• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.442-449
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• 1998

Freeze-dried cortical bones of the goat were transplanted to the experimental fibular defect of 10 dogs for valuating the possibility of xenogeneic bone implantation and the specificity of BM(Bone Morphogenetic Protein). The . freeze-dried cortical bone eliminated antigens and defatted with chloroform and methanol were freeze-dried at $-80{\circ}C$ for preservation of BMP and then sterilized with 50 gas and storaged in room temperature. Ten freeze-dried cortical implants of the goat were transplanted in experimentally defected regions of bilateral fibula of 5 dogs in clinically normal. The transplanted region had been radiographed for observing state of bone union and BALPOone Alkaline Phosphatase) in the serum of the host was measured for valuating activity of oteoblast per 2 week-interval after transplant procedures. New bone formation had been observed early in one of ten regions around implants about the same time as autoimplant regions. It was incorporated with its host bone during 4-12 weeks after transplantation. In another 2 cases of 2 dogs, new bone formation and absorption of implant had been observed from 4 weeks but they were not incorporated completely until 20 weeks. The rest of the freeze-dried bone implants, 7 cases of 4 dogs had not been observed new bone formation nor absorption of implants. The freeze-drying method for implants means to not influence bone incorporation. Although less of union percentages the union form of this experiment were similar to alloimplantation and it may mean to block immunity reaction that disturbs the bone induction by BMP. It demonsknted that the possibility of the xenogenous bone implantation is recognized by reason of the low specificity of BMP between goat and dog.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.426-429
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• 1996

Complex regional pain syndrome Type II(CRPS) can be diagnosed by new IASP criteria in 1994. Sympathetically maintained pain may or may not be present in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome. We experienced a CRPS Type II patient who has sympathetically maintained pain as a major painful nature developed after right multiple iliac bone fracture, right femoral artery thrombosis and lumbosacral plexus injury. Combination treatment with L2, L3, L4 sympathetic ganglion block and continuous lower thoracic epidural block for 30 days were tried to get long term effect. The patient had signs of successful. sympathetic denervation of the right foot. After that pain relief was sustained until three month later.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.230-232
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• 2009

Total extrusion of the talus is a very rare injury. If the talus is found in a short time, it can be restored to its original position. If the talus is missing or found too late, however, surgeons may attempt tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis or use a pseudoarthrosis without repositioning the talus. As direct tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis may shorten the lower extremity, tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis using a sandwich block can be performed. We performed tibiocalcaneonavicular arthrodesis using a sandwich block to treat a patient with open talus extrusion caused by a motorcycle accident and obtained good clinical results.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.270-272
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• 1994

A 43 year old male patient injured in a traffic accident was admitted to the department of general surgery for the treatment of spleen rupture and multiple rib fractures. After subphrenic abscess occurred after splenectomy was treated. After 50 days of admission, left facial palsy occurred with sensory neural hearing loss, and tinnitus by longitudinal fracture of left temporal bone. The patients was consulted to pain clinic for further evaluation and treatment. The patient was treated with stellate ganglion block with 1% lidocaine 6ml one time daily. On 19th day, stellate ganglion block was given as usual, and the patient complained of pain in the neck and headache the next day. Two days later, mild fever elevation and hematoma in the neck were found. Hematoma was drained with hemovac. Ruptured muscular branch of vertebral artery was ligated surgically but the ligation was released in the next day and the hematoma was removed and the artery religated. Five units of packed RBC were transfused during the period and the patient was discharged without any sequelae.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.480-491
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• 2018

Calcium phosphates (CaP) were prepared by a wet chemical method. Micro-crystalline dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) was precipitated at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0 using $Ca(OH)_2$ and $H_3PO_4$. The precipitated DCPD solution was kept at $37^{\circ}C$ for 96 h. Artificial bone cement was composed of DCPD, $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ (MCPM), and $CaSO_4{\cdot}1/2H_2O$, $H_2O$ and aqueous poly-phosphoric acid solution. The wet prepared CaP powder was used as a matrix for the bone cement recipe. With the addition of aqueous poly-phosphoric acid, the cement hardening reaction was started and the CaP bone cement blocks were fabricated for the mechanical strength measurement. For the tested blocks, the mechanical strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the microstructure phase analysis was done by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The cement hardening reaction occurred through the decomposition and recrystallization of MCPM and $CaSO_4{\cdot}1/2H_2O$ added on the surface of the wet prepared CaP, and this resulted in grain growth in the bone cement block.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.156-160
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• 2013

Objectives: Interest in bone graft material has increased with regard to restoration in cases of bone defect around the implant. Autogenous tooth bone graft material was developed and commercialized in 2008. In this study, we evaluated the results of vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation with autogenous tooth bone graft material. Materials and Methods: This study targeted patients who had vertical or horizontal ridge augmentation using AutoBT from March 2009 to April 2010. We evaluated the age and gender of the subject patients, implant stability, adjunctive surgery, additional bone graft material and barrier membrane, post-operative complication, implant survival rate, and crestal bone loss. Results: We performed vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation using powder- or block-type autogenous tooth bone graft material, and implant placement was performed on nine patients (male: 7, female: 2). The average age of patients was $49.88{\pm}12.98$ years, and the post-operative follow-up period was $35{\pm}5.31$ months. Post-operative complications included wound dehiscence (one case), hematoma (one case), and implant osseointegration failure (one case; survival rate: 96%); however, there were no complications related to bone graft material, such as infection. Average marginal bone loss after one-year loading was $0.12{\pm}0.19$ mm. Therefore, excellent clinical results can be said to have been obtained. Conclusion: Excellent clinical results can be said to have been obtained with vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation using autogenous tooth bone graft material.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.34.1-34.8
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• 2018

Background: Radiation therapy is widely employed in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Adverse effects of therapeutic irradiation include delayed bone healing after dental extraction or impaired bone regeneration at the irradiated bony defect. Development of a reliable experimental model may be beneficial to study tissue regeneration in the irradiated field. The current study aimed to develop a relevant animal model of post-radiation cranial bone defect. Methods: A lead shielding block was designed for selective external irradiation of the mouse calvaria. Critical-size calvarial defect was created 2 weeks after the irradiation. The defect was filled with a collagen scaffold, with or without incorporation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) (1 ㎍/ml). The non-irradiated mice treated with or without BMP-2-included scaffold served as control. Four weeks after the surgery, the specimens were harvested and the degree of bone formation was evaluated by histological and radiographical examinations. Results: BMP-2-treated scaffold yielded significant bone regeneration in the mice calvarial defects. However, a single fraction of external irradiation was observed to eliminate the bone regeneration capacity of the BMP-2-incorporated scaffold without influencing the survival of the animals. Conclusion: The current study established an efficient model for post-radiation cranial bone regeneration and can be applied for evaluating the robust bone formation system using various chemokines or agents in unfavorable, demanding radiation-related bone defect models.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.590-594
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• 2006

Dental implant has become one of the important option for completely or partially edentulous patients, But it is challenging to reconstruct the severely atrophic ridge. Insufficient bone volume could restrict to place the wide and long implant and because of excessive interocclusal clearance, improper prosthetics could be produced. In this case bone augmentation for implant dentistry is necessary procedure to improve the insufficient bone volume. Therefore, bone augmentation or GBR is the most important procedure for successful implant placement and for ideal crown- root ratio. There are various bone augmentation techniques have been introduced recently; like block bone graft, distraction osteogenesis, inlay graft, onlay graft, etc.... In severe bucco-lingual resorption area, ridge splitting is the first choice of the treatment, because it provides a place for implantation and also has compaction effect. This technique may be indicated for sharp mandible and maxillary ridges in patients whose bone quantity is inadequate for primary stabilization. We report that the clinical experience of bone augmentation using ridge splitting technique in bucco-lingual bone resorption area.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 2001

Digital subtraction radiography may be one of the most precise and noninvasive methods for assessing subtle density changes in peri-implant bone, providing additional diagnostic information on implant tissue integration in overall maintenance. The aims of this study were to evaluate density changes after first, second surgery of dental implant and to measure the amount of marginal bone loss 9 months after second surgery using digital subtraction radiography. Bone change around 30 screw-shaped implants in 16 patients were assessed on radiographs. 17 Branemark implants of 3.75mm in diameter(Nobel Biocare, Goteborg, Sweden), 2 Branemark implants of 5.0mm in diameter, 11 $Replace^{TM}$ implants of 4.3mm in diameter(Nobel Biocare, Goteborg, Sweden) were used. To standardize the projection geometry of serial radiographs of implants, customized bite block was fabricated using XCP film holder(Rinn Corporation, Elgin, IL.) with polyether impression material of Impregum(ESPE, Germany) and direct digital image was obtained. Qualitative and quantitative changes on radiographs were measured with Emago software(The Oral Diagnostic System, Amsterdam, Netherlands). The results were as follows: 1. The peri-implant bone density of 69.2% implants did not change and the peri-implant bone density of 30.8% implants decreased after 3 months following first surgery. 2. The crestal bone density of 53.9% implants decreased first 3 months after second surgery. The crestal bone density of 58.8% implants increased 9 months after second surgery. No density change was observed around the midportion of the implants after second surgery, 3. The amount of marginal bone loss between different kinds of implants showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). 4. More than 90% of total marginal bone loss recorded in a 9-month period occurred during the first 3 months.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.559-568
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• 1998

direct bone apposition during bone remodelling. To address these problem, we developed a new ceramic, calcium metaphosphate(CMP), and report herein the biologic response to CMP in subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone. Porous CMP blocks were prepared by condensation of anhydrous $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$ to form non-crystalline $Ca(PO_3)_2$. Macroporous scaffolds were made using a polyurethane sponge method. CMP block possesses a macroporous structure with approximate pore size range of 0.3-1mm. CMP blocks were implanted in 8mm sized calvarial defect, subcutaneous tissue and muscle of 6 Newzealand White rabbits and histologic observation were performed at 4 and 6 weeks later. CMP blocks in subcutaneous tissue and muscle were well adapted without any adverse tissue reaction and resorbed slowly and spontaneously. Histologic observation of calvarial defect at 4 and 6 weeks revealed that CMP matrix were mingled with and directly apposed to new bone without any intervention of fibrous connective tissue. CMP blocks didn't show any adverse tissue reaction and resorbed spontaneously also in calvarial defect. This result revealed that CMP had a high affinity for bone and was very biocompatible. From this preliminary result, it was suggested that CMP was a promising ceramic as a bone substitute and tissue engineering scaffold for bone formation.