• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.30-45
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• 2015

본 연구는 베리아트릭 수술 중 위 밴드 수술을 시행한 고도비만 환자의 특성을 밝히고, 수술 후 영양교육을 받은 횟수의 차이가 체중감량에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 위 밴드 수술을 시행한 환자 중 수술 후 15개월이 경과한 고도비만 환자의 의무기록을 이용한 후향적 조사이다. 총 60명을 연구 대상으로 선정하였으며, 전체 연구 대상자들이 개별적으로 이루어진 영양교육을 받은 횟수의 평균을 기준으로 평균 보다 작은 경우 소교육군으로, 평균보다 높은 경우 다교육군으로 분류하여 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구의 연구 대상자는 총 60명으로 소교육군은 29명, 다교육군은 31명으로, 위 밴드 수술 전에 조사된 성별, 연령, 신장, 체중, BMI 모두 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈압과 맥박은 이완기 혈압과 맥박은 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않은 반면 수축기 혈압에서 다교육군이 소교육군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 위 밴드 수술 전에 조사 된 연구 대상자들이 가지고 있는 건강 관련 생활 습관은 음주, 민간요법, 흡연 순으로 나타났다. 음주, 흡연에서는 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 민간요법 사용 여부에서 다교육군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 연구 대상자의 위 밴드 수술 전에 조사된 비만관련 합병증과 보유증상은 등, 허리, 무릎 통증, 코골이, 생리불순, 위-식도역류질환, 수면문제, 고혈압, 수면무호흡증, 당뇨병, 고지혈증 등의 순으로 나타났다. 우울증과 코골이에서 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 우울증의 경우 다교육군이 유의적으로 높았으며, 코골이의 경우 소교육군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 연구 대상자들의 식습관 중 속식을 하는 경우가 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 과식, 불규칙한 식사 시간, 스트레스성 식사, 잦은 간식 섭취, Junk Food 섭취, 야식, 단 음식 섭취 순으로 나타났다. 식습관은 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 다섯째, 대부분의 연구 대상자가 비수술적 요법을 시행한 경험이 있으며, 약물요법을 가장 많이 시행한 경험이 있다고 답하였다. 그 다음으로 운동요법, 식사요법, 행동수정요법 순으로 나타났다. 연구 대상자의 위 밴드 수술 전에 조사된 비수술적 요법 시행 여부는 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 약물요법을 소교육군은 4가지 이상 시행한 경우가 가장 많았고, 다교육군은 1가지, 3가지를 시행한 경우가 가장 많았다. 운동요법을 소교육군은 유산소 운동만 한 경우가 가장 많았고, 다교육군은 유산소 운동과 근력 운동을 병행한 경우가 가장 많았다. 식사요법으로 가장 많이 사용한 방법은 두 그룹 모두 보조식품을 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 신체조성 측정 결과 수술 후 6개월까지는 체지방, 체중이 급격히 감소하였고, 그 후에는 완만하게 감소하였다. 체지방과 체중은 수술 후 15개월 차에 영양교육을 더 많이 받은 다교육군이 소교육군 보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 일곱째, 수술 전과 수술 후 기간 경과에 따른 비만 지표 체중과 체지방의 감소와 비슷한 변화 양상을 나타내었다. BMI와 비만도는 수술 후 15개월 차에 소교육군에 비해 다교육군이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 교육 횟수가 증가 할수록 수술 전에 비해 수술 후 15개월에 BMI 감소 정도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 여덟째, 연구 대상자의 위 밴드 수술 전과 수술 후 6개월 차의 생화학적 지표를 조사한 결과 대부분이 정상 범위에 있는 것으로 나타났다. ALT, 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤이 수술 전 정상범위보다 높게 나타났으나 수술 후 6개월 차에 정상범위 수준으로 감소하였다. 간 기능 지표를 나타내는 AST와 ALT는 수술 전에 비해 수술 후 6개월 차에 두 그룹 모두 유의적으로 감소하였다. 당화혈색소 역시 두 그룹 모두 수술 전에 비해 수술 후 6개월 차에 유의적으로 감소하였다. 중성지방은 수술 전에 두 그룹 모두 정상범위 이상이었으나 수술 후 6개월 차에 정상범위 수준으로 감소되었고 수술 전에 비해 수술 후 6개월 차에 유의적으로 감소하였다. 본 연구를 통해 고도비만환자들이 베리아트릭 수술 시행 전에 가지고 있던 인류 통계학적 특성, 식습관, 비만 관련 합병증과 보유 증상, 비수술적 요법의 시행 여부 등을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이를 기초 자료로 한 베리아트릭 수술 후 장기적인 영양교육을 실시하는 것이 체중과 체지방량의 감소에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 고도비만 환자의 베리아트릭 수술로 인한 체중과 체지방의 감소 효과를 지속적으로 유지하기 위해서는 장기적인 영양교육이 필요함을 보여준다. 향후 연구 대상자의 특징을 고려하여 개별적인 영양교육을 통해 비만 수술 후 전향적인 중재를 시행하여 혈압, 비만 관련 합병증과 보유 증상, 식습관 및 건강 관련 생활습관의 변화에 대한 조사와 영양교육 방법에 대한 실제적 효과를 판정하는 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.35-49
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• 1996

본 연구는 온 냉입욕시 신체의 vital sign(수축기 및 이완기혈압, 맥박수, 호흡수, 체온 등)의 변화를 알아보기 위해 1995년 6월 27일 안동전문대학 물리치료과 2학년 재학생 총 52 명 중 질병을 앓고 있거나 생리 중인 여학생 및 미참가 학생을 제외한 32명(61.5%)명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연구대상자의 안정시 수축기 및 이완기혈압의 평균은 각각 105.3mmHg, 67.3mmHg 였으며, 맥박수는 분당 70.7회였고, 호홉수의 평균은 15.6회였으며, 체온은 $36.6^{\circ}C$였다. <성별과 온 냉욕 적용시 각각의 해당 시간마다 vital sign의 변화> 1. 수축기혈압은 온욕조에 입욕후 3분, 6분, 9분, 그리고 12분 등에서 모두 남자가 여자 보다 높았으며, 냉욕조에서도 남자가 여자 보다 높게 나타났는데, 특히 3분 시점에서 남자가 110.77mmHg로 99.47mmHg인 여자 보다 통계적으로 높게 나타났으며(P=0.0543), 9분에서도 남자가 108.46mm班g로 여자의 96.84 mmHg 보다 높았고(P=0.0200), 역시 12분에서도 남자가 108.46mmHg로 여자의 100.00mmHg 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(P=0.0165). 2. 이완기혈압은 온 냉욕에서 남자가 여자보다 비교적 높게 나타났는데, 특히 냉욕시의 9분에서 남자가 74.61 mmHg로 여자의 63.68mmHg 보다 높았고(P=0.0051), 12분에서도 남자가 75.38mmHg로 64.21 mmHg의 여자 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나왔다(P=0.0031). 3. 맥박수는 온욕에 입욕시 모두 남자가 여자 보다 유의하게 높았는데, 3분의 시점에서 남자가 97.76회, 여자가 82.11회 이고(P=0.0024), 6분은 남자 104.23회, 여자 89.42회 이며(P=0.0025), 9분에서도 113.3회가 남자이고, 92.63mmHg는 여자로 남자가 높았다(P=0.0001). 12분도 남자가 115.46mm班g로 여자의 94.21회 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(P=0.0006). 냉욕에 입욕시 3분과 5분에서는 남자가 여자 보다 높았으나, 9분과 12분 시점에는 여자가 남자 보다 약간 높게 나타났다. 4. 호흡수도 온욕에서 해당 시간에 따라 남자가 여자보다 유의하게 증가하였는데, 남여 각각 3분에서 19.84회와 18.78회이고 (P=0.4815), 6분에서 24.92회 및 20.57회 (P=0.0413), 9분에서 24.92회와 20.57회 (P=0.0413), 그리고 12분에서도 33.31회의 남자가 24.00회의 여자 보다 높았다(P=0.0010). 냉욕에서도 남자가 여자 보다 높았다. 5. 체온은 온욕조에 입욕시 3분에서 여자의 $37.54^{\circ}C$가 남자의 $37.31^{\circ}C$ 보다 높았고(P=0,0175), 6분에서는 남자가 $37.8^{\circ}C$로 여자의 $37.76^{\circ}C$ 보다 약간 높았으며, 9분에서도 남여 각각 $38.30^{\circ}C,\;37.97^{\circ}C$로 남자가 여자 보다 높게 나타났고(P=0.0131), 12분에서도 남자가 $38.55^{\circ}C$로 여자의 $38.14^{\circ}C$ 보다 높게 나타났다(P=0.0008). 냉욕에서는 각각 시점에서 남여가 비슷하였다. <시간에 따른 vital sign의 변화> 1. 수축기혈압은 안정시와 온욕에 입욕후 3분, 5분, 9분, 그리고 12분의 시점에서 각각 105.15 muHg, 104.69 mmHg, 104.24 mmHg, 103.03 mmHg, 그리고 96.69 mmHg로 시간이 지날수록 점점 감소하였다(P=0.3006). 냉욕시에도 100.91mmHg, 103.33 mmHg, 103.33 mmHg, 100.91 mmHg로 감소하였으나 마지막 12분에서는 103.09 mmHg로 약간 증가하였다(P=0.7566). 2. 이완기혈압은 온욕에서 수축기혈압과 비슷하게 시간이 지남에 따라 약간씩 감소하였고, 냉욕은 3분과 6분에서 약간 증가하였으나 9분에서 감소하다가 다시 12분에서 약간 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 3. 맥박수는 온욕에서 시간이 지나감에 따라 분당 70.42회, 86.96회, 93.57회, 99.30회, 그리고 101.78회로 통계적으로 유의하게점점 증가하였고(P=0.0001), 냉욕에서도 약간 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 4. 호흡수는 온욕에서 시간이 지나감에 따라 유의하게 증가하였는데, 각각 15.75회, 19.09회, 22.09회, 24.94회, 그리고 25.48회로 유의하게 높아졌다(P=0.0001). 냉욕에서는 안정시에서 3분 및 6분까지 각각 15.75회, 19.30회, 19.39회로 점차 증가하였으나, 9분과 12분에서는 18.67회와 18.09회로 약간 감소하였다(P=0.0176). 5. 체온은 온욕에서 역시 시간이 지나감에 따라 $36.63^{\circ}C,\;37.45^{\circ}C,\;37.81^{\circ}C,\;38.12^{\circ}C$, 그리고 $38.33^{\circ}C$ 등으로 점점 증가하였는데(P=0.0001), 냉욕에서는 안정시에서 3분간에는 $36.63^{\circ}C$와 $37.40^{\circ}C$로 약간 증가하는 추세를 보였으나, 6분, 9분, 그리고 12분에서는 각각 $37.33^{\circ}C,\;37.37^{\circ}C,\;37.36^{\circ}C$로 비슷한 양상을 보였다(P=0.0001). 따라서 본 연구결과에 의하면 온 냉욕에서 수축기 및 이완기혈압은 감소하였고, 맥약수 및 호흡수, 체온 등은 온욕에서 뚜렷한 증가를 보였고, 냉욕에서도 호흡수와 체온은 증가하였으나 맥박수는 비슷한 수치를 나타내었다. 본 연구결과로 환자에게 직접 적용할 수는 없으나 수치료 적용시 참고자료로 사용될 수 있으리라 생각되며, 향후 환자를 대상으로 한 연구가 요구된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 1997

소아에서부터 청소년기까지 혈청 지질의 지속성(tracking)은 서구에서 행해진 연구들에 의해서 이미 잘 알려져 있으나 국내에서는 이에 관한 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 우리나라 청소년의 혈청 지질치의 변화를 조사하고 지속성이 있는지를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 경기도 강화군에서 진행하고 있는 강화 아동 혈압 코호트(719명)의 청소년들로 12세, 14세, 16세 세 번에 걸쳐서 공복 후 혈액검사(혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤을 포함)와 신체계측을 시행하였다. 이 중 3번의 혈액 검사에서 10시간 이상의 공복이 확인된 청소년 309명 (남자 162명, 여자 147명)을 최종 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구대상이 된 청소년들과 연구대상에서 제외한 청소년들의 12세때 초기 검사치들을 t 검정을 이용하여 서로 비교한 결과 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 연구방법은 우선 혈청 지질치의 변화양상을 보기 위하여 각 검사 년도간에 반복 측정된 분산분석을 시행하였다. 각 혈청지질의 지속성을 보기 위해서는 첫께, 초기값을 바탕으로 사분위 집단으로 나누어 각 사분위 집단의 혈청지질치가 매 검사 연도마다 어떻게 변하는 지를 그림으로 나타내었다. 둘째, 혈청지질치의 검사 시기사이의 스피어맨 상관계수를 구하였다. 그리고 마지막으로 각 검사 년도의 혈청지질치를 사분위 집단으로 구분하여 초기검사에서 가장 위험도가 큰 집단에 속한 사람들이 지속적으로 위험도가 큰 집단에 속하는 백분율을 계산하였다. 연구결과 남녀 모두 4년간 세 번의 검사에서 혈청 총 콜레스테롤은 남자가 초기검사에서 $160.7{\pm}25.3mg/dl$, 최종 추적검사에서 $150.0{\pm}27.8mg/dl$, 여자가 초기검사에서 $168.8{\pm}29.7mg/dl$, 최종 추적검사에서 $168.8{\pm}29.7mg/dl$, 중성지방은 남자가 $98.0{\pm}45.7mg/dl$에서, $114.1{\pm}67.9/mg/dl$로, 여자가 $109.9\geq37.1mg/dl$에서, $104.9{\pm}47.6mg/dl$로, LDL 콜레스테롤은 남자가 $93.6{\pm}21.2mg/dl$에서, $83.0{\pm}25.0mg/dl$로 여자가 $83.0{\pm}25.0mg/dl$에서, $94.7{\pm}24.4mg/dl$로, HDL 콜레스테롤은 남자가 $47.6{\pm}9.1mg/dl$에서, $44.2{\pm}9.4mg/dl$로, 여자가 $48.8{\pm}10.0mg/dl$에서, $47.8{\pm}11.3mg/dl$ 변화하였다. 반복 측정한 분산분석 결과 남녀 모두 4년 동안 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL콜레스테롤이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 특히 남자 LDL 콜레스테롤은 두 번의 추적검사에서 모두 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 중성지방은 남자에서는 지속적으로 증가하였고 여자에서는 변화가 없었다. 같은 연령에서 남녀간의 각 혈청지질치를 비교해보면 중성지방을 제외하고는 모두 여자가 남자보다 더 컸다. 혈청 지질의 초기 검사와 최종 검사간의 스피어맨 상관분석과 각 혈청 지질치의 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위집단에 잔류하는 백분율을 보면 지속성이 존재하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL 콜레스테롤에서 각 시기의 검사치들의 상관계수는 남자가 0.6 이상, 여자가 약 0.7 이상이었으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. 첫 번께 검사에서 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위 집단에 속한 사람 중 두 번째 검사에서도 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위 집단에 속한 백분율은 여자의 중성지방(42.9%)을 제외하고는 모두 50%이상이었다. 이들이 세 번째 검사에서도 같은 사분위 집단에 잔류한 백분율은 여자의 중성지방(25.7%)을 제외하고 모두 35%이상이었다. 결론적으로 청소년기의 혈청 지질치는 지속성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구는 4년 동안의 변화이고 성인까지의 변화를 보기 위해서는 좀 더 장기적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.9-27
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• 1994

연구(硏究)의 목적(目的) 및 배경(背景) : 본 연구는 노령인구의 증가와 더불어 심각한 사회문제화 되고 있는 노인병의 실태를 파악하기 위한 노인건강검진 사업의 일환으로 전주우석대부속한방병원 및 부설우석의원에서 국내최초의 한양방동시종합검진을 실시한 바 있어서, 이를 토대로 노인질환의 분포와 건강실태를 파악하고 한양방동시종합검진의 효율성을 검토해 보기 위함이다. 연구(硏究) 방법(方法) : 연구대상은 전라북도 김제군에 거주하는 60세 이상의 노인 641명을 대상으로 전주우석대부속한방병원 및 부설우석의원에서 1994.6.24부터 1994.7.13까지 실시한 한양방동시종합검진(1차 검진) 결과를 대상으로 하였다. 양방의 1차검진은 X-ray 검사, 혈액검사, 소변검사, 혈압, 시력, 청력 등의 측정으로 행해졌고, 한방검진은 한방의 사진법(四診法)(望,聞,問,切(망,문,문,절))과 현증력(現症歷), 주소증(主訴證), 과거력(過去歷), 가족력(家族歷), 사회력(社會歷) 등을 살피는 문진표(問診表)와 사상체질(四象體質) 테스트법을 이용하여 행해졌다. 결과(結果) 및 결론(結論) : 본 연구의 결과 및 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 한양방종합판정상 검진 대상자 641명중 운동기계질환자 75.8%, 소화기계질환자 43.4%, 순환기계질환자 41.5%, 호흡기계질환자 22.3%, 안이비인후과질환자 8.1%, 내분비계질환자 5.6%, 비뇨생식기계질환자 5.3%의 순으로 질병을 앓고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 병명에 따른 질환의 빈도를 살펴보면, 요통, 위염 및 소화성궤양, 슬통, 심장병, 고혈압, 만성기관지염, 기관지천식, 빈혈증, 당뇨병, 폐결핵, 시력장애, 중풍 등의 순으로 나타났다. 3) 연령별 질환의 빈도를 살펴보면, 60-75세, 76-85세, 86세 이상으로 구분할 때 대부분의 질환이 60-75세에 다발하는 경향을 보이고, 오히려 연령이 높아질수록 질병이환율이 감소하는 경향을 보이는 반면, 안이비인후과질환만이 점진적 증가를 보여 대조를 이루었다. 4) 가족력과 질환과의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 중풍환자의 25.0%가 중풍의 가족력을, 고혈압환자의 11.6%가 고혈압의 가족력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타나 가족력과의 상관관계가 매우 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었고, 그밖에 결핵은 5.6%, 당뇨병은 2.6%가 가족력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 5) 음주와 질환과의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 호흡기질환의 36.4%, 고혈압의 34.7%, 심장병의 33.3%, 소화기질환의 28.4%가 음주를 하는 것으로 나타났으나 음주의 정도는 조사되지 않아 음주와 질환과의 필연적 관계는 알 수 없었다. 6) 흡연과 질환과의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 호흡기질환의 44.1%, 심장병의 38.0%, 고혈압의 29.8%가 흡연을 하는 것으로 나타났으나 흡연의 정도는 조사되지 않아 흡연과 질환의 필연적 관계는 알 수 없었다. 7) 사상체질의 분포는 태음인(太陰人) 44.6%, 소양인(少陽人) 30.7%, 소음인(少陰人) 24.7%, 태양인(太陽人) 0.0%의 순으로 나타났고, 체질별 질환빈도는 모든 체질에서 운동기계 질환과 소화기계 질환의 이환율을 높았는데, 태음인에서는 순환기계질환(50.0%), 호흡기계질환 (23.1%)이 타체질에 비해 높게 나타났고, 소양인에서는 운동기계질환(77.7%), 난청등 안이비인후과 질환(12.2%)이 타체질에 비하여 높게 나타났고, 소음인에 있어서는 소화기계 질환(65.8%)이 타체질에 비해 높게 나타났다. 8) 양방의 1차검진상 이상소견자의 빈도와 한양방종합판정에 의한 질환의 빈도 사이에는 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 노인질환의 특성상 건강검진에 한방의 참여가 필요한 이유가 되는 내용이라 사료된다. 이상에서 살펴본 바, 이번에 실시한 국내최초(國內最初)의 한양방동시종합검진(韓洋方同時綜合檢診)은 양방위주의 건강검진보다 노인의 질환과 건강실태를 파악하는데 있어서 훨씬 효율적(效率的)이었다고 사료되는 바이나, 처음 실시한 만큼 미진한 면이 많았다. 앞으로 한방이 공중보건사업에 효율적으로 차여하기 위해서는 많은 문제점을 개선하여 한양방동시종합검진의 모델과 한방보건사업의 프로젝트가 제시되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.