• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.506-513
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• 1998

This study was designed to compare the smoothness by glazing method with that by polishing method after 48 specimens of Ceramco II block, one of porcelain materials used for PFM, were baked according to the manufacturer's directions. The specimens were roughened with new green stone at 15,000rpm for 30 seconds and sandblasted with $25{\mu}$aluminum oxide for 15 seconds. They were divided into 4 groups at random, and 4 groups were prepared as follows : Group I : specimens were autoglazed and overpolished with polishing system. Group II : specimens were polished with only polishing system. Group III : specimens were glazed after adding glazing liquid, vitachrom 'L'-fluid (vita zahnfabrik co. Germany) to the rough surface Group V : specimens were just autoglazed Using the surface roughness tester, Ra, Rmax. and Rz were estimated 5 times per specimen, and recording process of mean value was repeated 3 times. The results were as follows : 1. The Ra of group I and group II was lower than group III and group IV (p<001). 2. There was lower value of Rz in group I and group II than group III and group IV (p<001). 3. The Rmax of group I (overpolished with polishing system after autoglazing) and group II (polished with only polishing system) was lower than group III (glazed after adding glazing liquid) and group IV (autoglazed) (p<001). 4. There was not a statistically significant difference between group I and II and between group III and IV (p>001). 5. The roughness was increase in order of group I, II, III, IV in SEM

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1419-1424
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• 2001

Previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated the importance of lactose in phase I and II pig starter diets. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a carbohydrate by-product (food by-products) as a replacement for lactose. In Exp. I, 120 weaned pigs ($14{\pm}2d$ and 5.65kg) were allotted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to 10 replications with four pigs per pen. This experiment evaluated three carbohydrate sources (lactose, carbohydrate by-product, and 50-50 blend of the carbohydrate by-product and lactose). The carbohydrate sources were added at 26% in the phase I diets and 15% in the phase II diets. Phase I diets contained 7.5% spray dried plasma protein (SDP). The phase I diets were fed from d 0 to 14 and the phase II diets from d 15 to 28. There were no significant differences between carbohydrate sources on pig performance in phase I. However, during phase II pigs fed the diet with lactose had an improved gain/feed ratio (G/F) (p=0.06) compared to pigs fed the carbohydrate by-product. For the entire 28 d trial ADG, ADFI and G/F were similar for the 50-50 blend and those fed lactose. Total replacement of lactose with the carbohydrate byproduct resulted in a reduced G/F (p=0.09). Exp. 2 used 100 weaned pigs ($17{\pm}2d$ and 4.75kg) with five replications with five pigs per pen. This experiment evaluated four carbohydrate treatments (lactose, carbohydrate by-products, 50-50 blend, and corn). All phase I diets contained 3.5% SDP with the carbohydrate sources included at 15%, and were fed d 0 to 14. The phase II diets contained 7.5% of the carbohydrate sources and were fed d 15 to 27. A common phase III diet was fed d 28 to 42. During all phases pigs fed com tended to have a lower ADG than pigs fed the other carbohydrate sources with the 50-50 blend resulting in the highest ADG. The results of both experiments suggest that this carbohydrate by-product can replace at least 50% of the lactose in phase I and phase II pig starter diets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.485-492
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the pain, range of motion (ROM), upper extremity task performance, and functional levels of patients after rotator cuff repair according to the timing of a closed chain exercise thereby presenting basic data for an effective rehabilitation program. METHODS: The intervention was applied three times per week, one hour per day, for four weeks to 40 participants, 78 of whom had undergone rotator cuff repair. The participants were divided into four groups and assigned to usual general physical therapy and an open chain exercise. Group I consisted of the open chain exercise only. The closed chain exercise was applied to group II after the 4 times, group III after the 7 times, group IV after the 10 times. Measurement were used ROM, visual analogue scale (VAS), box and block test (BBT), and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to test differences. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the internal/external rotation between group I and group II. The VAS significantly differed between group II and group I, group III, and group IV. The BBT results of group II and group I were significantly different compared to those of group IV. The SPADI significantly differed between group II and group I and between group II and group IV. CONCLUSION: The closed chain exercise was effective for patients following rotator cuff repair from the second week after active exercise was prescribed, verifying its applicability in rehabilitation programs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to fabricate the new zirconia block (CNU block) and to evaluate fit of core and porcelain veneered zirconia crown. Material and methods: The experimental blocks were fabricated from the commercial ytrria-stabilized zirconia powder (KZ-3YE Type A). The powder was uniaxial pressing and the green bodies were conducted using the Cold Isostatic Pressing. The zirconia blocks were presintered at $1040^{\circ}C$ and the final sintering was performed at $1450^{\circ}C$. The Kavo Everest ZS $blank{(R)}$ (KaVo, Biberach/ $Ri{\beta}$.) was used as a control group. The linear shrinkage of CNU block and Kavo block were compared. Twenty-one cores for porcelain veneered crowns were fabricated with CAD/CAM system ($Everest{(R)}$, Biberach/ $Ri{\beta}$.). Group I; seven cores fabricated from Kavo blocks, Group II; seven cores fabricated from CNU blocks, Group III; seven cores from CNU blocks and porcelain veneering for crowns. All specimens were cemented and sectioned into two planes; diagonal and bucco-lingual. The measurement of the marginal, internal, and occlusal fit was carried out using SEM ($S-4800^{(R)}$) at $30{\times}$. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results: The linear shrinkage of the CNU block and the KaVo block was 19.00% and 20.09%. The marginal gap of cores ($29.67{\pm}6.58{\mu}m$) fabricated from CNU blocks showed significantly smaller than that of the cores of Kavo blocks ($36.84{\pm}7.18{\mu}m$) (P < .05). The internal gaps of the porcelain veneered crowns ($32.23{\pm}6.33{\mu}m$) were larger than those of the other two groups ($37.57{\pm}6.81{\mu}m$ and $38.14{\pm}6.81{\mu}m$). Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found in between experimental groups and control group. The experimental groups in marginal gap showed significantly smaller than the control group.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.1792-1797
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• 2020

The shielding characteristics of two concrete blocks, widely used in the building industry in Mexico have been determined. These characteristics include the mass interaction coefficients, the linear attenuation coefficients and the half-value layers. The energy-dispersed X-ray fluorescence shows that the percentage mass content of each atom in the sample, and the atomic volume of the constituent elements of a material, plays an important role in its shielding capabilities. The total linear attenuation coefficients and the half-value layers were analyzed for a set of photon energies related to X-rays for diagnosis and cancer treatment with linear accelerators. Our results show that the concrete blocks have similar photon attenuation coefficients than the Portland concrete and better features than gypsum.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 1989

During 22-year period ending in June 1988, operation was performed on 22 patients with primary heart tumor at Yonsei University College of Medicine. Mean age was 38.8*3.03[mean \ulcornerEM] ranging from 14 to 63 years old. Twenty cases were myxomas. Others were fibromyxoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. All patients complained of dyspnea on exertion. Nine cases had palpitation. Other constitutional symptoms were weight loss [7 cases], headache [4 cases], generalized edema [3 cases] and cough [3 cases]. Five cases had neurological symptoms and signs preoperatively. Preoperative NYHA Class was poor [Class II; 8 cases, III; 9 cases and IV; 5 cases]. The most common site of tumor origin was fossa ovalis limbus [16 cases; 72.8%]. Because of severe mitral regurgitation and of recurrent myxoma, 2 cases were reoperated for mitral valve replacement. Postoperative complications were postoperative mitral regurgitation [5 cases; 22.8%] and arrhythmia [4 cases; 18.2%], one of which was supra-His bundle block. All patient survived operation. Follow-up of 15 patients [mean 28.95*8.3 months] was good as functional class 1[8 cases] or II [7 cases]. More effective adjuvant therapy will be necessary to improve long-term prognosis for malignant primary heart tumor.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.2471-2474
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• 2003

The modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and its inverse transform (IMDCT) are employed in subband/transform coding schemes as the analysis/synthesis filter bank based on time domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC). And they are the most computational intensive operations in layer III of the MPEG audio coding standard. In this paper, we propose a new efficient algorithm for the MDCT/IMDCT computation. It is based on the MDCT/IMDCT computation algorithm using the discrete cosine transforms (DCTs), and it employs two discrete cosine transform of type II(DCT-II) to compute the MDCT/IMDCT. In addition to, it takes advantage of ability in calculating the MDCT/IMDCT computation, where the length of a data block is divisible by 4. The proposed algorithm in this paper requires less calculation complexity than the existing methods. Also, it can be implemented by the parallel structure,, and its structure is particularly suitable for VLSI realization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

Seeding treatment was used for 2 years at an artificial bare ground for selecting tree species suitable for forest-floor revegetation. 2 ${\times}$2${\times}$2 factorial experiment was used with a randomized complete block design for 19 native tree species and results were summarized as follows; 1. Native species suitable for restoration of bareland under 75% shading in central part of Korea were Styrax japonica, Styrax obassia, Smilax china, Callicarpa japonica, Stephanandra incisa, Viburnum dilatatum for. pilosulm, Magnolia sieboldii, Cornus kousa, Celastrus orbiculata, etc.. Especially, Magnolia sieboldii, Stephanandra incisa and Stryrax obassia were tolerant for forest-floor with hardened woil surface and Callicarpa japonica, Viburnum dilatatum for. pilosulum, Euonymus sieboldianus and Philadelphus schrenkii were suitable for softened soil surface with straw-mat mulching. 2. It is necessary to break seed dormancy to accelerate germination in case of Styrax obassia, Styrax japonica, Viburnum dilatatum for. pilosulum, Smilax china and Stephanandra incisa.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.61-66
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop improved boom structures with reliable fatigue strength of weldment and lower production cost. For that purpose, multi-body dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate forces acting on arm & boom cylinders and joints of boom structure during operation of an excavator for three working postures, then stress analysis was made to investigate stress distribution around diaphragms at the bottom plate of boom structures which was known to be susceptible to fatigue failures of welded joints, and finally boom structures with optimum arrangement of diaphragms was proposed. This work mainly consists of the following two parts: part 1 focuses on multi-body dynamic analysis of excavators during operation and part 2 includes evaluations of fatigue strength of welded joints for modified boom structures.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.504-508
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• 2007

In the case of thin plate blocks, buckling deformation due to longitudinal shrinkage is the most important weld-induced deformation. This paper is concerned with developing the formula to predict the longitudinal shrinkage due to welding, in which mechanical tension effect in welding direction is accounted for. For this purpose, bead on plate welding test has been carried out for the 27 thin plate specimens with varying welding conditions and magnitude of tensile load. Empirical formula of predicting the longitudinal shrinkage has been derived based on the results of welding test, in which effect of mechanical tension is included. The derived formula can be usefully used in predicting the level of tensile load to reduce the longitudinal shrinkage.