• 응용통계연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.191-200
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• 1993

이 연구는 혈압에 대한 역학적인 연구의 특성 및 중요성을 소개하고 우리나라 아동의 혈압에 지속성 현상이 있는가를 밝히고자 하였다. 지속송에 대한 통계적 분석방법으로서 상관분석, 성장곡선 모형을 이용한 McMahan의 방법, 그리고 Blomqvist가 제안한 방법등을 우리나라 일부지역에서 6년간 추적관찰된 아동혈압자료에 적용하여 그 결과들을 비교 분석하였다. 측정오차를 교정한 상관분석은 계산이 용이하다는 장점이 있으나 추정된 상관계수 행렬이 시간의 차(lag-difference)에 따라 단조함수가 되지 않을 수 있으며 이런 경우 지속성에 대한 해석상의 어려움이 있다. McMahan 모형은 지속성을 역학적인 관점에서 타당성이 이다고 생각되는 상대 순위의 유지도란 개념으로 정의하고 또한 전체자료에 대한 공분산구조를 모형에 반영하여 요약된 지속성에 대한 지표를 계산할 수 있는 장점이 있으나, 계산이 복잡하고 성장곡선모수의 치수를 결정하는데 따른 어려움이 있다. Blomqvist 모형은 지속성을 초기 시점에서의 측정값과 전체 시계열자료에서의 변화율간의 선형적인 관계로부터 정의하고 이 경우 발생할 수 있는 평균으로서의 회귀에 대한 영향을 수학적으로 교정하였다는 장점이 있으나, 추정값이 양수가 아닌 경우 역학적인 관점에서의 해석상의 문제점이 존재한다.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

상호 침투하는 고분자 가교구조(IPN)는 가교 고분자의 블렌드라고 볼 수 있다. IPN의 큰 특징 중의 하나는 IPN 합성 중 모폴로지의 조절이 가능하다는 점으로 반응속도와 상 분리 속도의 상대적인 크기에 따라 모폴로지의 조절이 가능하고 따라서 나노미터 크기의 분산상도 얻을 수 있고 상호연속 상(co-continuous phase)도 얻을 수 있다. 또 하나의 중요한 특징은 IPN 구조에 존재하는 가교구조 사이의 물리적 얽힘때문에 한번 형성된 모폴로지는 주위 환경에 관계없이 변하지 않는다는 점이다. 친수성 폴리우레탄과 소수성 폴리스티렌의 결합을 IPN 형태로 하면 표면에 친수성과 소수성 도메인이 공존하게 되고 이러한 표면이 우수한 혈액 적합성을 보인다. IPN 합성시 반응온도, 반응압력, 가교밀도 등을 변화시켜 소수성 폴리스티렌 도메인의 크기를 변화시키고 이에 따른 혈액 적합성의 변화를 연구하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1064-1075
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• 2021

Recently, a high level of dietary crude protein (CP) has become of interest as a possible practice to improve the carcass quality of beef cattle, and its level has been increasing in the field. However, there is little scientific evidence that supports this. This study was conducted to test whether a high dietary CP level would improve growth performance, body metabolism, and carcass traits in Hanwoo beef cattle. A total of 32 Hanwoo finishing beef cattle (18 multiparous cows, six heifers, and eight steers) participated in a 12-weeks feeding trial. Two kinds of total mixed rations were prepared to contain two different CP; 156 g/kg for the control (CON) and 173 g/kg of CP for the treatment (HCP), while maintaining a similar level of metabolizable energy. The experiment was ended when more than half of the steers reached the target body weight (730 kg). Blood was collected at the end of the experiment. After harvesting, the carcass trait was evaluated at the slaughterhouse according to Korean standards. The carcass yield score and grade were also calculated based on revised criteria. Overall, dry matter intake, average daily gain, blood metabolites concentration, and the carcass traits, except for backfat thickness and the yield score, did not differ between the treatments. The HCP had lower backfat thickness than those of CON. There was no difference in the carcass yield grade, but the yield score was higher in the HCP treatment. According to the newly revised carcass grading criteria, both yield score and grade were higher in HCP than in CON. Increasing CP supply decreased the carcass's backfat thickness without altering growth performance and body metabolism, resulting in improved yield score and grade. Therefore, feeding a high CP diet may be beneficial in the farm income, although it may also increase feed cost and nitrogen excretion to the environment.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.855-866
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• 2021

Objective: Performance and physiological responses of dairy calves may change by using extruded soybean meal (ESBM) instead of common soybean meal (SBM) in starter feed. The aims of the current study were i) to determine the effect of extrusion processing of SBM on protein electrophoretic size, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) structures and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) protein subfractions and ii) to determine the effect of substitution of SBM with ESBM in starter feed of Holstein heifer calves during pre and post-weaning on performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. Methods: The SBM was substituted with ESBM at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (dry matter [DM] basis). Fifty heifer calves (initial body weight 40.3±0.63 kg) were used for the study. After birth, animals were fed colostrum for 3 days and then they were fed whole milk until weaning. Animals had free access to starter feed and water during the study. Results: Extrusion of SBM decreased electrophoretic protein size and increased rapidly degradable true protein fraction, changed FTIR protein and amide II region. With increasing level of ESBM in the diet, starter intake increased quadratically during the pre-weaning period (p<0.05) and body weight, DM intake and average daily gain increased linearly during the post-weaning and the whole study period (p<0.05). Tbe DM and crude protein digestibilities at week 14 and blood glucose and beta hydroxybutyric acid increased linearly in calves as the level of ESBM increased in the diet (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dairy calves performance and physiological responses were sensitive to SBM protein characteristics including electrophoretic size, FTIR structures and CNCPS protein fractions.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2019

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the related factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The subjects were 187 persons diagnosed as fatty liver by abdominal ultrasonography. They were divided into three groups according to the severity of fatty liver: control, mild, moderate or severe. The three groups' general characteristics, laboratory results, liver function indexes, metabolic syndrome indexes, tumor markers, heart rate variability values and Sasang constitution distribution were compared and analyzed. Results Male ratio, height, weight, body mass index, red blood cell count, hemoglobin level and creatinine level were higher in NAFLD groups than in control group. The levels of sodium and amylase were higher in control than in NAFLD. In liver function, the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpepsidase of NAFLD were higher. In metabolic syndrome index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in NAFLD, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was higher in control. The alpha-feto protein level was higher in NAFLD, and the heart rate variability was not different between NAFLD and control groups. In Sasang constitution, Taeeumin ratio of NAFLD was higher than of control. Conclusions The results suggest that nonalcoholic fatty liver is clinically related to liver dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, tumor markers, and Sasang constitution. Further studies are needed to control nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and prevent severe disease such as cirrhosis and cancer caused by fatty liver.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effects of addition of porcine blood plasma (PBP) to the emulsified pork batter as a substitute for the soy protein isolate (SPI) or sodium caseinate (SC) on the emulsion stability and physicochemical and textural properties of the emulsified pork batter. A total of 10 treatments were no addition and 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% addition with each of SPI, SC, and PBP. The moisture and fat losses of the pork emulsion after cooking decreased with increasing percentage of any of SPI, SC, and PBP (p < 0.05). Further, moisture loss was less for the PBP treatment than for SPI and SC (p < 0.05). The lightness, redness, and whiteness of the emulsified pork batter decreased (p < 0.05) due to any of the SPI, SC, and PBP treatments whereas the yellowness and the chroma and hue values increased. The lightness, redness, yellowness, and chroma and hue values differed also among the SPI, SC, and PBP treatments (p < 0.05); however, the numerical difference between any two types of substitutes was less than 8% of the two corresponding means in all of these variables. Textural properties, including the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and adhesiveness, were not influenced by any of the SPI, SC, and PBP treatments (p > 0.05), except for greater gumminess and chewiness for the PBP treatment than for SC. The present results indicate that PBP is comparable or even superior to SPI or SC in its emulsion-stabilizing effect and therefore could be used a substitute for the latter as a non-protein ingredient of pork emulsion batter.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2021

Background: Regular doctor visits are vital for hypertension patients, especially for who have never received hypertension medication or non-pharmacologic therapy. This study purposed to study factors affecting outpatient visits for patients diagnosed with hypertension. Methods: This study included 59,009 respondents with hypertension over 30 from 2019 Community Health Survey data. Outpatient visits were defined by having hypertension treatments such as medication or non-pharmacologic therapy. Logistic regression was used to examine the factors affecting outpatient visits using SAS ver. 9.3. Results: 57,081(96.73%) patients with hypertension were identified as those having a outpatient visit for hypertension treatments, whereas 1,928(3.27%) patients did not have visits. Patient's characteristics such as gender, age, periods of hypertension, education level, perception of the blood pressure, hypertension management education, place of living, body mass index, depression and diabetes were found to have statistically significant relationship with the outpatient visits. Practical Implications: There is a need to select patients with high blood pressure who are unlikely to visit for hypertension treatments based on the study results. For those, establishing a personalized management plan such as health education and counseling programs will be helpful for the successful implementation of national chronic disease management program.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1286-1300
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of sodium long chain polyphosphate (SLCPP) and effect of dietary supplementation of SLCPP on growth performance, organ characteristics, blood metabolites, and intestinal microflora of broilers. Antimicrobial activities of SLCPP were observed against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in agar well diffusion assay. In addition, SLCPP demonstrated good anti-biofilm activity against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, to investigate the dietary effect of SLCPP, a total of 480 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three dietary treatment groups (4 replicates per group, 40 birds in each replicate): an antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal basal diet (NC); basal diet + enramycin 0.01% (PC); and basal diet + 0.1% SLCPP (SPP). The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results showed that birds fed with SLCPP had higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower phase (days 7 to 21) (p < 0.05). Except for blood urea nitrogen, all other blood biochemical parameters remained unaffected by the dietary supplementation of SLCPP. Compared to the control group, lengths of the duodenum and ileum in the SPP group were significantly shorter (p < 0.05). Moreover, counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total aerobes, and Streptococcus spp. in jejunum as well as LAB in cecum were increased in the SPP group than in the PC group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary supplementation of SLCPP might promote the growth of broilers in their early growth phase.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

Objectives : To prove the channel-tropism theory in herbology, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of six herbal plants used for lower wasting-thirst in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 days. The rats were divided into normal control, diabetic control, and diabetic treatment with Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC, 300 mg/kg); Corni Fructus (CF, 300 mg/kg); Bombyx Batryticatus (BB, 50 mg/kg); Lycii Fructus (LF, 300 mg/kg); Phellodendri Cortex (PC, 300 mg/kg); Epimedii Herba (EH, 300 mg/kg); and glibenclimide (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug. Herbal extracts or reference drug were administered orally for 28 days. The changes of body weight, food intake and water intake, and serological markers such as blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured. Results : The decrease of body weight and the increase of food and water intake in STZ-induced diabetic rats was improved by the administration of CF and LF. Also, the enhancement of blood glucose and serum total cholesterol, TG, BUN and Cr in STZ-induced diabetic rats was significantly inhibited by the administration of CF, BB, LF and glibenclimide. On the other hand, EH strongly inhibited the increase of BUN and Cr in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that among six herbal medicines used lower emaciation of emaciation-thirst disease, CF, BB, LF and EH show a characteristics including the channel-tropism theory.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.508-519
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• 2023

Muscle reduction owing to aging causes changes in physical function among the elderly. Fitness compression wear reduces fatigue by compressing the main muscles, expanding blood vessels, and rapidly discharging lactic acid. The effect of clothing pressure when wearing fitness compression wear for the elderly was objectively and subjectively evaluated for six women aged 55-64 years. The evaluation clothes were three types of tops and bottoms, one type of design (A) preferred among the existing compression wear, and two types of design (B and C). The objective evaluation items included clothing pressure, blood flow, surface temperature, and subjective satisfaction. It was found that clothing A had the highest clothing pressure in the straight posture and five fitness movements. Blood flow increased the most when wearing the evaluation clothing. The surface temperature was found to be the highest for clothing C, and subjective satisfaction was found to be the best when wearing evaluation clothing B. If the tensile strength was low and the tensile elongation was high, as in evaluation clothing B, it was recognized as appropriate clothing pressure, and the subject was subjectively satisfied. When manufacturing fitness compression wear in the future, it will be possible to increase users' objective and subjective satisfaction with wearing it, if the incision of the garment were placed at the location of the line of non-extension (LoNE), and appropriate material characteristics are applied.