• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2012

The effect of orally administered sun ginseng (SG), which is a ginseng processed by steaming, was examined in adenine-induced chronic renal failure rat. SG significantly decreased both blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, indicating an improvement of renal function. Also, SG significantly increased the urinary excretion of both urea and creatinine. Furthermore it lowered the blood pressure, and inhibited adenine-induced kidney hypertrophy and edema. Based on these findings, SG may ameliorate chronic renal failures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1683-1689
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• 2001

The levels of urea nitrogen both in blood (BUN) and milk (MUN), and milk protein (MP) reflect protein and energy intake in dairy herd feeding. Blood and milk constituents may be changes rhythmically and influence by different sampling time within a day and after feeding. Trials were conducted using five dietary treatments in both lactating and dry cows to study the effects of sampling time on concentrations of BUN, MUN and whole blood ammonia nitrogen (BAN) in practical dairy cow feeding in Taiwan. The conventional feed ingredients and forages including corn silage, alfalfa hay, timothy or pangola hay and corn grain were used as major source of the diet to follow practical dairy cow feeding. Five different diets were varying in amounts (low=L; standard=S; high=H) of crude protein (P) and energy (E) according to the NRC (1989). The energy to protein ratios in kcal/kg for the PSES, PLES, PHES, PSEH and PSEL were 10.82, 12.54, 9.41, 12.53 and 9.13 in lactating cows, and 11.38, 13.33, 9.78, 13.28 and 9.74 in dry cows, respectively. Results showed that after feeding at 9:30, BUN reached peak at 13:30 and was significantly higher than those to that sampled at 14:30 to 18:30 (p<0.05) in dry cows. Therefore the best blood sampling time for urea nitrogen assay in dry cows is 4 hours after morning feeding. In lactating cows, BUN of 13:30 was significantly higher than those of 8:30 to 11:30 (p<0.05), but there were no significant difference between the BUN values of other sampling time. Hence the suitable blood sampling time for BUN value in lactating cows was located on 3 to 8 hours after morning feeding, but the best time was 4 hours after morning feeding. MUN content is significantly higher in the afternoon collected bulk milk than the fore-strip morning milk (p<0.05), therefore the best sampling time for MUN is from afternoon collected bulk milk. Diurnal BAN changed without traceable rhythmic pattern and was negatively correlated to the BUN (r = -0.78). It is suggested that BAN may not be a good indicator for monitoring dairy cow feeding.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.620-626
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• 2017

Objective : Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequently related to dehydration, the impact of dehydration on VTE in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is not clear. This study investigated whether dehydration, as measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine (Cr) ratio, influences the occurrence of VTE in patients with AIS. Methods : This is a retrospective study of patients with AIS between January 2012 and December 2013. Patients with newly diagnosed AIS who experienced prolonged hospitalization for at least 4 weeks were included in this study. Results : Of 182 patients included in this study, 17 (9.3%) suffered VTE during the follow-up period; in two cases, VTE was accompanied by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Patients with VTE were more frequently female and had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, more lower limb weakness, and elevated blood urea nitrogen BUN/Cr ratio on admission. In a multivariate analysis, BUN/Cr ratio >15 (odds ratio [OR] 8.75) and severe lower limb weakness (OR 4.38) were independent risk factors for VTE. Conclusion : Dehydration on admission in cases of AIS might be a significant independent risk factor for VTE.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 1993

The present study was designed to examine the effect of tested preparation, WY-91 (consisting of ginseng extract, ganoderma extract and Royal jelly) on alcohol-induced unusual metabolism(such as blood glucose(BG), triBlyceride(TG), and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) level in blood) and nrperinlental liver injury($CCl_4$ and high fat diet) in mice. WY-91 lowered the level of blood glucose (BG),triglyceride(TG) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) induced by alcohol in a dose-dependent manner. This preparation could protect hepatic function from a damages caused by high fat diet and $CCl_4$ administration(p.o.).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.475-483
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• 2019

The purpose this study was to investigate the influences of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) supplementation on enzyme activities such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, lipase and catalase in serum of dyslipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (24 male) were divided into four groups, namely the ND group (normal-nondyslipidemic diet), NT group (normal-nondyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric), DD group (control-dyslipidemic diet), and DT groups (dyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric). Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and uric acid were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by turmeric supplementation diet. The activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, amylase and lipase in sera of turmeric diet group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The catalase activity in serum of turmeric supplementation group was significantly increased than dyslipidemic diet (p<0.05). In vivo experiment with dyslipidemic rats showed that ingestion of turmeric were effective in kidney and hepatic functional enzyme activities. Which suggests that turmeric material could be used for further studies as a potential source for nutraceutical foods.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.531-537
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• 2022

This study evaluated the effects of dehulled lupin kernel (DLK) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, fecal microbiota and fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 108 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average initial body weight (IBW) of 24.49 ± 3.2 kg were allocated to one of three dietary treatments (5, 10, and 20 % DLK) according to sex and BW in a randomized complete block design for 6 wk. Each dietary treatment consisted of 9 replication pens with 4 pigs per pen (2 gilts and 2 borrows). The results show that there were no significant differences in growth performance and nutrient digestibility among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, pigs fed the DLK20 diet had a higher BUN compared with those fed the DLK10 diet (p < 0.05). No effects were observed on the fecal microbiota and fecal noxious gas emission among the treatments. In conclusion, the inclusion of 20% DLK had no adverse effects on the performance in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.471-476
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• 1996

Blood biochemical and histopathological changes in vital organs of rabbits were studied after 19 wk of feeding composite diets (75 concentrate : 25 roughage) incorporating either urea (2%, wt/wt) ammoniated or alkali (1.5%, wt/wt) treated neem kernel meal (NKM) replacing peanut meal protein of control diet by either 50 or 100%. The blood biochemical constituents (Haemoglobin, Alanine amino transferase, Aspartate amino transferase, Total protein, Blood urea nitrogen &Cholesterol) in rabbits fed on processed NKM diet at either levels, were comparable to the values of thos on control diet except a lowered (p < 0.05) blood glucose concentration in processed NKM fed rabbits as compared to that in control diet fed ones. Histological examination revealed increased goblet cell activity, stunting of jejunal villi, mild tubular degeneration in kidney and hepatic fibro-cellular reaction in rabbits fed on urea ammoniated and alkali treated NKM diets with less marked changes in the latter. Testicular changes with variable degree of disorganization and vacuolation of spermatogonial cells were noticed in rabbits fed higher levels of urea-ammoniated and alkali treated NKM. Thus, alkali treatment and urea-ammoniation were effective in detoxification of meal, but the processing technology is to be further perfected to prevent cumulative effect of residual neem bitters in long term feeding.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.504-508
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• 1991

In order to investigate whether the function of distal nephron is disturbed in adenine-induced renal failure rats, we measured the urinary kallikrein level in adenine-ingesting rats fed on 0.75% adenine diet for 1 to 10 days. Administration of 0.75% adenine to rats significantly increased blood urea nitrogen level and urine volume, while the level of kallikrein along with the urinary excretions of urea and inorganic phosphate were significantly decreased. From these results, it is suggested that adenine-induced renal failure is caused by early deterioration of distal nephron as well as proximal nephron.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.818-822
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of different sources of energy on intake and nutrient utilization from urea molasses mineral block (UMMB), rumen fermentation pattern and blood biochemical constituents, 18 intact and 9 rumen fistulated male Murrah buffaloes aged about 3 years and average weight 310.8 kg were randomly allocated into three groups of 9 animals in each, thus each group having 6 intact and three rumen fistulated buffaloes. All animals were fed individually for 90 days. All buffaloes were offered wheat straw as basal roughage and urea molasses mineral block for free choice of licking. Three different energy sources viz., barley grain, (group I), maize grain (group II) and jowar green (group III) were offered to meet their nutrient requirement as per Kearl (1982). At the end of feeding trial, a metabolism trial of 7 days duration was carried out on intact animals to determine the digestibility of nutrients. Rumen fermentation studies were carried out on rumen fistulated animals. After the metabolism trial blood was collected from intact animals to estimate the nitrogen constituents in blood serum of animals fed on different sources of energy. Results revealed no significant difference in the intake of UMMB in three groups. Similarly, the intake of DM (kg), DCP (g) and TDN (kg) per day was similar in three groups statistically. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group II than group III, whereas the digestibility of DM, OM and NFE was similar in group I and II. The digestibility of crude fiber (CF) and all the fiber fractions i.e. NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose was alike in 3 groups. Nitrogen balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group III as compared to group I and II, which were alike statistically, though the N intake (g/d) was similar in 3 groups but N balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) less in group III as compared to other 2 groups. Significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), total nitrogen (TN) and its fractions were observed in group I and II as compared to group III. There was no effect on rumen pH, rumen volume and digesta flow rate due to different sources of energy in 3 groups. Similarly the blood serum biochemical parameters (NH3-N, urea-N and total protein) were statistically identical in 3 groups.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.307-310
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to provide the data of blood chemistry in use of application to clinical diagnosis in racehorses. Blood was collected from 30 racehorses(♀ 17, ♂ 13). Calcium, inorganic phosphorus, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, bilirubin, fibrinogen and ketone body in serum were analyzed as follows. 1. The values of calcium and inorganic phosphorus were maintained a certain level without much variation regardless of sex and species, Ca/P ratio was in the range of 3.13~3.35. 2. The value of blood glucose was 60 mg/100ml, Age and sex of racehorses make no difference in the value. 3. The value of blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol showed a tendency to increase according to the age. Total cholesterol value was somewhat higher in male than in female. 4. The value of total bilirubin showed a tendency to increase according to the age. There was no difference between sexes in the value. 5. The value of fibrinogen showed no apparent difference with age and sex. 6. Ketone body was negative in all of the cases. 7. There was no variation in the species of the racehorses.