Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2018.50.2.136

Optimal Cutoff Points of Rate Pressure Product in Each Stage of Treadmill Exercise Test According to the Degree of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults  

Shin, Kyung-A (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinsung University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science / v.50, no.2, 2018 , pp. 136-143 More about this Journal
Abstract
The rate pressure product (RPP) is expressed as a product of the heart rate and systolic blood pressure as an index indirectly measuring the myocardial oxygen consumption, and it indicates the burden on the myocardium. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal level of RPP for preventing metabolic syndrome in a treadmill exercise test in Korean adults. Metabolic syndrome was the diagnosis of the third executive summary report on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. According to the criteria, the metabolic syndrome diagnosis group (MetS, N=25), pre-metabolic syndrome group (Pre-MetS, N=106), and non-risk factor group (Non-MetS, N=65) were classified. The exercise stress test was performed based on the Bruce protocol. The RPP was calculated as (heart rate${\times}$systolic blood pressure)${\div}1,000$. The results showed that the maximum systolic blood pressure was high despite the low daily dose reached in the diagnostic group of metabolic syndrome. The optimal threshold of the RPP at the time of the exercise treadmill test for a metabolic syndrome prediction was $12.56mmHg{\times}beats/min{\times}10^{-3}$ in the first stage of the exercise stress test. The second stage of the exercise test was $16.94mmHg{\times}beats/min{\times}10^{-3}$, and at the third stage of the exercise test was $21.11mmHg{\times}beats/min{\times}10^{-3}$.
Keywords
Cutoff points; Metabolic syndrome; Rate pressure product; Treadmill;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Gobel FL, Norstrom LA, Nelson RR, Jorgensen CR, Wang Y. The rate-pressure product as an index of myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise in patients with angina pectoris. Circulation. 1978;57:549-556.   DOI
2 Kim YJ, Kim C, Ahn JK, Lim SW, Kim EK, Shin YO, et al. Comparison of myocardial oxygen uptake and blood pressure in myocardial infarction patients response to treadmill and bike exercise therapy. Korean J Sports Med. 2002;20: 15-21.
3 Shin KA. Association between resting heart rate and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Korean men. Journal of Wellness. 2015;10:305-316.
4 Rossi AM, Davies E, Lavoie KL, Arsenault A, Gordon JL, Meloche B, et al. The impact of metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction on exercise-induced cardiovascular changes. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21:143-148.   DOI
5 Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497.   DOI
6 World Health Organization. The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney, Australia: health communications Australia; 2000. p19-20.
7 Bruce RA, Blackmon JR, Jones JW, Strait G. Exercising testing in adult normal subjects and cardiac patients. Pediatrics. 1963;32:742-756.
8 Nagpal S, Walia L, Lata H, Sood N, Ahuja GK. Effect of exercise on rate pressure product in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;51:279-283.
9 White WB. Heart rate and the rate-pressure product as determinants of cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1999;12(2 Pt 2):50-55.
10 Sarnoff SJ, Braunwald E, Welch GH Jr, Case RB, Stainsby WN, Macruz R. Hemodynamic determinants of oxygen consumption of the heart with special reference to the tension-time index. Am J Physiol. 1958;192:148-156.
11 Zargar JA, Naqash IA, Gurcoo SA, Mehraj-Ud-Din. Comparative evaluation of the effect of metoprolol and esmolol on rate pressure product and ECG changes during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in controlled hypertensive patients. Indian J Anaesth. 2002;46:365-368.
12 Ellestad MH. Stress testing. 4th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 1996. p17, 379.
13 Kwon MG, Kim YJ. Study on the application of exercise type in exercise intensity setting. Korean Journal of Sport. 2017;15:947-955.
14 ACSM. Exercise management for persons with chronic disease and disabilities. 2nd ed. Indianapolis: American College of Sports Medicine; 2003. p88.
15 Fornitano LD, Godoy MF. Increased rate-pressure product as predictor for the absence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease in patients with positive exercise test. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2006;86:138-144.
16 Shephard RJ, Balady GJ. Exercise as cardiovascular therapy. Circulation. 1999;99:963-972.   DOI
17 Fletcher GF, Cantwell JD, Watt EW. Oxygen consumption and hemodynamic response of exercises used in training of patients with recent myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1979;60:140-144.   DOI
18 Lee HJ, Park YJ, Kim YK, Han KS, Jin YS. The effects of exercise training on body composition, MVO and QTc interval in obese woman. Korean J Sports Med. 1999;17:188-196.
19 Kim NI, Kim YI, Choi KS, Choi CG, Yoon S. Body composition, myocardial oxygen uptake and electrocardiogram response in severe obesity with men. Korean Journal of Physical Education. 2002;41:395-405.
20 Kim YJ, Kim CH. Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to the 14week exercise rehabilitation program in elderly acute coronary syndrome patients. Korean Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sport Science. 2010;12:63-71.
21 Londeree BR. Moeschberger ML. Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 1984;4:44-49.
22 Kim YJ, Kim CH, Park KM. Excessive exercise habits of runners as new signs of hypertension and arrhythmia. Int J Cardiol. 2016;217:80-84.   DOI
23 Pizzi J, Silva LR, Moser D, Leite N. Relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis, blood pressure, and lipid profile in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2013;57:1-6.   DOI
24 Deedwania PC, Nelson JR. Pathophysiology of silent myocardial ischemia during daily life. Hemodynamic evaluation by simultaneous electrocardiographic and blood pressure monitoring. Circulation. 1990;82:1296-1304.   DOI
25 Kim C, Kim CH, Jee H, Lim YJ, Kim YJ. Effects of exercise type on hemodynamic responses and cardiac events in ACS patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26:609-614.   DOI
26 Filipovsky J, Ducimetiere P, Safar ME. Prognostic significance of exercise blood pressure and heart rate in middle-aged men. Hypertension. 1992;20:333-339.   DOI
27 Isomaa B. A major health hazard: the metabolic syndrome. Life Sci. 2003;73:2395-2411.   DOI
28 Shin KA. The blood pressure response during graded exercise test in obese adults. Biomed Sci Letters. 2017;23:215-222   DOI
29 Fornitano LD, Godoy MF. Increased rate-pressure product as predictor for the absence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease in patients with positive exercise test. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2006;86:138-144.
30 Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:683-689.   DOI
31 Ishizaka N, Ishizaka Y, Toda E, Nagai R, Yamakado M. Association between serum uric acid, metabolic syndrome, and carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese individuals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:1038-1044.   DOI
32 Jin SM, Shin SY, Kim WJ. The effects of 12-weeks' intermittent high-intensity exercise on the myocardial oxygen uptake and pulse wave velocity. Journal of Wellness. 2017;12:689-698.
33 Cheitlin MD, Sokolow M. Clinical cardiology. Norwalk: Appleton and Lange; 1993. p1-38.
34 Detollenaere M, Duprez D, De Buyzere M, Vandekerckhove H, De Cock N, De Backer G. Myocardial oxygen demands of job activities in post-myocardial infarct patients. Eur Heart J. 1993;14:373-376.   DOI
35 Meyer K, Samek L, Pinchas A, Baier M, Betz P, Roskamm H. Relationship between ventilatory threshold and onset of ischaemia in ECG during stress testing. Eur Heart J. 1995;16:623-630.   DOI
36 Ridocci F, Velasco JA, Echanove I, Soriano G, Cruz Torregrosa M, Paya R, et al. Effects of a 1-year exercise training program on myocardial ischemia in patients after myocardial infarction. Cardiology. 1992;80:406-412.   DOI