• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.274-277
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• 1997

The complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) exhibit symptoms such as: abnormal skin color, temperature change, abnormal pseudomotor activity, edema. If CRPS is not treated appropriately at acute stage, then the affected extremity may become a useless, painful appendage. Treatment of CRPS by sympathetic blockade may be achieved by repeated intravenous regional guanethidine blocks, repeated anesthetic sympathetic blocks, surgical sympathectomy or oral sympatholytic therapy. We treated 29-year-old male patient with CRPS of left upper extremity by continuous cervical epidural blockade. Due to wound infection and dislocation of the epidural catheter, we inserted an implantable port system to inject the mixture of local anesthetics and small amount of morphine. After 10 months of treatment, patient was cured of symptoms and signs of CRPS and was able to resume a normal life.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1980

Berberine, when administered into a ear-vein of the rabbit anesthetized with urethane, produced a long-lasting, dose related fall in blood pressure, but intraventricular berberline did not elicit the hypotensive response. This hypotensive activity of berberine was not influenced by pretreatment of vagotomization and atropine. Depressor responses induced by berberine were not impaired by diphenhydramine, chlorisondamine, guanethidine and propranolol, but reduced significantly by phentolamine pretreatment. Berberine attenuated markedly prossor responses of norepinephrine and epinephrine. These results suggest that berberine causes the hypotensive activity that is attributable to alpha adrenoceptor blockade, but not to a direct relaxant effect upon vascular smooth muscle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.215-219
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• 2007

Small and large conductance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+(SK_{Ca}\;and\;BK_{Ca})$ channels are implicated in the modulation of neuronal excitability. We investigated how changes in peripheral $K_{Ca}$ channel activity affect mechanical sensitivity as well as the afferent fiber type responsible for $K_{Ca}$ channel-induced mechanical sensitivity. Blockade of $SK_{Ca}$ and $BK_{Ca}$ channels induced a sustained decrease of mechanical threshold which was significantly attenuated by topical application of capsaicin onto afferent fiber and intraplantar injection of 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone. NS1619 selectively attenuated the decrease of mechanical threshold induced by charybdotoxin, but not by apamin. Spontaneous flinching and paw thickness were not significantly different after $K_{Ca}$ channel blockade. These results suggest that mechanical sensitivity can be modulated by $K_{Ca}$ channels on capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.208-211
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• 1997

We have fabricated a single-electron-tunneling(SET) transistor with a dual gate geometry based on the SOI structure prepared by SIMOX wafers. The split-gate is the lower-gate is the lower-level gate and located ∼ 100${\AA}$ right above the inversion layer 2DEG active channel, which yields strong carrier confinement with fully controllable tunneling potential barrier. The transistor is operating at low temperatures and exhibits the single electron tunneling behavior through nano-size quantum dot. The Coulomb-Blockade oscillation is demonstrated at 15mK and its periodicity of 16.4mV in the upper-gate voltage corresponds to the formation of quantum dots with a capacity of 9.7aF. For non-linear transport regime, Coulomb-staircases are clearly observed up to four current steps in the range of 100mV drain-source bias. The I-V characteristics near the zero-bias displays typical Coulomb-gap due to one-electron charging effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.154-159
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• 2005

In this paper, We used the microphone unlike existing urodynamic inspection which diagnoses the LUTS(lower urinary tract symptoms) and proposed sound measurement the method which the urination happens and apply at a blockade diagnosis. To analyze the blockade degree, We made the experiment set to modeling the Lower Urinry System of the human body and made the microphone of the stethoscope form for the measurement of the urinary sound which the urination happens. We used PC for the analysis of the urinary sound to be measured and implemented the analysis program to use the MATLAB. Hereafter, An analysis result usage, The Practical use will be possible as one of new inspection methods's.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 1995

Intracellular recordings were obtained from Purkinje cells in rat cerebellar slices maintained in vitro. Adding tetrodotoxin to the superfusion solution produced a typical pattern of repetitive burst firing consisting of a cluster of action potentials followed by a long hyperpolarization. TTX-induced oscillatory activity was not due to modulation of membrane potential although underlying mechanisms for maintenance of oscillatory activity were influenced by membrane voltage. The mechanism of TTX-induced oscillation was not related to the presence or amplitude of $I_h$ and could still induce the oscillatory activity after blockade of $I_h$ by cesium. The result from an experiment in which QX-314 was injected intracellularly strongly suggested that TTX-induced oscillatory firing activity was due to blockade of post-synaptic $Na^{+}$ currents intrinsic to PCs.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1983

Characteristics of the lung inflation and deflation reflexes were measured at various temperatures on the cervical vagi in five anesthetized mongrel dogs. Nerve temperature was maintained at the body temperature, and 2-14˚C with 2˚C apart using a specially designed automated vagal cooling apparatus with an accuracy to within $\pm$ 0.1˚c at each temperature. The inflation reflex was blocked abruptly at 8-10˚C. The deflation reflex started weakened at 14˚C, thereafter showed a gradual blockade with the temperature decreased with a substantial variance among the animals.It was approximately 75% blocked at 2-5˚C. These differences in temperature characteristics made it hard to differentiate the deflation reflex from the inflation reflex. In one animal, however, the inflation reflex was completely blocked with the deflation reflex almost alive at 6-8˚C. This suggests that differential cold blockade of the vagal reflexes can be done only in selected subjects. Furthermore, the fact that these two reflexes were blocked at different temperatures may be due to the differences in the nerve fiber size and the changes in the conduction velocity with temperature.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.287-291
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• 2023

Sugammadex has shown faster reversal of steroidal neuromuscular blockade (NMB) than neostigmine, a traditional reversal agent for NMB, even in the intense block phase. This efficiency is possible because of the unique mechanism of action by encapsulating the NMB molecules. Therefore, with the use of sugammadex, we can also expect to avoid direct interactions with the cholinergic system and its subsequent side effects, which are disadvantages of traditional drugs. However, despite these benefits and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2015, rare adverse events associated with sugammadex have been reported. Herein, we report a case of bronchospasm that developed immediately after sugammadex administration.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2016

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a strong negative regulator of T lymphocytes in tumor-microenvironment. By engaging PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) on tumor cells, PD-1 on T cell surface inhibits anti-tumor reactivity of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Systemic blockade of PD-1 function using blocking antibodies has shown significant therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. However, approximately 10 to 15% of treated patients exhibited serious autoimmune responses due to the activation of self-reactive lymphocytes. To achieve selective activation of tumor-specific T cells, we generated T cells expressing a dominant-negative deletion mutant of PD-1 (PD-1 decoy) via retroviral transduction. PD-1 decoy increased IFN-γ secretion of antigen-specific T cells in response to tumor cells expressing the cognate antigen. Adoptive transfer of PD-1 decoy-expressing T cells into tumor-bearing mice potentiated T cell-mediated tumor regression. Thus, T cell-specific blockade of PD-1 could be a useful strategy for enhancing both efficacy and safety of anti-tumor T cell therapy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 1993

To study the underlying mechanism through which the endothelium-dependent relaxation is inhibited by blocking the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump, the effects of $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump blockade on the release of EDRF and its relaxing activity were examined, using organ bath study, bioassay technique, and cGMP measurement. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was attenuated by blocking the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump in the vascular ring with intact endothelium. In bioassay experiment EDRF release was decreased with the blockade of the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump in the EDRF donor strip. Endothelium-dependent increase of cGMP level was suppressed by inhibiting the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump in the test strips. The magnitude of relaxation of test strip which was induced by the perfusate that had passed through the EDRF donor strip was decreased with the blockade of the $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump in the test strip. Therefore, it could be suggested that the attenuation of endothelium-dependent relaxation caused by inhibiting $Na^+\;-K^+$ pump activity is due to both the decreased release of EDRF from endothelial cells and the decreased sensitivity of the smooth muscle cells to EDRF.