• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6353-6358
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• 2015

Background: To explore the safety, efficacy, and oncological outcome of 3-port laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) compared to open radical cystectomy (ORC) in patients older than 75 years. Materials and Methods: From June 2010 to July 2014, we analyzed 16 radical cystectomies in patients older than 75 years (LRC group=8; ORC group=8). Demographic parameters, operative variables, and perioperative outcome in the 2 groups were retrospectively collected, analyzed, and compared. Results: Patients in both groups had comparable preoperative characteristics. A significantly longer operating time (476 vs. 303 min, P=0.0002) and less estimated blood loss (627 vs. 2,106 mL, P=0.021) were observed in the LRC group compared to the ORC group. Infection and ileus were the most common early complications after surgery. Patients who underwent ORC suffered from more postoperative infection (22.2% vs. 0.0%, P=0.054) and ileus (25.0% vs. 12.5%, P=0.521) than the LRC group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions: Judging from this initial trial, 3-port LRC can be safely carried out in elderly patients. We suggest 3-port LRC as the primary intervention to treat muscle-invasive or high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer in elderly patients with an otherwise relatively long life expectancy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1589-1595
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• 2014

Objective: Forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) is a member of the winged helix/forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors. It has been suggested to regulate tumor vasculature, growth, invasion and metastasis, although it has not been studied in cervical cancer. Here, we analyzed FOXC2 expression in cervical tissues corresponding to different stages of cervical cancer development and examined its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. In addition, we examined the effects of targeting FOXC2 on the biological behavior of human cervical cancer cells. Methods: The expression of FOXC2 in normal human cervix, CIN I-III and cervical cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry and compared among the three groups and between cervical cancers with different pathological subtypes. Endogenous expression of FOXC2 was transiently knocked down in human Hela and SiHa cervical cells by siRNA, and cell viability and migration were examined by scratch and CCK8 assays, respectively. Results: In normal cervical tissue the frequency of positive staining was 25% (10/40 cases), with a staining intensity (PI) of $0.297{\pm}0.520$, in CIN was 65% (26/40cases), with a PI of $3.00{\pm}3.29$, and in cancer was 91.8% (68/74 cases), with a PI of $5.568 {\pm}3.449$. The frequency was 100% in adenocarcinoma (5/5 cases) and 91.3% in SCCs (63/69 cases). The FOXC2 positive expression rate was 88.5% in patients with cervical SCC stage I and 100% in stage II, showing significant differences compared with normal cervix and CIN. With age, pathologic differentiation degree and tumor size, FOXC2 expression showed no significant variation. On transient transfection of Hela and SiHa cells, FOXC2-siRNA inhibition rates were 76.2% and 75.7%; CCK8 results showed reduced proliferation and relative migration (in Hela cells from $64.5{\pm}3.16$ to $49.5{\pm}9.24$ and in SiHa cells from $60.1{\pm}3.05$ to $44.3{\pm}3.98$) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: FOXC2 gene expression increases with malignancy, especially with blood vessel hyperplasia and invasion degree. Targeted silencing was associated with reduced cell proliferation as well as invasion potential.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.125-133
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analysis of the difference between dementia policy perception, dementia knowledge, dementia attitude and dementia prevention behavior of middle-aged. The subjects were 217 middle-aged in their 40 to 64 years old who lived in D and G cities. The mean sore of were dementia policy perception 75.42±8.52, dementia knowledge 8.71±1.90, dementia attitude 28.55±5.10, dementia prevention behavior 27.04±3.35. Dementia knowledge were significant differences in gender, number of diseases, source of dementia information. Dementia attitudes were significant differences in gender, age, education, dementia in family, dementia living together, job status, early examination, source of dementia information. Dementia prevention behavior were significant difference in dementia living together and early examination. The most category of dementia prevention behavior was 'cigarette smoking(Inverse question)', and blood pressure and diabetes management' were the lowest. Therefore, development of a professional and systematic dementia education program to raise the awareness of dementia policy among middle-aged adults and form the right dementia knowledge and positive dementia attitude. Development of customized dementia prevention behavior programs to maintain cognitive activities, social activities, proper eating habits, and health care is needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.455-463
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• 2020

This researcher has sorted out the development process of death aesthetics contained in human art through advanced research. This research is a follow-up study of related research, which studies the aesthetic meaning of death in Alexander McQueen's fashion works. This study first classifies the aesthetic characteristics of death, and then analyzes and sorts out the aesthetics of death in Alexander McQueen's clothing works based on this. The results of this study are as follows: first, the aesthetic manifestations of death are divided into three categories: reproducibility, symbolic and religious. Among them, the representation of reproducibility includes the representation of real objects and the representation of virtual objects, and the symbolic performance includes two types of external performance and internal performance. Second, in Alexander McQueen's works, the reproducibility of death was mainly reflected by virtual stage scenes and costumes. Thirdly, the symbolic death is not only reflected in the skeletons and blood etc. directly related to the death of the body, but also in the various emotions and psychological states caused by the death. Fourth, the religious nature of death was represented in Alexander McQueen's works through such representative things as crosses and religious stories.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.57-63
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• 1994

인간의 정보처리 과정의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 반구별로 색채와 단어의 처리과정을 분석하였다. 단어와 색깔이라는 두가지 자극 속성이 있는 한 개의 자극에 대하여 각 자극 속성에 대한 판단과정을 반응키를 이용하여 반구별로 알아보았다. 단어에 대한 판단과 색깔에 대한 판단을 반구별로 분석한 결과, 색깔처리나 단어처리에 있어서 반구간 비대칭성은 나타나지 않았으나 색깔에 대한 판단이 단어에 대한 판단보다 신속하게 이루어지는 것으로 나타나 색채가 단어보다 기초적인 자극 속성임을 확인하였다. 단어와 색깔이라는 두가지 자극 속성을 이용한 경우에 한가지 자극속성을 처리할 때 다른 자극속성이 자동적으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나 그 정도에 있어서 반구간의 차이는 없었다. 그러나 색채가 단어처리를 간섭하는 정도가 단어가 색채처리를 간섭하는 정도보다 큰 것으로 나타나 기존의 스트룹 연구결과들과는 상반되는 결과를 얻었는데 이는 과제의 특성이라는 측면으로 기술되었다. 단어 처리에서 반구간 차이가 발견되지 않은 것은 한글의 시각적 특성과 관련지어 논의되었다. 자극의 한 속성이 자동적으로 다른 속성에 영향을 주지만 그 효과의 크기도 반구별로 차이가 없다는 것은 이전의 반구별 스트룹 효과를 알아본 연구들과 상반되는 결과이다. 따라서 자극속성이 상호영향을 줄 수 있는 좀더 일반적인 상황에서는 한 자극 속성이 다른 자극 속성의 처리에 자동적으로 영향을 주는 효과에서 반구 비대칭성이 발견되지 않으며 스트룹 효과는 두 자극 속성의 관계가 밀접한 특별한 경우에 나타나는 반구비대칭성 효과인 것으로 논의되었다.양 발생과 유의적으로 상관관계가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 phenol의 종류에 상관없이 식이 phenol에 조직의 항산화(산화억제)를 통해 암 예방(cancer prevention)에 영향을 미친다는 것을 제시해준다.물을 첨가하여 물내리기를 한 후 김이 오른 후 물내린 쌀가루에 15% 이상의 설탕을 첨가하여 20분간 쪄서 만든 백설기가 가장 바람직하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 실험 중 가장 중요한 조건은 첨가하는 물의 양이 10%이며 첨가하는 당이 설탕일 경우는 김이 오른 후 설탕을 섞어 바로 쪄야 하며 설탕의 양이 15% 이상이라는 것이다. 이 조건은 대체적으로 hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess가 큰 수치를 나타낸다.순구조의 Tonpilz형 초음파 변환기와 비교하여 비록 송파전압감도에 있어서는 약 5 dB 정도의 음향출력의 손실이 불가피하지만, 그 대신 주파수 대역폭을 약 5 재 정도 확대시킬 수 있는 장점이 있기 때문에 이 넓은 주파수 대역을 효과적으로 활용하면 어종식별을 위한 음향산란신호를 정량적으로 수집 및 평가하는 것이 가능하다고 판단된다.n A was 11 ug.이, 0.9 ug/g and 3.7 ug/g in the blood, liver and kidney, respectively.sional-managerial who secure the higher autonomy and stability in their work have the highest life chance in the labor and health, and leisure life

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.378-385
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• 2015

Dizziness is one of the most common symptoms in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients with dizziness who visited Korean medicine hospital. This study analyzed 328 patients with dizziness who visited Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Dae-Jeon University from Nov. 1st, 2012 to Oct. 31st, 2014. We gathered the data of the patients based on the medical charts. The patients were divided into 4 gorups ; central dizziness group, peripheral dizziness group, presyncope dizziness group, functional dizziness group, In the distribution according to sex, the number of female patients was higher than the male patients in all the types of dizziness except the presyncope group. The average age of the central group was higher than any other types. The peripheral and central group were most frequently admitted. The average hospitalization period were categorized as follows : central group 37.31, presyncope group 17, functional group 14.21, peripheral group 13.5 days. The following numbers of patients showed the distribution of each syndrome differentiation ; deficiency of qi and blood(氣血兩虛) 58.8%, plegm-dampness syndrome(濕痰中阻) 18.0%, hyperactivity of liver yang(肝陽上亢) 14.3%, deficiency of kidney essence(腎精不足) 8.8%. The distribution of herbal medicine for dizziness were categorized as follows ; Jaeumkeonbi-tang(Ziyinjianpi-tang, 滋陰健脾湯) 50.4%, Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang(Banxiabaishutianma-tang, 半夏白朮天麻湯) 10.2% and Bojungikgi-tang(Buzhongyiqi-tang, 補中益氣湯) 4.1%. The 86.0% of patients with dizziness has improved. The peripheral showed highest rate of improvement(100%). This report would serve as a reference data for further study about patients with dizziness in the clinical field of Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

This study provides some basic information on the improvement of diabetics' self-care activities through examining the patients' knowledge on diabetes, self-care activities, and how much they feel those activities are effective and through studying the correlation among the three factors. One hundred and fifty four patients were subjected to this study, who were treated or hospitalized in a hospital in Pusan. Researches were conducted from October 21 to November 9, 2002, and information were gathered by questionnaire and direct conversation with the patients. The data was processed through SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The Date were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results of this study was the followings; 1) The subjects' knowledge on diabetes ranged from 6 to 23 points with a mean of 17.01 points. 2) The subjects' self-care activities ranged from 21 to 103 points with a mean of 67.72 points. That of the patients with regular treatments appeared to have the highest points (3.51) and the lowest points appeared in the measurement of sugar level in blood (2.60) 3) The subjects' feelings of effectiveness ranged from 21 to 103 points with a mean of 70.01 points. Drug therapy had the highest point (3.94) and diet showed the lowest (3.37) 4) In the general characteristics of the subjects, the more education a subject had, the more knowledge on diabetes he or she appeared to have (F=3.36, p=0.012). The self-care activities were significantly high among non-alcoholic subjects (F=4.301. p=.016). The subjects' feelings of effectiveness were higher in female patients than in male patients(t=2.132 , p=.035), and those in the ages between 51 and 60 felt more effectiveness (F=4.198. p=.003). In addition, married subjects felt more effectiveness than the unmarried (t=2.856, p=0.005), and the more education a patient had. the more effectivess he or she felt (F=2.879, p=.025). 5) In the subjects' pathological characteristic, the subjects who experienced diabetes education showed more knowledge on diabetes, more self-care activity, and more effectiveness than those without the education (t=3.193, p=.002; t=2.299, p=.023; t=2.128, p=.035). 6) As the results of the analyses of correlations among knowledge on diabetes, self-care activity, and effectiveness, the more knowledge on diabetes a patient had, the more self-care activity and the more effectiveness he or she showed (p=0.283. p=0.002; p=0.182, p=0.036). Self-care activity became higher as the feeling of effectiveness appeared higher (r=.550, p=.000). Based on the results above, several suggestions were made; 1) This study was conducted in one hospital, so it is difficult to generalize the results. It is necessary to gather more information from more patients through repeated researches. 2) The study on the other factors which can affect a patient's self-care activity is required. 3) The development of a program which improves a patient's self-care activity, knowledge on diabetes. and effectiveness is needed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.90-116
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the children so as to avoid any accidents and to improve their health through a sound and safe living environment with safety education established through more systematic methods. For the study, the methods used include the questionnaires for collecting data which are distributed among 273 children from 3 to 6 years old. They live in three districts of Seoul (Kangnam and Kangbuk), Kyeonggido (Munsan and Ilsan) and Incheon. The children's general characteristics are investigated and the relationship between the accident-proneness prospects and their results are analyzed assuming that children's health is expected to have an effect on their safety. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. The accident-proneness prospect (for the living safety) has significant difference in sleeping habits and physically weak conditions(p<0.05). 2. The accident-proneness prospect (for the traffic safety) has no significant difference in accordance with the children's health condition. 3. Children's reasoning power has no significant difference in accordance with their health condition. 4. Children's movement speed non-significantly differs in accordance with their health condition. 5. Children's movement stability has a significant difference in accordance with their health conditions such as history of mild disease(p<0.05) and physical work capacity(p<0.05). 6. Children's attention power has no significant difference in accordance with their health condition. 7. Children's characteristic activities show a significant difference in accordance with their health history of mild disease(p<0.05). mental health(p<0.05). eating habits(p<0.05) and others (i.e. auditory abnormality and skin desease)(p<0.05). 8. General assessment of the APP test has no significant difference in accordance with their health condition. 9. The health conditions are a significant difference in the history of mild disease in accordance with sex(p<0.05) and whole family members(p<0.001). Also there are shown significant differences. in accordance with sex(p<0.05). in physical work capacity(p<0.05). Eye sight, blood circulation and skin condition show significant differences in accordance with residence(p<0.05) and whole family members(p<0.01). and the condition of eating habits appeared significant in accordance with age(p<0.05). Also, sleeping habits and physically weak conditions shows significant differences in accordance with age(p<0.001) and housing pattern(p<0.01), and others (i.e. auditory abnormality and skin desease) show significant differences in accordance with residence (p<0.001).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 1997

In order to investigate the effects of phosphorus and iron levels in the diets containing fish meal as only protein source on the growth, feed conversion, body composition and blood characteristics of juvenile Korean rockfish, either graded monobasic potassium phosphate (MPP) of 1% (MPP-1), 2% (MPP-2), 3% (MPP-3) and 4% (MPP-4), or Fe-citrate (FC) of 0.022% (FC-1), 0.044% (FC-2), 0.066% (FC-3) and 0.088% (FC-4) was added to fish meal-based diet (MMP-0 or FC-0), respectively. Duplicate groups of 40 fish weighing 7g were fed the diets for 21 weeks. Weight gain, feed efficiency and nutrient retention of fish fed diets with different MPP levels were not significantly different (P>0.05). Lipid content of whole body decreased with an increase in dietary MMP (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the Ht, Hb, total protein, or total glucose in serum among diets containing different MMP levels (P>0.05). Weight gain of fish fed the FC-0, FC-1 adn FC-3 diets was significantly higher than that of FC-4 diet (P>0.05), whereas feed efficiency, nutrient retention, hematological values (Ht, Hb, total protein, and total glucose), and whole body composition were not affected by dietary FC levels (P>0.05). The present results revealed that phosphate or iron supplementation to the diet containing 65% fish meal for juvenile Koran rockfish was not necessary.