• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.E2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2004

In this study, thin film gas sensor based on tin oxide was fabricated to examine its characteristics. Target gas is acetonitrile ($CH_3$CN) which is a blood simulant for the chemical warfare agent. Sensing materials are SnO$_2$ SnO$_2$/Pt, and Sn/Pt with thickness from 1000 to 3000 $\AA$. The sensor consists of a sensing electrode with inter-digit (IDT) type in front side and a heater in rear side. Resistance changes of sensing materials are monitored on real time basis using a data acquisition board with a 12-bit analog to digital converter. Sensitivities are measured at different operating temperatures also with different gas concentrations and film thickness. The high sensitivity is obtained for Sn (3000 $\AA$)/Pt (30 $\AA$) at 30$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 ppm. Response and recovery times were about 40 and 160 s, respectively. Repetition measurements showed very good results with $\pm$3% in full scale range.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.416-420
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• 2003

The analytical method of antispasmodic agent tiropramide {$(\pm)\alpha$-(benzoylamino)-4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-N,N-dipropylbenzenepropanamide hydrochloride} was developed by gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) in human plasma. Two kinds of tiropramide tablets were orally administered to volunteers by Latin square crossover design, and blood was withdrawn as designed schedule. The plasma of 1 mL was loaded on Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge and eluted with methanol after washing with 30% methanol. The residue dissolved in 100 $\mu$L of methanol after evaporation was analyzed by GC/NPD. Precision (CV%) of intra-day was located within 2.6% and accuracy was less than 9.7%. Inter-day precision was below 8.7% and accuracy was relatively good as less than 14%. Plasma samples obtained from human volunteers were analyzed for the determination of tiropramide concentration by using this method. The method was sensitive, rapid and suitable enough to be applied for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of tiropramide in human volunteers.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.218-223
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• 2004

Thin film gas sensor based on tin oxide was fabricated and its characteristics were examined. Target gas is acetonitrile ($CH_{3}CN$) that is simulant gas of blood agent gas. Sensing materials are $SnO_{2}$, $SnO_{2}$/Pt, and (Sn/Pt)oxidation with thickness from $1000{\AA}$ to $3000{\AA}$. Sensor was consisted of sensing electrode with interdigit (IDT) type in front side and a heater in back side. Its dimension was $7{\times}10{\times}0.6mm^{3}$. Fabricated sensor was measured as flow type and monitored real time using PC. The optimal sensing material for $CH_{3}CN$ was {Sn($3000{\AA}$)/Pt($30{\AA}$)}oxidation and its sensitivity and operating temperature were 30%, $300^{\circ}C$ in $CH_{3}CN$ 3 ppm.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 1998

(Backgrounds) This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of red ginseng ex rant as adjuvant therapeutic agent improving immune function in immune compromizing gas-trointestinal carcinoma patient. (Material and Methods) We were treated 72 patients with two groups after we were undertaken the curative resection for gastrointestinal carcinoma; 1) only chemotherapy and immunotherapy (control group) 2) chemotherapy and immunotherapy with 4500 mg (15 tablets) red ginseng for 6 months (study group). For investigating the immunologic alternations alongside the numerical changes in peripheral blood Iymphocyte and their subsets in the gastrolntestinal carcinoma patients, Iymphocyte surface markers were determined by monoclonal antibodies on the preoperative day, postoperative 1 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months in 40 controls and 32 red ginseng groups In gastrointestinal carcinoma patients which was recruited at Korea diversity Hospital from March, 1995 to January, 1997. The patient was measured and compared in both groups with the body weight, total protein and albumin, blood hematocrit and hemoglobin, total leukocyte, lymphocyte and lymphocyte subsets count in peripheral blood through planed schedules. (Couclusion) This data suggests that red ginseng may be useful as a adjuvant therapeutic agent for improving the immune function after curative operation for immune compromizing gastrointestinal carcinoma patients. Key words : Ginseng, Immunity, Gastrointestlnal carcinoma patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-62
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• 2005

A previously healthy 57-year-old woman with dyspnea and wheezing presented to the emergency department a few minutes after exposure to unknown gas from mixing bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and cleaning agent (hydrochloric acid) at work place. Initial physical examination revealed severe wheezing on both whole lung fields, but the chest radiograph was normal. Arterial blood gas analysis showed only moderate hypoxemia. The patient was treated with oxygen, $\beta$adrenergic bronchodilators, antihistamines and corticosteroids, after then symptoms were improved. And the patient discharged against medical advice. We report a rare case of reactive airways dysfuntion syndrome from chlorine gas exposure.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 1992

The abuse of zipeprol, an antitussive agent, is prevalent among young people. Ten fatal cases of zipeprol concentration in blood after its abuse had caused death are disscussed. GC equipped with TSD was used to quantify the drug in postmortem blood and GC/MS to identify the metabolites in urine after preliminary test. The calibration curve of zipeprol was linear (r = 0.998) and the recoveries of zipeprol 5, 10 and $20\;{\mu}g$ added to 1 ml postmortem blood were $97.2{\pm}3.9$, $92.5{\pm}3.9$ and $86.9{\pm}4.6%$ respectively. The blood zipeprol concentration varied 2.9 to $24.69\;{\mu}g/ml$ in 10 fatal cases. All the deaths were young adults with the age of 16-21. Three metabolites were identified in drug abuser's urine, 2-methoxy-2-phenyl ethylpiperazine, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3-phenyl propylpiperazine and a demethylated zipeprol.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.285-285
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• 2002

Diazepam (DZ) is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs as an antianxiety agent. muscle relaxant. and anticovulsant and sometimes causes intoxication due to accidental overdose, misuse or abuse. DZ is metabolized to nordiazepam (NDZ, desmethyldiazepam), oxazepam (OX) and temazepam (TM) which are also pharmacologically active, although OX and TM do not accumulate in blood or plasma to an appreciable extent. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2017

To investigate the anti-hangover effects of Cudrania tricuspidata root extract (CTE), the blood alcohol metabolism and blood gas imbalance of CTE in rats treated with 10 ml/kg alcohol were examined. CTE (500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg) was administrated after 30 minutes of alcohol consumption (10 ml/kg). Blood collection was implemented from the tails of the animals after 1, 3, and 5 hours post alcohol consumption. The Condition drink (a commercial anti-hangover beverage) was used as a positive control. Single administration by the oral route was performed. The consumption of CTE (500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg) decreased the serum alcohol concentration by increasing and maintaining both the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity levels in the blood and liver. In addition, CTE led to recovery from the imbalances in the blood gas levels, including carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and changes in pH, bicarbonate ($HCO_3{^-}$) and lactic acid levels due to alcohol ingestion. In conclusion, CTE exerted a more pronounced anti-hangover effect than a commercial anti-hangover drink. Therefore, CTE can be a novel and safe anti-hangover natural product agent for the prevention or treatment of symptoms caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2019

Special chemical warfare agents are lethal gases that attack the human respiratory system. One of such gases are blood agents that react with the irons present in the electron transfer system of the human body. This reaction stops internal respiration and eventually causes death. The molecular sizes of these agents are smaller than the pores of an activated carbon, making chemical adsorption the only alternative method for removing them. In this study, we carried out a Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation by passing a blood agent: cyanogen chloride gas through an SG-1 gas mask canister developed by SG Safety Corporation. The adsorption bed consisted of a Silver-Zinc-Molybdenum-Triethylenediamine activated carbon impregnated with copper, silver, zinc and molybdenum ions. The kinetic analysis of the chemical adsorption was performed in accordance with the test procedure for the gas mask canister and was validated by the kinetic data obtained from experimental results. We predicted the dynamic behaviors of the main variables such as the pressure drop inside the canister and the amount of gas adsorbed by chemisorption. By using a granular packed bed instead of the Ergun equation that is used to model porous materials in Computational Fluid Dynamics, applicable results of the activated carbon were obtained. Dynamic simulations and flow analyses of the chemical adsorption with varying gas flow rates were also executed.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.118.2-118.2
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• 2003

Propofol(2, 6-diisopropylphenol) is rapid, short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent. It is used for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia or sedation. The recommended doses are 2-2.5mg/kg given as a titration infusion over about 30min to achieve anaesthesia. Recently, we encountered 4 fatalities related to propofol. One death is a suicide by self-administered of propofol and the others are therapeutic misadventures during surgical care. The propofol level in the blood and tissues were determined by gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectral detection. (omitted)