• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

This paper relates with the VSDA (Variable stepsize Square contour Decision directed Algorithm) adaptive equalization algorithm that is used for the minimization of the intersymbol interference due to the distortion which occurs in the time dispersive channel for the transmission of 16-QAM signal.. In the conventional SCA, it is possible to compensates the amplitude and phase in the received signal that are mixed with the intersymbol interference by the constellatin dependent constant by using the 2nd order statistics of the transmitted signal. But in the VSDA, it is possible to the increasing the equalization performance by adding the concept of distance adjusted approach for constellation matching and the cost function of decision directed. We compare the performance of VSDA and SCA algorithm by the computer simulation. For this, the equalizer output signal constellation, residual isi, maximum distortion and MSE were used in the performace index. As a result of computer simulation, the VSDA algorithm has better than the SCA in convergence speed, but it gives nearly same equalization performance in other index.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2015

Background: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical study was conducted to compare the effects of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (A100) and 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (A200) on the vital signs and onset and duration of anesthesia in an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Methods: In the first appointment, an IANB was performed by injecting A100 or A200 in 1 side of the mouth (right or left) randomly in patients referred for extraction of both their first mandibular molars. In the second appointment, the protocol was repeated and the other anesthetic solution was injected in the side that had not received the block in the previous session. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) and pulse rate were measured during and 5 min after the injection. The onset and duration of anesthesia were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test, and p-value was set at 0.05. Results: SBP and pulse rate changes were slightly more with A100; however, DBP changes were more with A200, although the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the parameters evaluated in this study. The onset and duration of anesthesia, and the changes in SBP, DBP, and pulse rate during and 5 min after the injection were the same in both the groups. Conclusions: For an IANB, A200 and A100 were equally efficient and successful in producing the block. Epinephrine concentration did not influence the effects of 4% articaine.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2007

The goal of this paper is to improve the watermarking performance using the following two methods; watermark estimation and low density parity check (LDPC) codes. For a blind watermark decoding, the power of a host image, which is hundreds times greater than the watermark power, is the main noise source. Therefore, a technique that can reduce the effect of the power of the host image to the detector is required. To this end, we need to estimate watermark from the watermarked image. In this paper, the watermark estimation is done by an adaptive estimation method with the generalized Gaussian distribution modeling of sub-band coefficients in the wavelet domain. Since the watermark capacity as well as the error rate can be improved by adopting optimum decoding principles and error correcting codes (ECC), we employ the LDPC codes for the decoding of the estimated watermark. Also, in LDPC codes, the knowledge about the noise power can improve the error correction capability. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm comparing to LDPC decoding with other estimation-based watermarking algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2009

In this paper, the UWB(Ultra-Wide Band) modules such as a pulse generator and the LNA(Low-Noise Amplifier) with AGC(Auto Gain Control) are designed to construct a cross-borehole pulse radar system, of which performance is compared with the existing system. The budget and specification of the radar system are determined by calculating the total path loss of the underground medium including an empty cavity. The pulse generator is fabricated to have the repeatation frequency 40 kHz, the pulse width lower than 5 ns and the peak signal level +73 dBm. The UWB LNA is designed to have the noise figure 3.77 dB, the variable gain range 100 dB and the frequency range of 20 MHz to 200 MHz. Compared with the existing system in an actual test site, the implemented system renders it possible to detect the blind area due to the UWB LNA with low noise figure.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.701-722
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• 1997

It was reported that low dose doxycycline(LDD) regimen could inhibit pathologically elevated collagenase activity in the gingival crevicular fluid of petients with adult periodontitis without producing typical antibiotic side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of LDD regimen(20mg) administered during non-surgical therapy on clinical index and gingival crevicular fluid enzyme activity in diabetics who are at high risk for periodontal disease. Forty-nine subjects having at least two sites with probing pocket depths greater than 4mm were selected. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were administered 20 mg doxycycline capsule or placebo capsule b.i.d. for 2 weeks. Clinical parameters of dental plaque, gingival inflammation, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level were assessed at week 0, 2, 4, and 8. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at the same time to evaluate the activities of collagenase and elastase. Clinical parameters and elastase activity were significantly reduced in all groups compared to the baseline value after treatment. Significantly greater reduction in pocket depth and gain in attachment level was shown in the LDD-administered group compared to placebo group in both adult periodontitis and diabetic patients. Total collagenase activity was also reduced significantly in all groups after treatment, but the greater reduction was seen in the LDD-administered diabetics group compared to relevant placebo group(at 4, 8week). Significantly greater reduction in active collagenase activity was also seen in the LDD-administered group compared to placebo group in diabetic patients(at 2, 4, 8week). These results indicated that use of low dose doxycycline could be aueseful adjunct to instrumentation therapy in the management of diabetic patient with periodontitis as well as adult periodontitis patient.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to radiographically and clinically compare the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) membranes on dimensional alterations following a ridge preservation procedure. Methods: One of 2 different ECM membranes was applied during a ridge preservation procedure. A widely used ECM membrane (WEM; Bio-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was applied in the treatment group and a newly developed ECM membrane (NEM; Lyso-Gide, Oscotec Inc., Seongnam, Korea) was applied in the control group. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and alginate impressions were obtained 1 week and 6 months after the ridge preservation procedure. Results were analyzed using the independent t-test and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There were no significant differences between the ECM membranes in the changes in the dimension, width, and height of the extraction socket or the quantity of bone tissue. Conclusions: The NEM showed comparable clinical and radiographic results to the WEM following the ridge preservation procedure.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.134-142
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and tranexamic acid (TXA) mouth rinse on patients with gingivitis. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, clinical trial included 45 healthy adults with gingivitis, who were randomized into 2 groups. The experimental group used a 0.05% CPC and 0.05% TXA mouth rinse, and the control group used a placebo mouth rinse. The following clinical indices were assessed at baseline, at 3 weeks, and at 6 weeks: the Turesky-Quigley-Hein plaque index (QHI), the $L{\ddot{o}}e-Silness$ gingival index (GI), and bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP). The subjects used the mouth rinse during the experimental period for 20 seconds, 4-5 times daily (10 mL each time). Results: There were no significant differences in the clinical indices between the groups at baseline. In the experimental group (CPC+TXA), a statistically significant improvement was evident in the QHI, GI, and BOMP at 3 and 6 weeks. These results were similar to those observed in the control group at 3 and 6 weeks, although the change in BOMP was not statistically significant in that group. At 6 weeks, the experimental group had a significantly lower mean score for the QHI than the control group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a CPC and TXA mouth rinse exhibited significant antiplaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy, and had a positive effect on bleeding control when used daily for 6 weeks.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.430-440
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• 2001

Orally administered chloral hydrate is often used, because of it's wide margin of safety and relatively few sideeffects. Hydroxyzine is an antihistamine with sedative and anti-emetic properties. It has been used in conjunction with chloral hydrate to reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting. But, it's therapeutic drug concentration has not been established. The purpose of this study was to assess the sedative effect and physiologic parameter of hydroxyzine of different doses in sedating young pediatric dental patients. Fifty uncooperative children, mean age 33.2 months, who needed at least four separate restorative visits, requiring local anesthesia participated in this study. On every visit, one of the following 4 different sedative regimen was given (1) 70mg/kg CH (2) 70mg/kg CH and 1mg/kg HD (3) 70mg/kg CH and 2mg/kg HD (4) 70mg/kg CH and 3mg/kg HD. Physiologic parameter was recorded and behavior was videotaped and rated using Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale by one investigator, blind to the dose. The analyzed sedative effect of combined oral administration of 70mg/kg chloral hydrate and 2mg/kg hydroxyzine was superior to the other regimens. Evidence of adverse effect was not detected or reported during and/or after the procedures.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.141-162
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to suggest some measures to improve policy issues by analyzing policy related to a child care service program in the community. Gilbert and Terrell's social policy analysis framework is used to analyze an after-school care service program for elementary school children. Furthermore, the Elementary Care Class(including the After-school Program), Youth After-school Academy, and Community Child Center, referred to as public care services, are employed to analyze community care service programs for children. The Elementary Care Class, Youth After-school Academy and Community Child Center are very similar in terms of the contents and application of the care service program for children, and mainly serve children in low-income groups. In addition, although user overlapping is an inevitable problem because the operating time of the Elementary Care Class and After-school Program coincides with that of the Youth After-school Academy and Community Child Center, it is structurally very hard to adjust the content of service, operating time, and so on because of differences in the delivery system for each program. Therefore, it is necessary to generate a unified delivery system to manage after-school care service programs for children and create a new special control tower to solve these problems. Furthermore, it is needed to extend the services to children from general double-income family, which is a blind spot of the care service.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.4971-4975
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• 2015

Background: Several methods have been presented for the evaluation of the endometrium in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, which include minimal invasive and invasive approaches such as diagnostic curettage or endometrial biopsy by Pipelle. Many studies have been performed in order to compare two methods; diagnostic curettage and outpatient endometrial biopsy. This investigation compared sampling adequacy, endometrial histopathology, failure rates, duration and costs between diagnostic curettage in a hospital and endometrial biopsy. Materials and Methods: This single blind clinical trial was performed on 130 patients older than 35 years who was referred to Amir training hospital in 2013 for elective diagnostic curettage because of abnormal uterine bleeding. For all patients eligible for the study, an endometrial sample by Pipelle was taken without anesthesia or dilatation. Then under general anesthesia diagnostic curettage was performed by sharp curette. Sampling duration was calculated and both samples were sent to the same pathologist. The diagnostic values of two methods in the diagnosis of normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma were compared. The costs of these two methods were also compared. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (version 16.0) software. Chi-Square, Fisher, and Pearson tests were used and were considered statistically significant at P values less than 0.05. Results: Two methods were agreed upon 88% of sampling adequacy and 94% of pathological results. Specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 90% for detection of proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium, simple hyperplasia without atypia and 100% for cancer were recorded. Pipelle diagnostic accuracy in comparison with curettage, have been reported over 97%, so the failure rate in this study was below 5%. Sensitivity of Pipelle for detection of atrophic endometrium was reported below 50%. Duration and cost was lower in Pipelle versus curettage. Conclusions: It is concluded that due to high agreement and cohesion coefficient between curettage and Pipelle on the issue of sampling adequacy, histopathology finding (except atrophic endometrium), low failure rate, duration of sampling and cost, Pipelle can be introduced as a suitable alternative of diagnostic curettage.