• 제목/요약/키워드: Blood Contamination

검색결과 128건 처리시간 0.026초

착용자 환경 및 시간에 대한 마스크 미생물 오염 연구 (A Study on the Mask Microbial Contamination by Working Environment and Wearing Time)

  • 서혜경;권영일;이성연;강병갑;명준표;장호영;김희주;심수아;박성욱
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.427-439
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    • 2021
  • Objectives: This study aims to investigate differences in microbial contamination according to the duration and environment of mask wearing. Methods: Forty-five participants were recruited from workers in an offices, multi-purpose facilities, and a schools. After wearing of KF94 mask for two. four, and six hours, the microorganisms adsorbed on the outer and inner layers of the mask were inoculated on BAP(Blood Agar Plate), Chocolate agar, and SDA plates. The bacterial count (CFUs: colony-forming units) cultured in each plate was measured and analyzed for changes in filtration efficiency. Results: The microbial contamination of masks worn in classrooms, offices, and multi-purpose facilities showed a significant difference depending on the environment (p<0.000). The measured CFUs increased significantly according to the time wearing the mask. The difference between the inner and outer layers of the mask was also significant (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the filtration efficiency of the masks by duration time (p=0.515). Conclusions: Masks worn by workers in the offices, multi-purpose facilities, and schools showed an increase of microbial contamination with the amount of time wearing the mask. The results indicate that the masks used in daily life may have adverse health effects if they are worn for a long time or reused over several days without the realizing that the masks can be contaminated with biological hazards. Guidelines on the safe threshold time for mask use should be established through further research.

실내 클라이밍 짐 홀드의 관리방법에 따른 미생물 오염에 관한 연구 (A Study on Microbial Contamination according to Effective Management Strategies of Indoor Climbing Gym Holds)

  • 김지인;신혜진;정유정;서해송;오기택;박용후;김성균
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.102-112
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    • 2024
  • Background: Despite the rise in the number of domestic indoor climbing gyms, there is a lack of specific hygiene standards and research on the holds installed in them. Holds can act as vectors for microbial transmission through the hands, posing a risk of infectious diseases, especially with damaged skin. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the contamination level and species of microorganisms on holds according to the management methods practiced in indoor climbing gyms and identify effective strategies for reducing microbial contamination. Methods: We investigated factors that may influence microbial contamination of holds, including hold management methods, user information, and hygiene management at three climbing gyms in Seoul. A total of 72 holds were sampled, 18 for each management method of brushing, high-pressure washing, and ethanol disinfection. Samples were cultured on LB and blood agar at 37℃ for 48 hours to calculate CFUs. PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA was carried out to identify microorganisms. Dunn-Bonferroni was employed to see the microbial reduction effect of the management method and the difference in microbial contamination by management method and climbing gym. Results: As a result of microbial identification, microorganisms such as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus, which were derived from various environments such as skin and soil, were discovered on the surface of the climbing hold. Among the discovered microorganisms, some species had potential pathogenic properties that could cause food poisoning, gastrointestinal disease, bacteremia, and sepsis. All hold management methods were effective in reducing microorganisms (p<0.05), with ethanol disinfection being the most effective (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicate that there are potential pathogens on holds that demand thorough management for microbial prevention. Proposed methods include regular brushing and ethanol disinfection in addition to high-pressure washing with long cycles, which are the existing forms of hold management. Further studies on shoe management are advised to curb soil-derived microorganisms.

Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Blood Serum Level Between Organic and Conventional Farmers in Eastern Taiwan

  • Mei-Hua Chung;Kuo-Hsiang Hung;Mi-Chia Ma;Mei-Yu Liu;Ru-Wei Lin
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.110-113
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    • 2024
  • Numerous studies have indicated that organic fertilizers (OFer) might contain heavy metals (HMs) that present health risks to organic farmers (OFar). This study compared the concentrations of six HMs (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr) in the blood of two distinct groups of farmers: 30 OFar from a designated organic area in eastern Taiwan, and 74 conventional farmers (CFar) from neighboring non-organic designated regions. The findings revealed that the OFar exhibited higher levels of Zn (1202.70 ± 188.74 ㎍/L), Cr (0.20 ± 0.09 ㎍/L), and Ni (2.14 ± 1.48 ㎍/L) in their blood compared to the CFar (988.40 ± 163.16 ㎍/L, 0.18 ± 0.15 ㎍/L, and 0.77 ± 1.23 ㎍/L), respectively. The disparities in Zn, Cr, and Ni levels were measured at 214.3 ㎍/L, 0.02 ㎍/L, and 1.37 ㎍/L, respectively. Furthermore, among the OFar, those who utilized green manures (GM) displayed significantly elevated blood levels of Zn (1279.93 ± 156.30 ㎍/L), Cr (0.24 ± 0.11 ㎍/L), and Ni (1.94 ± 1.38 ㎍/L) compared to individuals who exclusively employed chemical fertilizers (CFer) (975.42 ± 165.35 ㎍/L, 0.19 ± 0.16 ㎍/L, and 0.74 ± 1.20 ㎍/L), respectively. The differences in Zn, Cr, and Ni levels were measured at 304.51 ㎍/L, 0.05 ㎍/L, and 1.20 ㎍/L, respectively. As a result, OFar should be careful in choosing OFer and avoid those that may have heavy metal contamination.

절식 시간에 따른 육계의 소낭 내 Salmonella 오염도, 소화관 길이, 혈액 성분, 계육 품질에 미치는 영향 (EFfect of Feed Withdrawal Time on Salmonella Contamination in the Crop, Intestinal Weight, and Blood Parameters of Broilers before Harvesting)

  • 김희진;강환구;홍의철;김현수;손지선;유아선;강보석;전진주
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.287-295
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 농장 단계에서의 절식 시간에 따른 육계의 중량 및 소화기관의 무게의 변화, 소낭 내 Salmonella, Campylobacter 오염, 혈액 매개변수, 계육 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 총 100 수의 육계(초기생체중, 1.906±0.06 kg)를 무작위로 5개의 처리구에 나누어 배치하였다. 절식 기간 동안 물은 공급했지만 사료는 공급하지 않았다. 절식 시간은 2, 3, 4, 5, 6시간으로 설정하였다. 생체중, 도축 전 체중, 도체중, 소화기관의 무게, 소낭 내 Salmonella 및 Campylobacter 수, 혈청 생화학적 조성, 백혈구, 적혈구, 혈소판 및 계육 품질을 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 절식시간에 따른 도체중, 혈액 corticosterone, 가슴육 pH, 육색, 보수력에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 하지만, 6시간 절식한 육계의 소장 내 Salmonella 균 수가 유의적으로 낮았으며, 전단력은 유의적으로 가장 높았다. 6시간 동안 절식한 육계의 가슴육의 전단력은 증가하였으나 소비자의 관능적 특성에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, Salmonella 균 오염도 감소하여 도계 시 오염도가 감소할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구 결과는 농장단계에서의 절식시간 설정에 대한 참고 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향후 운송, 계류 시간도 함께 고려한 총 절식 시간에 대한 연구도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Fluid transport model을 이용한 치근단 역충전 재료의 혈액오염시 미세누출평가 (EVALUATION OF MICROLEAKAGE WITH RETROGRADE FILLING MATERIALS IN BLOOD CONTAMINATION USING FLUID TRANSPORT MODEL)

  • 안효순;장인호;이세준;이광원
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2002
  • Leakage studies have been performed frequently, since a fluid-tight seal provided by various dental fill-ing materials has been considered clinically important. The leakage of the various root-end filling materials has been widely investigated mostly dye penetration method. These dye studies cannot offer any information about the quality of the seal of a test material over a long period of time The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of root end cavities in blood contamination filed amalgam, intermediate restorative material(IRM), light cured glass ionomer cement(GI) and mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA) by means of a modified fluid transport model. Fifty standard human root sections, each 5mm high and with a central pulp lumen of 3mm in diameter, were and filled with our commonly used or potential root end fill ing materials after they were contaminated with blood. At 24h. 72h, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after filling, leakage along these filling materials was determined under a low pressure of 10KPa(0.1atm) using a fluid transport model. The results were as follows : 1 MTA group showed a tendency of decreasing percent of gross leakage (20m1/day) in process of time, whereas the other materials showed a tendency of increasing in the process time. 2. At the all time interval, GI group leaked significantly less than amalgam group and IRM group (p<0.05). 3. At the 4 weeks, the percentage of gross leakage in MTA group decreased to 0% thereafter, the low per-centage of gross leakage was maintained in MTA group until the end of the experiment, whereas the percentage in IRM group increased to 100% 4. At the 12 weeks, percentage of gross leakage was significantly low in MTA group(0%), comparison with GI group(40%), amalgam group(90%) and IRM group(100%), but there was no significant difference between latter two materials.

("황제내경소문(黃帝內經素問)" 중(中) 사혈(瀉血)에 관한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Blood-Letting Therapy in Elementary Questions)

  • 이준근
    • 대한한의정보학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.19-42
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    • 2008
  • Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.

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생체지표를 이용한 지하수 오염의 건강 영향 평가: 일개 지역을 중심으로 (Health Effects of Exposure to Oil-contaminated Water Using Biological Markers: Focusing on G Village near the Area of Daecheon Beach)

  • 오두남;임경춘;박승미
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.74-81
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the health effects of exposure to oil-contaminated water in G village near the area of Daecheon beach on which air force had test fired. Methods: Eighty residents consented and were divided into three groups; 33 residents(drinking well water and still living there), 23 residents(drinking well water but do not live there any more), and 24 residents(did not drink well water but live there now: control group). Data were collected from August to September, 2010 from the survey questionnaires, general health examination, specific functional test, and biological marker tests. Results: Current residents showed higher levels of body mass index, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose that are related to adult diseases. 64 participants received specific test for cancer. Only one person had esophageal cancer. Perchloroethylene was not found in the Urine Samples. Current residents showed a higher level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, an indicator of oxidative damage, and there was a statistically significant difference after correcting the confounding variables. Conclusion: We need education programs for managing the risk factors that are related to adult diseases in people who are now living in this village. We also need to expand further studies for investigating oxidative damage indicators.

혈액 오염 처리 과정이 교정용 브라켓 접착에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Blood Decontamination on Orthodontic Bracket Bonding)

  • 이재희;신지선;김종수
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.341-349
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    • 2017
  • 혈액 오염 처리 과정은 교정용 브라켓 부착 성공에 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구의 목적은 교정용 브라켓 접착 중 발생할 수 있는 오염 처리 과정에 따른 영향을 알아보고자 함이다. 이에 프라이머 광중합 전과 후에 혈액 오염이 되었을 때 세척 방법에 따라 전단 결합 강도에 미치는 영향을 평가해보고, 접착 파절 형태 및 표면 양상을 주사전자 현미경을 이용하여 관찰해보고자 하였다. 50개의 소구치를 대상으로, I군은 대조군으로 전통적인 산부식 방법으로 부착하였다. II군과 III군은 프라이머 광중합 전에, IV군과 V군은 프라이머 광중합 후에 혈액 오염이 일어난 군으로 나누었다. 또한 II군과 IV군은 코튼 펠렛만 이용하여, III군과 V군은 수세 후 코튼 펠렛을 이용하여 세척하였다. 그 결과 평균 전단 결합 강도는 I군, V군, III군, II군 그리고 IV군 순으로 나타났다. 또한 주사 전자 현미경 사진 상에서 수세 후 코튼 펠렛으로 닦은 군이 코튼 펠렛으로만 처리한 군에 비해 균일한 산부식 표면을 보였다. 접착제 잔류지수는 대조군과 실험군 간에 유의차가 있었다(p < 0.05).

국내 혈액에서의 PCDD/Fs 및 PCBs 분석과 오염원 특성에 관한 연구 (Analysis of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in Human Blood and Characteristics of Contamination Sources)

  • 양윤희;김병훈;장윤석
    • 분석과학
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.147-158
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    • 2001
  • 고분해능 가스크로마토그래프/고분해능 질량분석기를 이용하여 시화공단 지역 근로자와 일반주민의 혈액에서 다이옥신류를 분석하였다. 평균 다이옥신류의 농도는 근로자가 일반주민보다 높았다. 근로자와 일반주민의 평균 다이옥신 TEQ 농도는 각각 40.3 pg I-TEQ/g lipid, 16.6 pg I-TEQ/g lipid였고, 전체 PCBs 농도는 각각 174.1 ng/g lipid, 151.0 ng/g lipid였다. 주성분분석을 한 결과, 근로자와 일반주민의 다이옥신 이성질체 분포는 구별되었지만, 모두 식품류에서의 분포와 유사하였다. 각 개인의 일일 다이옥신 섭취량을 계산했을 때 40%만이 WHO에서 제시한 1-4 pg I-TEQs/kg bw/day의 허용범주를 만족하였다.

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혈액 오염된 역충전 재료의 미세누출 평가 (Evaluation of Microleakage with Retrograde Filling Materials in Blood Contamination)

  • 조혜진;문종현;박종적;유미경
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.85-93
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of root-end filling material filled in blood contaminated root-end cavity and self-etching adhesive placed over blood contaminated resected root apices without root-end preparation. Extracted, human maxillary incisors, canines and mandibular premolar were randomly divided into four groups of 15 teeth each. After canal preparation, resection of the apex and root-end preparation, MTA and IRM were filled in the root-end cavity (A and B group). After canal preparation and resection of the apex, Clearfil SE Bond and Prompt L-Pop were applied over the contaminated root-end surfaces (C and D group). The roots were then subjected to 15cm of water pressure to simulate periapical microleakage stress. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. All groups showed a tendency of decreasing microleakage in process of time after 2weeks later except IRM group. 2. After 2 weeks and 1 month, MTA group showed less microleakage significantly than other groups(p<0.05). After 2 months, Prompt L-Pop group showed less microleakage significantly than other groups(p<0.05). 3. After 9 months, there were no significant differences among four groups(p>0.05). Thus it is considered that apical sealing using adhesives system without root-end preparation is good method in endodontic surgery.