• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to obtain an objective index that can be quantified and used for establishing an animal welfare certification standard in Korea. For this purpose rumen pH, ruminating time, milk yield, milk quality, and blood components of cows reared in farms feeding high forage level (90%) and farms feeding low forage level (40%) were compared. Methods: Data on rumen pH, rumination time, milk yield, milk fat ratio, milk protein ratio, and blood metabolism were collected from 12 heads from a welfare farm (forage rate 88.5%) and 13 heads from a conventional farm (forage rate 34.5%) for three days in October 2019. Results: The rumination time was longer in cattle on the welfare farm than on the conventional farm (p<0.01), but ruminal pH fluctuation was greater in the cattle on conventional farm than the welfare farm (p<0.01). Conventional farms with a high ratio of concentrated feed were higher in average daily milk yield than welfare farms, but milk fat and milk production efficiency (milk fat and milk protein corrected milk/total digestible nutrients) was higher in cattle on welfare farms. Blood test results showed a normal range for both farm types, but concentrations of total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid were significantly higher in cows from conventional farms with a high milk yield (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that cows on the animal welfare farm with a high percentage of grass feed had higher milk production efficiency with healthier rumen pH and blood metabolism parameters compared to those on the conventional farm.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2006

This study was conducted to examine the correlation among meals variety, obesity index, blood pressure, and lipid profiles of Korean adults. A total of 308 adults(men 124, women 184) measured the anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, dietary intake using 24-hour recall method, and serum lipid profile. The average ages of the study subjects were 50.9 yrs in men and 51.4 yrs in women. The average height, weight and BMI were 166.3 cm, 68.4 kg, $24.7\;kg/cm^2$ in men and 154.3 cm, 59.8 kg, $25.0\;kg/cm^2$ in women, respectively. The numbers of food items in meal of men and women were 14.1, 15.9 for breakfast, 15.7, 15.9 for lunch, 14.7, 14.1 for dinner, respectively. The numbers of dish items in meal of men and women were 4.0, 4.3 for breakfast, 4.3, 4.3 for lunch, 4.2, 3.9 for dinner, respectively. The average blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index were 126.6/76.0 mmHg, 181.0 mg/dL, 157.7 mg/dL, 40.9 mg/dL, 108.6 mg/dL, 3.5 in men and 123.2/73.6 mmHg, 185.0 mg/dL, 137.3 mg/dL, 44.8 mg/dL, 112.7 mg/dL, 3.2 in women, respectively. The total cholesterol was negatively correlated to the number of food item for lunch(p<0.05). Therefore, more systematic studies to investigate the meal variety roles of blood lipids in meals of adults were required.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Purpose: Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been widely used. The optimal time for collection is a critical factor to obtain proper counts of CD34 cell by peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSC). The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing peripheral blood stem cell collection in order to figure out the more effective timing for PBSC. Method: The subjects of this study were 189 patients undergoing 3 leukapheresis from January 28, 2005 to December 31,2006. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SAS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1-CD34 cell counts $<2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=97); group $2-2{\times}10^6/kg$ ${\leq}CD34$ cell counts $<4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=26); group 3-CD34 cell counts ${\geq}4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=63). Results: Based on outcome of peripheral blood stem cell according to diagnosis, acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was 65.5% at Group 1, Lymphoma was 21.7% at Group 2 and multiple myeloma (MM) was 70.8% at Group 3. There were significant differences in CD34 cell counts according to diagnosis (p=0.00004). Type of cytokine mobilization according to diagnosis, Lenograsim was using 62.5% of MM & 38.2% of AML and filgrastim is using 22.0% of AML only. Circular peripheral blood CD34 cell counts prior to harvest was $258.1/{\mu}L$ at Group 3 which was much higher comparing to Group 1 ($10.5/{\mu}L$) and Group 2 ($39.9/{\mu}L$) (p<0.001). TNC counts of collected peripheral blood stem cell was $15.36{\times}10^6/kg$ at Group 3 and it's much higher than Group 2 ($13.16{\times}10^6/kg$) and Group 1 ($12.36{\times}10^6/kg$) (p=0.083). There was no significant difference in MNC counts inbetween 3 groups. Conclusions: Circular peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts prior to harvest was much higher at Group 3 than Group 1 and Group 2. Therefore, the number of CD34+ cells on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for peripheral blood stem cell.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1992

This study was carried out to find out some characteristic responses of biological samples under the exposure of trace metals with the considering of Sex, age, residence period and smoking. Blood, Urine and Hair were collected from 116 dwellers in the vicinity of a smelting factory. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the following results were found important. 1) The concentrations of trace metals in the blood were 0.010+ 0.003 $\mu$g/ml in Cd, 0.82+ 0.11 $\mu$g/ml in Cu, 0.23_+ 0.13 $\mu$g/ml in Pb and 5.78_+ 1.43 $\mu$g/ml in Zn, those in the urine were 1.7_+ 1.7 $\mu$g/l in Cd, 16.5_+ 16.0 $\mu$g/l in Cu, 24.6_+ 23.0 $\mu$g/l in Pb and 367.7_+ 283.4 $\mu$g/l in Zn, and those in the hair were 0.52_+ 0.56 $\mu$g/g in Cd, 11.00_+4.01 $\mu$g/g in Cu, 8.53_+ 7.05 $\mu$g/g in Pb and 383.23_+ 110.56 $\mu$g/g in Zn. 2) In sex, the concentrations of Zn in the blood and urine of male were higher than those of female, however, the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the hair of female were higher than those of male. 3) The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in the urine showed an increasing trend by age. 4) While the concentration of Cd in the urine increased, the concentration of Pb in the hair decreased by residential period in all the samples. 5) The concentrations of Cd and Zn in the blood and that of Zn in the urine of smoking group were higher than those of non-smoking group. The concentration of Pb in the blood of smoking group and those of Cd, Pb and Zn in the urine of non-smoking group showed increasing the trend by age. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in the urine of non-smoking group, the concentration of Zn in the hair of smoking group showed increasing trend by residential period, however, the concentrations of Pb in the blood and hair and that of Zn in the hair showed decreasing trend by residential period. 6) When the correlations of the concentrations between Zn (main smelting metal) and other metals were analyzed, Zn in the blood was significantly correlated with Cu, Pb and Zn in the urine (positively) and Zn in the urine was significantly correlated with Zn in the blood, Cd, Cu and Pb in the urine, and Pb in the hair (positively). Zn in the hair was significantly correlated with Cd in the urine and Cu in the hair (positively). 7) Consequently, it was useful to note that samples of urine showed higher sensitivity under the metal exposure than those of blood and hair in individual sampling. In addition, as trace metals showed higher accumulation in the hair of the groups, sampling of hair was more highly recommended than those of urine and blood in group sampling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

Molecular detection methods such as RT-PCR for detecting breast cancer-associated gene expression in the peripheral blood have the potential to modify breast cancer (BC) staging and therapy. In this regard, we evaluated the potential of erb-B2 molecular marker in BC detection and analyzed the expression of erb-B2 mRNA in the peripheral blood and fresh tissue samples of 50 pretreated female BC patients and 50 healthy females by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) method. We also assessed the correlation of erb-B2 mRNA marker positivity in peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples with clinical and pathological factors in BC patients in order to evaluate its prognostic value. It was shown that there is a significant difference between healthy females and BC patients with expression of the erb-B2 molecular marker (p<0.01). A significant difference between the expression of erb-B2 in the peripheral blood and tissue samples of BC patients (p<0.01) and the frequency of circulating erb-B2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood and in tissue was detected by RT-PCR. No correlation was found between erb-B2 mRNA expression in blood or tumor tissue samples and lymph node, tumor grade, tumor stage, tumor size, patient's age, ki67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR), P53, and HER-2 status. However, in a small subset of 31 BC patients we found that expression of erb-B2 in peripheral blood or in both peripheral blood and tumor tissue was directly correlated with lympho-vascular invasion and perineural invasion as poor prognostic features. The highest rates of erb-B2 expression in peripheral blood or tumor tissue were in the ER and PR negative and HER-2 positive group. This study suggests that the application of the RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods for erb-B2 molecular marker detection would provide a higher detection rate, especially in early stage BC.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.753-764
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• 2006

생물학 영역에서 혈액 순환은 복잡하고 추상적인 개념으로 학생들이 이해하기 어렵고, 오개념이 많아 수업 후에도 쉽게 변화하지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 혈액 순환 개념의 존재론적 속성에 따른 학생들의 개념 이해도를 학교 급별로 조사 분석하고, 혈액 순환에 대한 학생들의 이해 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 세 부분으로 나누어 진행하였다. 첫째로, 순환 개념을 심장, 혈관, 혈액 순환으로 구분하여, 각 개념의 구조, 기능, 행동, 기작 요소별로 학생들의 이해를 알아보기 위한 개념 검사지를 개발하였다. 두 번째로 개념 검사지를 중학교, 고등학교, 대학교 학생들에게 적용하여 순환 개념의 요소별로 학교 급에 따라 개념 이해 수준이 어떻게 다른지를 비교하고, 학생들의 순환 경로의 유형을 구분하였다. 마지막으로 개념이해가 낮은 요소에 대한 개념의 존재론적 범주를 분석하여 그 특성을 파악함으로써, 개념의 범주 간 이동을 촉진시키는 수업 전략을 구성하는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 본 연구 결과, 혈액순환 개념 중 구조나 기능 요소는 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생이 모두 높은 이해 수준을 보였고 학교 급별로 큰 차이가 없었으나, 행동이나 기작 요소에 대한 이해는 자연계열 고등학생과 대학생들에서 뚜렷하게 높아졌다. 학생들의 혈액 순환 모형은 7가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있었으며, 자연계열 고등학생들과 대학생들은 이중 분지형의 비율이 다른 학교 급에 비해 상대적으로 높았다. 또한 학생들의 순환 기작에 대한 존재론적 범주를 분석한 결과, 평형-독립적 범주의 개념을 사건-목적 범주로 인식하는 경우가 많아, 개념에 대한 잘못된 존재론적 범주의 인식이 개념 이해를 어렵게 한 원인으로 여겨진다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2011

The importance of shear thinning non-Newtonian blood rheology on the hemodynamic characteristics of idealized cerebral saccular aneurysms were investigated by carrying out CFD simulations assuming two different non-Newtonian rheology models (Carreau and Ballyk models). To explore effects of vessel curvature, a straight and a curved vessel geometry were considered. The wall shear stress(WSS), relative residence time(RRT) and velocity distribution were compared at the different phases of cardiac cycle. As expected, blood entered the aneurysm at the distal neck and created large vortex in both aneurysms, but with higher momentum on the curved vessel. Hemodynamic characteristics such as WSS, and RRT exhibited only minor effects by choice of different rheological models although Ballyk model produced relatively higher effects. We conclude that the assumption of Newtonian fluid is reasonable for studies aimed at quantifying the hemodynamic characteristics, in particular, WSS-based parameters, considering the current accuracy level of medical image of cerebral aneurysm.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.695-705
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• 2012

Dietary fiber naturally present in various sources of cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables plays a physiological role in human health, such as lowering cholesterol and blood pressure, improving blood glucose control in diabetes, helping with weight loss and management, and reducing cancer risk. In addition, dietary fibers have has been added as a functional food ingredient to food products to provide water-holding capacity, viscosity, gel-forming ability, and fat-binding capacity to food products. These beneficial characteristics of dietary fiber components can improve the image of meat products to be healthy and functional food products. This article reviews the concept and current definition of dietary fibers in food products along with their health benefits and functional characteristics. Dietary fibers from different sources like cereals, legumes, fruits, and vegetables and soluble dietary fibers have been applied as functional ingredients to various types of meat products, such as beef patties, ground beef and pork, pork and chicken sausages, meatballs, and jerky etc. Based on the application of dietary fibers to different types of meat products, possible future characteristics in selecting appropriate dietary fiber ingredients and their proper incorporation are explored to develop and produce healthy and functional meat products with high dietary fiber contents.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.827-835
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the aesthetic characteristics of splatter films' make-up. Splatter films are one of horror movies that consist of gore and excessive violence. These represent the cruelty with the victims' physical damages made by special effect make-up. Splatter make-up is classified into the trickle of blood, the cutting of body, and the exposure of the inner parts of body, and changes a fake into a fact with reality. The aesthetic characteristics of splatter make-up were shown in the uncanny, the abjection and the irony. The uncanny which is strange and displeasure feeling is presented by the fragmentation of body, and the living of nonliving thing. The abjection means humble image, and the concept of border or ambiguity. The former is expressed by the matters of body's secretion and excretion. The latter is shown by the use of blood(the life and death) and corpses(the human and inhuman), and animatronics(the human and instruments). The irony which is a sense of humor caused by conflict between external appearance and reality. This is represented by comics induced by discord between excessive violence and make-up tricks, and the brutality and the weakness.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2007

The aggregation characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) are known as important factors in the microvascular flow system, and increased RBC aggregation has been observed in various pathological diseases, such as thrombosis and myocardial infarction. This paper describes a simple microfluidic device for measuring the RBC aggregation by integrating a microfluidic slit rheometry and laser-backscattering technique. While a decreasing-pressure mechanism was applied to the microfluidic rheometry, a syllectogram (the light intensity versus time) showed an initial increase and a peak caused by the high shear stress-induced disaggregation, immediately followed by a decrease in the light intensity due to RBC aggregation. The critical shear stress (CST) corresponding to the peak intensity was examined as a new index of the RBC aggregation characteristics. The CST of RBCs increased with increasing aggregation-dominating protein (fibrinogen) in the blood plasma. The essential feature of this design was the combination of the rheometric-optic characterization of RBC aggregation with a microfluidic chip, which may potentially allow cell aggregation measurements to be easily carried out in a clinical setting.