• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2014

Alcoholism is a significant global health problem. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play important roles in the metabolism of alcohol and aldehyde. In this study, we aimed to investigate the eliminatory effects of a fruit extract drink on alcohol metabolism in drunken Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were given a fruit extract drink or a commercial product (10 mL/kg) 30 min prior to 40% (5 g/kg) ethanol ingestion. To assay the effect of the fruit extract drink on blood ethanol concentration, blood samples were taken from the saphenous vein at 3 and 5 h after ethanol ingestion. The blood concentrations of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the fruit extract drink group than in the control group, in a time-dependent manner. However, the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of all experimental groups were unaltered compared to those of the control group. These results suggested that fruit extract drink intake can have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase concentrations in the blood and may alleviate acute ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2018

The rate pressure product (RPP) is expressed as a product of the heart rate and systolic blood pressure as an index indirectly measuring the myocardial oxygen consumption, and it indicates the burden on the myocardium. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal level of RPP for preventing metabolic syndrome in a treadmill exercise test in Korean adults. Metabolic syndrome was the diagnosis of the third executive summary report on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. According to the criteria, the metabolic syndrome diagnosis group (MetS, N=25), pre-metabolic syndrome group (Pre-MetS, N=106), and non-risk factor group (Non-MetS, N=65) were classified. The exercise stress test was performed based on the Bruce protocol. The RPP was calculated as (heart rate${\times}$systolic blood pressure)${\div}1,000$. The results showed that the maximum systolic blood pressure was high despite the low daily dose reached in the diagnostic group of metabolic syndrome. The optimal threshold of the RPP at the time of the exercise treadmill test for a metabolic syndrome prediction was $12.56mmHg{\times}beats/min{\times}10^{-3}$ in the first stage of the exercise stress test. The second stage of the exercise test was $16.94mmHg{\times}beats/min{\times}10^{-3}$, and at the third stage of the exercise test was $21.11mmHg{\times}beats/min{\times}10^{-3}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.827-831
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol on the blood glucose level in diabetic mice. We supplied 2 experimental diets (CO without and GO with 0.2% ${\gamma}$-oryzanol) to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. Diet intake, body weight and levels of blood glucose, hemoglobin $A_{lc}$ and insulin were measured. Though there was no significant difference in diet intake between experimental groups, the concentration of fasting blood glucose and blood glucose area from glucose tolerance test in diabetic mice was lower in GO group than CO group during the supplementary period of experimental diets. Hemoglobin Ai, was lower and serum insulin level was higher in GO group than CO group without significance. These results suggest that r-oryzanol decrease the blood glucose level, and ${\gamma}$ -oryzanol produced from residual product of rice may be developed with high value.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.53-58
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• 2019

Recently, product research has been continuously conducted to enhance accessibility to blood pressure measurement for the purpose of healthcare for the chronic patient. In previous studies, electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoelectric pulse wave (PPG) are analyzed to calculate systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The problem is the development of analysis algorithms for accuracy and reproducibility. In this study, in the development stage of a micro blood pressure measuring device, the size of the device was reduced and the measurement method was simplified, while the algorithm was to extract systolic blood pressure (SBP) using only two PPGs and obtain diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The difference value of PPG, DF_P, is inversely related to SBP, and has a proportional relationship with DBP, which can be leaked by algorithm, and DBP can be tracked through SBP.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2017

National reference standards (NRSs) for biologics are established through potency estimation by a multi-center joint study of standard materials used in the approval process for national lot release and quality control of vaccines, blood products, and other biologics. In this study, a stability evaluation was conducted to determine whether the potency of NRSs for six blood products was being maintained at a consistent level in Korea. The present study conducted real-time stability tests via in-vivo/in-vitro bioassay on NRSs for blood coagulation factor VIII concentrate (2nd standard), antithrombin concentrate, prekallikrein activator, anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin, blood coagulation factor IX concentrate, and anti-tetanus human immunoglobulin, as well as a trend analysis using cumulative annual results. The real-time stability test results showed that the mean potency of six NRSs was all within the control limit. In the trend analysis, the potency of NRS for blood coagulation factor VIII concentrate (2nd standard) showed a decreasing trend, while the potency of all other products had been stably maintained. The present study confirmed that the mean potency of NRSs for six blood products had been stably maintained in Korea. The findings of the present study establish a foundation that can ensure the quality of NRSs for biologics in Korea, and it is expected to make a major contribution to the supply of high-quality biologics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2013

The acute and subacute hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of drinkable ripe onion juice (Commercial product name is "Black Onion Extract") were investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For tests of acute and subacute hypoglycemic effects, ripe onion juice (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w.) was administered by oral gavage to normal Sprague Dawley rats and measurements of fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Tolbutamide was used as a reference drug at a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. To test anti-hyperglycemic activity, the ripe onion juice was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by oral gavage at single dose of 15 mL/kg b.w. per day for 7 consecutive days. Oral administration of the ripe onion juice at either dosed level of 5 or 15 mL/kg b.w. showed no remarkable acute hypoglycemic effect in normal rats. The two dosed levels caused a relatively small reduction, only 18% and 12% (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w., respectively) decrease in glucose levels at 2 h after glucose loading in normal rats. However, at 3 h after glucose loading, blood glucose levels in the ripe onion juice-dosed rats were decreased to the corresponding blood glucose level in tolbutamide-dosed rats. Although showing weak hypoglycemic potential compared to that of tolbutamide, oral administration of ripe onion juice (15 mL/kg b.w.) for a short period (8 days) resulted in a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels that had elevated in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that the commercial product "Black Onion Extract" may possess antihyperglycemic potential in diabetes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.517-530
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• 1994

For the purpose of providing the basic data for health management of workers who are exposed to chromium and for improving the quality of working environment, the authors evaluated blood and urinary level of chromium, the occupational history. AST, ALT, Hb, Hct, nasal specular examinaton on 287 workers who have been dealed chromium compounds in 56 manufacturing Industries of five types, that is, 38 metal plating services(plating),4 manufacture of other fabricated metal products (fabricated metal product), 5 manufacturing of dyestuff(dyestuff), 6 dressing and dyeing of leather(leather), 3 others(manufacture of pottery and ceramic househod wares, motor vehicles, electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components) and also measured the level of chromium in air from February to October 1993. The results were as follows ; 1. The utilized type of chromium compounds was the hexavalent state in plating fabricated metal product dyestuff, leather and the trivalent state in .other, and atmosperic chromium concentration as geometric mean was $0.0138mg/m^3(0.001{\sim}0.068mg/m^3)$ in plating, $0.0115mg/m^3(0.006{\sim}0.015mg/m^3)$ in fabricated matal product, $0.068mg/m^3(0.002{\sim}0.019mg/m^3)$ in dyestuff, $0.0083mg/m^3(0.002{\sim}0.028mg/m^3)$ in leather $0.0039mg/m^3(0.003{\sim}0.005mg/m^3)$ in other by the type of industry and it exceeded TLV-TWA ($0.05mg/m^3$) in five (13.6%) of plating services. 2. The geometric mean of chromium in blood was $1.54{\mu}g/dl(0.10{\sim}3.62{\mu}g/dl)$ in Plantng, $0.94{\mu}g/dl(0.27{\sim}2.82{\mu}g/dl)$ in fabricated metal product, $0.51{\mu}g/dl(0.10{\sim}3.25{\mu}g/dl)$ in dyestuff, $0.87{\mu}g/dl(0.15{\sim}8.00{\mu}g/dl)$ in leather, $0.55{\mu}g/dl(0.20{\sim}2.28{\mu}g/dl)$ in other by the type of industry(p<0.001). 3. The geometric mean of chromium in urine was $14.47{\mu}g/l(6.90{\sim}28.00{\mu}g/l)$ in planting, $4.63{\mu}g/l(0.24{\sim}43.00{\mu}g/l)$ in fabricated metal product, $5.93{\mu}g/l(1.00{\sim}33.00{\mu}g/l)$ in dyestuff, $11.09{\mu}g/l(0.80{\sim}48.00{\mu}g/l)$ in leather, $12.41{\mu}g/l(10.10{\sim}41.00{\mu}g/l)$ in other by the type of industry(p<0.001). 4. As the result of nasal specular examination, twenty four cases (8.4%) of nasal septal perforation among 287 total subjects was observed, and there were 17 (9.7%) cases in plating, 4 csaes (14.3%) in dressing and dyeing of leather. In the comparison of chromium concentration in blood and urine between the perforated group and non-perforated group, the perforated group showed a significantly higher value as $1.883{\pm}3.055{\mu}g/dl\;and\;0.793{\pm}0.815{\mu}g/dl$(P<0.001), $21.31{\pm}34.610{\mu}g/L\;and\;9.304{\pm}11.079{\mu}g/L$ (P<0.001). 5. The mean concentration of chromium in blood, urine and the mean level of AST, ALT, Hb and Hct in exposure group were higher than those of control group(p<0.001).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.980-991
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examnin the effect of slow stroke back massage(SSBM) on anxiety and immune response in patients undergoing open heart surgery and to compare the effect of 5-minutes with 10-minutes SSBM. Among the sixty-four patient subjects, twenty-one were one experimental group receiving massage for 10-minutes, twenty for the other experimental group receiving massage for 5-minutes and twenty-three for the control group. Subjects were admitted at Hospitals in Inchon and Puchon for open heart surgery. This study was carried out from October 10, 1997 to May 10, 1998. The levels of anxiety were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Trait anxiety scale, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol and the levels of immune response were measured by the blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell. Study measurements were taken before and after SSBM on the 1st post operative day. Data were analyzed using x$^2$ test, oneway ANOVA, paired t-test, t-test and Pearson product moment correlation. The results were summarized as follows : 1. After SSBM, VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate of the experimental group were decreased significantly than those measurements before the SSBM. After SSBM, significant difference in the VAS anxiety level, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate between the experimental and control groups were found. 2. After SSBM, the blood cortisol of the experimental and control groups were increased significantly compared with before SSBM. But the significant difference in blood cortisol between the two groups was not found. 3. After SSBM, the blood T-lymphocyte percentages of the experimental and control groups were decreased signigicantly and blood Natural killer cell percentages of the two groups were increased compared with before SSBM. But significant difference in blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between the two groups was not found. 4. Significant difference in VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol, blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between SSBM for 5 minutes and SSBM for 10 minutes were not found. Based upon the results, this study concludes that the slow stroke back massage for 5 minutes is a useful intervention that decreases anxiety and produces relaxation in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1464-1469
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of red ginseng by-product (RGB) on the laying performance, blood biochemistry, and microbial population in laying hens. A total of 120 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (75 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial-type basal diet was prepared, and 2 additional diets were prepared by supplementing 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RGB to the basal diet at the expense of corn. The diets were fed to hens on an ad libitum basis for 4 weeks. There were no differences in feed intake, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio during 4 weeks of the feeding trial. However, hen-day egg production was significantly greater (p<0.05) for the RGB treatment groups than that for the basal treatment group. There were no differences in triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during the 4-week feeding trial. However, RGB supplementation increased (p<0.05) the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM content compared with basal treatment group. The total cholesterol was lower (p<0.05) in the RGB treatments groups than that in the basal treatment group. The intestinal Lactobacillus population was greater (p<0.05) for the RGB treatments groups than that for the basal treatment group. However, the numbers of Salmonella and Escherichia coli were not different among dietary treatments. During the entire experiment, there was no significant difference in egg quality among all the treatments. In conclusion, in addition to improving hen-day production, there were positive effects of dietary RGB supplementation on serum immunoglobulin and cholesterol levels in laying hens.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.343-348
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• 2008

The bioequivalence of two cyclosporine A (CyA) 100 mg soft capsules (Chong Kun Dang's $Cipol-N^{(R)}$ as the test drug; Korea Novartis' Sandimmun $Neoral^{(R)}$ as the reference drug) was assessed in healthy male Korean volunteers after oral administration of 200 mg CyA according to a randomized crossover design. The whole blood samples were analyzed for the determination of parent CyA in the blood by using a validated HPLC/diode array detector method. The mean $AUC_t$ values for reference and test products were $4095.3{\pm}1397.2$ and $3958.3{\pm}1138.2\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, respectively. The mean $C_{max}$ values were $1135.9{\pm}293.2\;ng/mL$ for the reference product, and $985.0{\pm}207.9\;ng/mL$ for the test product. $T_{max}$ was $1.6{\pm}0.4\;hr$ for the reference and $1.8{\pm}0.5\;hr$ for the test product. The differences of $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were -3.35, -13.28 and +10.63%, respectively. The point estimates and 90% confidence intervals for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ were 0.981 (0.9171 to 1.0514) and 0.876 (0.8229 to 0.9336), respectively. Based on the pharmacokinetic and statistical data, we conclude that these two products are bioequivalent and can be considered interchangeable in the medical practice.