 days in sFW while survival rate in fSW was $85\%$ at the end of experiment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.325-336
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• 2023

This study used leaves and stems of 'Tongchaeru', one of the sweet potato varieties, to investigate broiler productivity, meat quality, blood properties, growth hormones, and immune factor levels according to drying method and amount added to feed. For this experiment, a total of 720 1-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were used. Treatments were assigned with 3 replicates per treatment and 20 birds were assigned to each replicate. The treatment group was designed into 12 treatments according to the type of natural product (leaves (L), stems (S)), drying type (natural (N), hot air (H), freeze (F)) and amount added (0.1%, 0.3%). The test was conducted for a total of 5 weeks. In this study, there was no significant difference in productivity depending on the type and amount of additives added (P>0.05). The FS 0.3% group showed high pH and WHC levels, and the shear force was lowest at HL 0.1% group (P<0.05). Blood cell and serum biochemical components were similar in all treatments, and growth hormone IGF-1 was highest in FS 0.1% group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IFN-γ, but the highest level of IL-6 was seen in the HS 0.1% group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the meat quality and the level of growth hormone and immune factors in the body were different depending on the type and amount of dried leaves and stems of sweet potato 'Tongchaeru', further study is needed to compare the selected additives and amounts added with those without additions.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2002

This study was investigated the anti-angiogenic activities of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus by using Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and rat cornea. First experiment, the fertilized chicken eggs were kept in a humidified egg incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. After 4 days incubation, about 3 ml of albumin was aspirated from eggs with an hypodermic needles through a small hole drilled at the narrow end of the eggs, and the shell membrane on the floor of the air sac was peeled away. Embryos with chorioallantois of 3~5 mm in diameter were employed for the assay of antiangiogenic activity. Retinoic acid was used as a positive control for this experiment. After 48 h of treatment. branching pattern of blood vessels below coverslip containing retinoic acid ($10{\mu}g/egg$) was dramatically decreased. A simiar angiogenic inhibition was observed in the CAM treated with $50{\mu}g/egg$ of Cnidium omcinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus extracts. Second experiment, rat corneal neovascularization was induced by suturing (one stitch) the cornea with 10-0 nylon, and terramycin was applied on the cornea for I week to prevent corneal inflammation. In the cornea of rats untreated with herbal extracts, numerous vessels were usually seen invading the cornea by day 2 or 3 after suture, and reaching the lesion area within 5~6 days. Corneal neovascularization was gradually increased and peaked at 3 weeks. In contrast to this, herbal extracts conspicuously inhibited the angiogenesis, Oral administration of herbal extracts (20 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks significantly inhibited the rat corneal angiogenesis induced by suture, and the length of blood vessels in herbal medicine-treated rat cornea was conspicuously lower than that in control animals. A similar phenomenon was also observed in the rat cornea treated with thalidomide (200 mg/kg body weight/day). These findings indicate the anti-angiogenic properties of Cnidium officinale Makino and Tabanus bovinus, suggesting that these properties may be one of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities of herbal extracts tested in this study.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2000

This study was performed to provide scientific information for consumers and to increase the quality and consumption of Sullungtang prepared with bone from Hanwoo. The physico-chemical, sensory, nutritional properties of Sullungtang by different parity were investigated. The extracting extents of blood were significantly higher for heifer among Hanwoo cows with different parity(none, the second or the fourth) and for back bones among different bone portions (round, hind shank, arm, fore shank or back bone) (p〈0.05). For Sullungtang extracted from bones of heifer was higher in collagen contents than those extracted from cows with the second or the fourth parity. Sullungtang extracted from bones of heifer and cows with the second parity had significantly higher contents of condroitin and viscosity than those of cows with the fourth parity, however there was no significant difference between heifer and cows with the second parity. In color, L values were significantly high, and a and b values were significantly low for Sullungtang extracted from bones of heifer when compared to those extracted from the other cows with the second parity. The contents of total nitrogen, sodium, or calcium were higher for Sullungtang extracted from heifer than those from the cows with the second or the fourth parity. In amino acid compositions, the percentages of glycine were highest and proline and glutamic acid were followed fro all Sullungtang samples from Hanwoo. The results showed that the overall quality of Sullungtang significantly decreased as the parity increased for Hanwoo cows. The Sullungtang extracted from bones of heifer had the best sensory scores as well as nutritional quality when compared to those extracted from the cows with parity. Therefore, the labeling and price for cow bones should be differently evaluated by their parity and age in marketing system.