• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.575-583
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• 2000

Pulse oximetry is a well established non-invasive optical technique for monitoring the $SpO_2$ during anaesthesia, recovery and intensive care. Pulse oximeters determine the oxygen saturation level of blood by measuring the light absorption of arterial blood. In the measurement of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation, conventional method has required the technique of filtering of remove the noise, and of complex signal processing algorithm. So much time have been required to signal processing. In this research, we separate AC signal and DC signal in the stage of signal detection. Therefore we simplify the calculation algorithm for $SpO_2$. The implemented system have the high performance such an accuracy and a processing time than the traditional method.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2007

This study was investigated to make sure the range of the Colla Corii Asini treatment. the nature of disease and the pathology of it in D ongeuyboga. The following conclusion were reached through invetigations on the prescriptions that use the Colla Corii Asini as a ingredient. 1. The Colla Corii Asini was used a internal disease more than a surgical disease in the dongeuybogam. 2. The Colla Corii Asini was used lung and large intestine disease in abundance and especially anhidrosis. cough and dysentery. 3. The Colla Corii Asini was applied much more disease about blood in the dongeuybogam, but some was used almost bleeding disease. one was used blood deficiency. 4. The processed Colla Corii Asini was used more than the Colla Corii Asini in the dongeuybogam, because of convenience of preparation and ease of intestinla drug absorption. 5. The Colla Corii Asini was used more useful dysentery than tranquilizeing mind in cooperation with Rhizoma Coptidis in the dongeuybogam. 6. Instead of the Colla Corii Asini, we can apply the Colla Comus Cervi or they are mutual reinforcement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2017

Objective: Adipose tissue plays a key role in the development of obesity and diabetes. We previously reported that lignosulfonic acid suppresses the rise in blood glucose levels through the inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity and intestinal glucose absorption. The purpose of this study is to examine further biological activities of lignosulfonic acid. Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of lignosulfonic acid on differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Results: While lignosulfonic acid inhibited proliferation (mitotic clonal expansion) after induction of differentiation, lignosulfonic acid significantly increased the size of accumulated lipid droplets in the cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that lignosulfonic acid increased the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), leading to increased glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) expression and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, feeding lignosulfonic acid to diabetic KK-Ay mice suppressed increase of blood glucose level. Conclusion: Lignosulfonic acid may be useful as a functional anti-diabetic component of food.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1991

These studies were carried out to find out some characteristic responses of biological samples under the exposure of trace metals. In animal experiment, six rats per week were killed for 6 weeks under Cd exposures and the concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn in their organs and blood were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The results were summarized as follows: In animal experiments, the concentrations of Cd in the liver and kidney of Cd exposure groups were increased, however, the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin in blood were decreased remarkably. The body weight of the Cd exposure groups showed lower trend than that of control group. The concentrations of Cd in heart, lung and testes were increased slowly during the first 2 weeks. The concentrations of Cd in their organs decreased while the rapid increase of the concentration of Cd in the liver and kidney was observed. While rapid increase of the concentra~ion of Cd in the liver and kidney was observed, the concentrations of Cd in the organs were decreased afterward and increased again while the low increase of the concentration of Cd in the liver and kidney was observed. The concentrations Cu and Zn were increased remarkably in all the organs for first 2 and 3 weeks. In the exposure groups of Cd+Cu and Cd+Zn, the liver and kidney didn't show lower concentration of Cd than that of Cd group.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1999

The oxygen saturation of blood can be measured by the difference absorption in optical spectra of Hb and Hb0$_2$, as the well known previous study. In this study we developed the non-invasive oxygen measurement device for diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease in lower extremity using infrared and red LED which produce a peak spectral emission at a wavelength of 660 nm, and 940 nm. To evaluate the clinical application of the oxygen measurement device, we performed lower extremity study to measure the oxygen changes in response to physiological changes within biological tissue. The results showed that oxygen saturation of blood in biological tissue can be monitored from the separation arrangement light source and detector.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.420-423
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• 1997

The oxygen saturation of blood can be measured by sensing the difference absorption in optical spectra of Hb and $HbO_2$, as the well known previous study. [1] In this study we developed the noninvasive tissue reflectance oximeter(TRO) using three kinds of LEDs which produce a peak spectral emission at a wavelength of 565, 660 and 940nm. And we tested the unction of the TR oximeter by comparing the output signals measured on normal tissue to measured on low oxygenated tissue. The results showed that oxygen saturation of blood and biological tissue can be monitored from the separation arrangement light source and detector.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1399-1403
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• 1992

The evaluation of the effectivess of ongoing cardiopulmonary resucitation efforts is dependent on the commonly used methods, such as the presence of femoral or carotid artery pulsations, arterial blood gas determinations, peripheral arterial pressure and intracardiac pressure monitoring. But recent studies suggest that end-tidal carbon dioxide tension serves as a non-invasive measurement of pulmonary blood flow and therefore cardiac output under constant ventilation. A prospective clinical study was done to determine whether end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass could be used as a prognostic indicator of bypass weaning. We monitored end-tidal PCO2 values continuously during cardiopulmonary bypass in 30 patients. "Ohmeda 5210 CO-2 monitor" under infrared absorption method were incorperated into the ventilator circuit by means of a side point adaptor between endotracheal tube and ventilator tubing. 18 patients[Group I ] were res-ucitated from partial bypass followed by aorta cross clamp off and 12 patients[Group II ] from aorta cross clamp off followed by partial bypass. But there was no difference between two groups[p>0.05]. The value of end-tidal carbon dioxide tension during ventricular fibrillation or nearly arrest state was 6.6$\pm$2.9 mmHg, and at the time of spontaneous beating was 19.3$\pm$5.6 mmHg[Mean$\pm$Standard deviation], In conclusion end-tidal carbon dioxide tension monitoring provides clinically useful, continous, noninvasive and supplementary prognostic indicator during cardiopulmonary bypass weaning procedures.rocedures.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 1989

In an attempt to investigate the current of clinical researches on spleen yang or vital energy deficiency syndrome, the results were as follows. 1. It is possible to occure spleen deficiency syndrome which come from genetic factor. 2. The absorption disturbance in spleen deficiency syndrome can be likely caused by gastrointestinal mucosa injury, disorder of vagus nerve funtion and impairment of excretion of exocrine gland in pancreas. 3. Owing to the failure of tansporting and converting funtion of spleen, minerals, hematogenic substance and nutritional substance are scanty and then imbalanced metabolism state which heat production is decreasing is appeared. 4. By the failure of vital energy and blood growth, decreasement of $O_2$ transportation ability of RBC, disoder of blood coagulation, immune system disturbance which humoral immunity is enhanced and cellular immunity is decreased, are noted. 5. While there is not still an attemt to study the spleen deficiency sydrome in muscle disease or disease of four extremities, but it is likely suggested that spleen-stomach supplyment thereapy is very excellent effect on muscle disease and disease of four extremities.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 1999

Trace amount of cadmium was quantitatively extracted with 1% Aliquat 336-MIBK from 0.2M KSCN and 0.01M-HCl. Test tubes with a screw cap stopper were used for extraction in place of conventional separating funnels and organic solvents used were less dense than water. In this analysis, 22 times concentration effect was achieved with higher selectivity without interference. The detection limit of cadmium was 0.7ppb, therefore trace cadmium was easily analyzed by this method. The proposed method was applied to the determination of cadmium in blood serum and extraction mechanism was elucidated.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1995

This study was performed to observe how soy protein and calcium in rats fed unsaturated fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 220g were fed four purified diets which contained 18% (w/w) corn oil, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two sources of protein : casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and two levels of dietary calcium : 0.1% or 1.0%, first for four weeks (Expt. 1) and second for eight weeks (Expt. 2). The contents of total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding, the serum lipid and cholesterol concentration was not significantly different among the groups. After eight weeks feeding, these concentrations were significantly lower in ISP-High calcium group. The serum lipid concentration was influenced by dietary protein sources and calcium levels. These results indicated that the hypolipidemic effects of soy protein and high calcium intake were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption and these effects were not detected at 4 weeks feeding but 8 weeks feeding.