• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.111-124
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study is to develop the blind control strategy and method which reduce negative effect of incoming daylight on visual comfort of occupants, minimize psychological anxieties caused by frequent motions of a blind, and maximize positive effect of incoming daylight by opening/closing of a blind. In previous researches on blind controls, major problem is that the time interval and amount of blind movement do not meet the control objective at the inflected zone of solar profile curve. To overcome these limitations revealed in theprevious researches, following tasks were performed in this study. i)To establish the control objective to accomplish the goal of this study. ii)To develop the control methods and algorithms which prevent glare on the work-plane at any time and which control the time interval and amount of blind movement to follow the control objective at various solar profile angle curves. This study proposed the control strategy and method that define the base control section implying the inflection point within the control objective zone and subsequently, divide the control sections for the residual time zones. The proposed strategy and method are found to increase the incoming daylight and solar irradiation by 0 to 15 %.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2013

The daylighting control system has to be applied to prevent the excessive incident daylight and reduce energy use. As the one of the most useful daylighting control systems, the blind system is simple and easy to install on the window for small office buildings. This study aims to evaluate the summer energy performance of small office buildings by venetian blinds and energy saving strategy of ministry of knowledge economy in korea. For the study, the simulations have been executed on blind installation conditions and lighting control methods. As results, the energy loads cut down 22 to 25(%) by using blind energy. Also, the efficient shows high on EMS system and low on $45^{\circ}$ slat angles. Also, using energy saving strategy can reduce about 13(%) energy load.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2006

이 논문은 high order statistics 에 기반을 둔 자력복구 알고리듬과 판정-LMS 를 조합하는 자력복구 적응 채널등화기를 제안한다. 저 신뢰도 신호에 대하여 적응을 멈추는 기존의 "Stop-and-Go" 알고리듬과는 달리 제안된 알고리듬은 저 신뢰도 신호에 대하여 자력복구 알고리듬 적응을 이용하기에 "Run-and-Go"라고 명명하였으며 판정-LMS의 최소 MSE 성능과 자력복구 알고리듬의 신호 획득능력의 시너지 효과를 가진다. 제안된 알고리듬은 신뢰도 구간을 신호의 질에 따라 자동설정 함으로 수렴 속도와 신호 획득 능력을 각각 개선한다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 2013

Blinds are a common type of shading device and are increasingly operated automatically to overcome the limitations of manual operation. Automated blinds need to be controlled to maximize benefits of daylight in the point of occupant comfort and energy consumption. However, the previous control methods could cause occupant's distractions by the undesirable control time interval and amount of blind movement. A few researches suggested the control concept for minimizing occupant's distractions by automatic blind control, but they did not provide optimal control algorithm to be useful in practice. In this paper, we propose an optimal control algorithm for automated blinds that can maximize not only visual comfort but also sunlight penetration into buildings based on occupants' preferences on blind movement and sunlight. The proposed control algorithm can prevent solar glare on workplane and minimize occupant's distractions to maximize occupants' visual comfort.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.8-18
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we propose a number of blind equalization approaches for time-varying andmulti-path channels. The approaches employ cost reference particle filter (CRPF) as the symbol estimator, and additionally employ either least mean squares algorithm, recursive least squares algorithm, or $H{\infty}$ filter (HF) as a channel estimator such that they are jointly employed for the strategy of "Rao-Blackwellization," or equally called "mixture filtering." The novel feature of the proposed approaches is that the blind equalization is performed based on direct channel estimation with unknown noise statistics of the received signals and channel state system while the channel is not directly estimated in the conventional method, and the noise information if known in similar Kalman mixture filtering approach. Simulation results show that the proposed approaches estimate the transmitted symbols and time-varying channel very effectively, and outperform the previously proposed approach which requires the noise information in its application.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.22-34
• /
• 2003

Objective : To ascertain whether the concept of the treatment side is associated with changes in the blind spot mapping that represents the brain function. Methods : Among the outpatients who visited to Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, National Medical Center from March 2002 to October 2002, we selected 40 clinical trial volunteers that showed right side physiological blind spot more enlarged than left, and underwent the examinations of Department of Opthalmology, National Medical Center for ruling out the pathological conditions. Physiological blind spot maps were used as an integer of brain activity before and after electroacupuncture application on the unilateral ST36 meridian point by dividing 40 subjects into two comparative groups for double-blind controlled study. Results: The significant changes in the blind spots were observed. Electroacupuncture application on the ipsilateral or contralateral ST36 of an enlargement cortical map were associated with the concept of determining the treatment side. In the case of electroacupuncture application on the ipsilateral side of an enlarged blind spot, there were decrease of $4.11{\pm}8.56cm$(17.3%) in blind spot perimetry length(p < 0.05). In the case of contralateral side, there were increase of $3.19{\pm}5.40cm$(13.7%) in blind spot perimetry length(p<0.05). The Differences were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusions: We found that eletroacupuncture application was associated with an increase or decrease in the brain function in the view of blind spot changes depending on the treatment side. These results suggest that the traditional acupuncture therapeutic strategy with determining the treatment side has clinical significance in the view of the brain function.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.631-641
• /
• 2011

과거 시행의 승패 결과에 의해 현재 시행의 승패 확률이 결정되는 과거 의존 파론도 게임을 고려한다. 여러 명의 게임자들이 과거 의존 파론도 게임을 구성하는 공정한 두 게임 중에서 한 게임을 임의로 선택하는 전략과 매 시행 때마다 현재의 상태를 이용하여 그 기대상금이 최대인 게임을 선택하는 전략을 비교한다. 현재의 상태를 고려하지 않고 임의적으로 게임을 선택하는 전략은 점차 기대상금이 양수가 되어 결국 이기는 게임이 되는 반면에 현재의 상태를 이용하여 최적의 게임을 선택하는 전략은 게임이 진행될수록 오히려 기대상금이 0으로 일정하게 되는 역설적인 현상이 나타남을 확인하고, 이러한 역설적인 현상이 발생하는 확률 모수의 범위를 찾는다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2011

Aims of this study is to investigate the daylighting control strategy of venetian blind system was performed as a function of ratio of shading height to window and slat angles in the preliminary stage of the parametric study. Floor-to-ceiling window walls of living spaces are used widely in apartment buildings since the Korean government has legally allowed elimination of the balcony area. Enlarging living area by balcony elimination, the larger glass area of window is exposed to the direct sunlight. As a common sunlight controlling device, blind system can be used in all orientations and all latitudes and it may obstruct, absorb, reflect and transmit solar radiation to building by proper adjusting. However, blind system can produce discomfort in occupant and less energy efficiency, if it has not been controlled optimally. The simulation model was based on the unit module of typical living space with balcony elimination. The room dimension was $6.0m(w){\times}6.9m(d){\times}2.7m(h)$ with floor to ceiling height of 2.5m. The blind system was simulated at five slat angles (horizontal, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ upward and downward tilted) and the four ratio of shading height to window (fully closed, partly opened, no-blind) using the Desktop RADIANCE 2.0 program. The series of simulation results indicates that the advantages of available daylight and outside of view can be improved by proper adjusting blind system.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.27-41
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study is to develop the blind control strategy and method which reduce negative effect of incoming daylight on visual comfort of occupants, minimize psychological anxieties caused by frequent motions of a blind, and maximize positive effect of incoming daylight and solar irradiation by opening/closing of a blind. As previous researches on blind controls have limited outdoor environmental conditions to those in specific regions, orientations and dates, these resulted in problems at various conditions for general-purpose application. Major problem is that the time interval and amount of blind movement do not meet the control objective at the end of control zone and discontinuous curve. To overcome these limitations revealed in the previous researches, following tasks were performed in this study. 1) To establish the control objective to accomplish the goal of this study. 2) To develop the control methods and algorithms which prevent glare on the work-plane at any time and which control the time interval and amount of blind movement to follow the control objective at various profile angle curves. 3) To validate the general-purpose applicability and performance of the developed control methods and algorithms by simulation and its data analysis at various conditions. It was found that the proposed methods and algorithms can prevent the direct glare on the work-plane at all the time and also increase the incoming daylight and solar irradiation.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum slat angle of the venetian blind which was applied at an outer skin of a curtain-wall system. The evaluation of the blind slat angle was performed in terms of the comfortable visual environment and decreased energy consumption. The office building prototype was considered for the analysis and simulation variables include application of blind, blind slat angle and dimming control of lighting. The annual energy consumption and incidence rate of discomfort glare were analyzed using EnergyPlus which is developed by the U. S. Department of Energy for the detailed building energy simulation. As a result, it turns out that when the blind (reflectance: 0.5) was installed, the annual energy consumption was greater than that of the base model. However, when the dimming control was applied, the maximum energy saving of 16.3% could be achieved at a slat angle of $0^{\circ}$. In addition, in case of the base model, the incidence rate of discomfort glare was 84%, while the case of the blind with the slat angle of $0^{\circ}$ showed that the incidence rate of discomfort glare was 42.4%. Consequently, the results showed that the slat angle of $55^{\circ}$ with dimming control was the optimum strategy for the comfortable visual environment and decreased energy consumption.