• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2010

This study estimated the heavy metal concentrations in octopus (Octopus minor) and conducted a food safety assessment of octopus. Octopus, a benthic cephalopod, was collected from the Seosan intertidal zone on the west coast of Korea. The samples were digested with acids, and then the cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) contents were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Cd, Cu, and Zn range of concentrations in octopus were 0.06-19 (mean 5.8), 44-1,463 (mean 354.8), and 76-929 (mean 247.9) mg/kg on a dry weight basis, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the internal organs than in the mantle. Of the three heavy metals, copper had the highest concentrations in the internal organs because of the existence of hemocyanin bound with copper in octopus blood, whereas zinc had the highest concentrations in the mantle. No relationship between the concentration of heavy metals and biological parameters (length, weight, and sex) was found. The ratios (I/M) of the heavy metal concentrations in internal organs and mantle were highest for cadmium, although cadmium had much lower concentrations in the internal organs compared with copper and zinc. Considering the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of the three heavy metals and the average intake of octopus per day, all three elements should have no adverse effects on humans.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2020

Background: The effects of diol-ginsenoside fraction (Diol-GF) and triol-ginsenoside fraction (Triol-GF) from Korean Red Ginseng on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) were examined in diabetes-prone biobreeding (DP-BB) rats that spontaneously develop T1D through an autoimmune process. Methods: DP-BB female rats were treated with Diol-GF or Triol-GF daily from the age of 3-4 weeks up to 11-12 weeks (1 mg/g body weight). Results: Diol-GF delayed the onset, and reduced the incidence, of T1D. Islets of Diol-GF-treated DP-BB rats showed significantly lower insulitis and preserved higher plasma and pancreatic insulin levels. Diol-GF failed to change the proportion of lymphocyte subsets such as T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages in the spleen and blood. Diol-GF had no effect on the ability of DP-BB rat splenocytes to induce diabetes in recipients. Diol-GF and diol-ginsenoside Rb1 significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor α production, whereas diol-ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd decreased interleukin 1β production in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, mixed cytokine- and chemical-induced β-cell cytotoxicity was greatly inhibited by Diol-GF and diol-ginsenosides Rc and Rd in RIN5mF cells. However, nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells was unaffected by diol-ginsenosides. Conclusion: Diol-GF, but not Triol-GF, significantly delayed the development of insulitis and T1D in DP-BB rats. The antidiabetogenic action of Diol-GF may result from the decrease in cytokine production and increase in β-cell resistance to cytokine/free radical-induced cytotoxicity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.653-659
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• 2015

High-protein fermented whey beverage (FWB) was manufactured using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and Lactobacillus plantarum DK211 isolated from kimchi. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity activity of FWB in male rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=8 per group). The three groups differed in their diet; one group received a normal diet (ND), another, a high-fat diet (HD), and the third, a HD plus fermented whey beverage (HDFWB), for 4 wk. Supplementation with FWB (the HDFWB group) prevented weight gain and body fat accumulation. The food intake in the HDWFB group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the HD group. The HDWFB group also showed a significant decrease in organ weights (p<0.05), except for the weight of the testis. There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in the HDFWB group compared with the HD group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in serum HDL-cholesterol levels among the experimental groups. Rats ingesting FWB (the HDFWB group) also showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, and plasma levels of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin compared to HD group (p<0.05). These results indicate that FWB has beneficial effects on dietary control, weight control, and reduction in fat composition and serum lipid level; consequently, it may provide antiobesity and hypolipidemic activity against high fat diet-induced obesity in rats.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

GABA차를 본태성 고혈압 쥐에 음용시켰을 때, 1.5% GABA차가 포함된 먹이를 섭취한 본태성 고혈압 쥐의 3주 후 수축기 혈압은 처음의 175.53mmHg에 비해 177.35mmHg로 별 차이가 없었으나 대조구는 192.06mmHg로 수축기 혈압이 상당히 증가함을 볼 수 있었다. 혈장 중 aldosterone 농도도 GABA차 1.5% 섭취 쥐는 $248.56{\pm}30.44pg/ml$인데 반해 대조구는 $606.98{\pm}57.79pg/ml$로 2.5배 이상 농도 수준이 낮음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.99-101
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• 1998

1. Introduction : The conventional grafting polymerization technique requires chemically reactive groups on the surface as well as on the polymer chains. For this reason, a series of prefunctionalization steps are necessary for covalent grafting. The surface prefunctionalizational technique for grafting can be used to ionization radiation, UV, plasma, ion beam or chemical initiators. Of these techniques, radiation method is one of the useful methods because of uniform and rapid creation of active radical sites without catalytic contamination in grafted samples. If the diffusion of monomer into polymer is large enough to come to the inside of polymer substrate, a homogeneous and uniform grafting reaction can be carried out throughout the whole polymer substrate. Radiation-induced grafting method may attach specific functional moieties to a polymeric substrate, such as preirradiation and simultaneous irradiation. The former is irradiated at backbone polymer in vacuum or nitrogen gas and air, and then subsequent monomer grafting by trapped or peroxy radicals, while the latter is irradiated at backbone polymer in the presence of the monomer. Therefore, radiation-induced polymerization can be used to modification of the chemical and physical properties of the polymeric materials and has attracted considerable interest because it imparts desirable properties such as blood compatibility. membrane quality, ion excahnge, dyeability, protein adsorption, and immobilization of bioactive materials. Synthesizing biocompatible materials by radiation method such as preirradiation or simultaneous irradiation has often used $\gamma$-rays to graft hydrophilic monomers onto hydrophobic polymer substrates. In this work, in attempt to produce surfaces that show low levels of anti-fouling of bovine serum albumin(BSA) solutions, hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) was grafted polypropylene membrane surfaces by preirradiation technique. The anti-fouling effect of the polypropylene membrane after grafting was examined by permeation BSA solution.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Objectives: To introduce to TKM scientific dose conversion methods of human to animal or animal to human for new drug investigations. Methods: We searched guidelines of the FDA and KFDA, and compared them with references for drug-dose conversion from various databases such as PubMed and Google. Then, we analyzed the potential issues and problems related to dose conversion in safety documentation of new herbal drugs based on our experiences during Investigational New Drug (IND) applications of TKM. Results: Dose conversion from human to animal or animal to human must be appropriately translated during new drug development. From time to time, investigators have some difficulty in determining the appropriate dose, because of misunderstandings of dose conversion, especially when they estimate starting dose in clinical or animal studies to investigate efficacy, toxicology and mechanisms. Therefore, education of appropriate dose calculation is crucial for investigators. The animal dose should not be extrapolated to humans by a simple conversion method based only on body weight, because many studies suggest the normalization method is based mainly on body surface area (BSA). In general, the body surface area seems to have good correlation among species with several parameters including oxygen utilization, caloric expenditure, basal metabolism, blood volume and circulating plasma protein. Likewise, a safety factor should be taken into consideration when deciding high dose in animal toxicology study. Conclusion: Herein, we explain the significance of dose conversion based on body surface area and starting dose estimation for clinical trials with safety factor.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.349-353
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• 1999

A novel polymeric tablet of tinidazole (TD) was formulated to treat Helicobacter pylori and Giardia lambria more efficiently with reduced hepatotoxicity by controlling the release of TD after oral administration. TD tablets containing various concentrations of either xanthan gum (XG, viscosity enhancer) and/or polycarbophil (PC, mucoadhesive) were prepared by the wet granulation method. In vitro release of TD into pH 2.0 and pH 5.0 buffer solutions was observed at 37°C by using an USP dissolution tester and an UV (313 nm) spectrophotometer. In vivo absorption of TD tablets was investigated in rabbits by measuring the blood concentration of TD after oral administration using a HPLC. Compared to a commercial TD tablet, in vitro release of TD in both pH 2.0 and pH 5.0 buffer solutions significantly decreased as the concentration: of XG or PC in the tablet increased up to 30%. However, when XG and PC was added in combination, TD was completely released in a pH 5.0 buffer solution within 8 hours, whereas the release of TD in pH 2.0 buffer solution significantly decreased. TD in a commercial tablet was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in rabbits. After oral administration of the polymeric tablets that contain both XG and PC, plasma concentration of TD dramatically decreased. Since the oral absorption of TD significantly decreased by the addition of XG and PC in the tablets while TD completely released in a pH 5.0 buffer solution, it was speculated that more TD was retained in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it was possible to control the release of TD by changing the content of XG and/or PC in the tablet, thereby manipulating the release rate and the gastrointestinal retention of TD after oral administration in rabbits.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2014

천연에서 유래한 항산화 및 항용혈 소재개발을 위해 복분자 에탄올 추출물의 생리활성 효능 평가를 실시하였다. 복분자를 에탄올 추출한 후, 획득한 추출물을 섬유아세포주인 HS68에 처리하여 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 SOD 유사 항산화 효능을 평가하였다. 또한 Sprague Dawley 렛트 적혈구 세포에 과산화수소로 산화를 유도한 후 추출물의 항용혈 효능을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 SOD 유사 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 렛트 적혈구를 이용한 항용혈 평가에서는 과산화수소를 단독으로 처리한 양성대조군보다 추출물을 처리한 군에서 항용혈율이 농도 의존적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 이들 결과는 복분자 추출물이 항산화효능과 항용혈 약용 식물 소재로서의 가능성을 내는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 1991

에탄올의 급성적 및 만성적 투여가 흰쥐의 간 및 소뇌 중의 glutathione(GSH) 양상과 지질과산화물 수준에 미치는 영향을 알아 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 간조직에서는, 만성적 에탄을 투여 (6~9g/kg, per day, 10% 음료수로서, 4주간)에 의해 총 GSH 농도가 14. 5% 저하되었고, 산화형 GSH(GSSG)는 변화가 없었으며, 따라서 GSSG/총 GSH 비율은 증가하였다. 그러나 지질과산화 수준은 변함이 없었다. 급성적 에탄올 투여에 의해 간 조직 중 지질과산화 수준이 상승되고 총 GSH 농도가 감소함은 이미 보고되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 이와 관련시켜 급성적 에탄을 투여 (50mmole/kg, i.p.)후 post-hepatic 혈장 중의 총 GSH 수준을 측정한 결과 현저히 상승하였다. 이러한 GSH의 간에서 혈액으로의 유출은, GSH의 항산화적 소모 이외에도, 급성적 그리고 아마도 만성적인 에탄을 투여에 의한 간 조직 중의 총 GSH의 감소의 한 가능한 원인으로서 간접적으로나마 추정될 수 있겠다. 소뇌에서 는 급성적 에탄을 투여는 지질과산화 수준을 증가시켰으나 GSH 양상은 변화시키지 않았으면, 만성적인 경우엔 모두 변동시키지 못하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.638-643
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• 2005

본 연구는 식이 철과 운동이 흰쥐의 헴 생합성과 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 쥐는 식이 철의 수준에 따라 철결필군(Fe-, 5 ppm)과 철 충분군(Fe+, 50 ppm)으로 나누고 규칙적인 운동 여부에 따라 운동군과 대조군으로 나누었다. 실험 식이의 공급과 운동을 시킨 기간은 8주였으며, 운동군은 경사 6도에서 28 m/min의 속도로 1회 30분씩 일주일에 5회씩 트레이드밀 운동을 시켰다. 그 결과 횐쥐의 헴 생합성 정도는 운동을 한 군에서 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 운동은 또한 체중 증가량을 낮추고, 부고환지방량을 감소시켰으며, 혈중 중성지방과 콜레스테롤 수치를 낮추고 HDL-콜레스테롤의 수치를 증가시켰다. 한편, 식이 철의 부족은 헤마토크리트와 헤모글로빈 농도를 감소시켰으며, 간 콜레스테롤의 축적을 증가시켰다. 앞으로 인체를 대상으로 철분 수준이 다른 상태에서의 운동이 헴의 생합성, 지질대사 및 젖산 농도 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 더 많이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.