• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.144-154
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• 2016

This review will be concentrated on the spray characteristics of biobutanol and its blends fuels in internal combustion engines including compression ignition, spark ignition and gas turbine engines. Butanol can be produced by fermentation from sucrose-containing feedstocks, starchy materials and lignocellulosic biomass. Among four isomers of butanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol has been used in CI and SI engines. This is due to higher octane rating and lower water solubility of both butanol compared with other isomers. The researches on the spray characteristics of neat butanol can be classified into the application to CI and SI engines, particularly GDI engine. Two empirical correlations for the prediction of spray angle for butanol as a function of Reynolds number was newly suggested. However, the applicability for the suggested empirical correlation is not yet proved. The butanol blended fuels used for the investigation of spray characteristics includes butanol-biodiesel blend, butanol-gasoline blend, butano-jet A blend and butanol-other fuel blends. Three blends such as butanol/ethanol, butanol/heptane and butanol/heavy fuel oil blends are included in butanol-other fuel blends. Even though combustion and emission characteristics of butanol/diesel fuel blend in CI engines were broadly investigated, study on spray characteristics of butanol/diesel fuel blend could not be found in the literature. In addition, the more study on the spray characteristics of butanol /gasoline blend is required.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2005

This paper investigates the effect of oxygen composition in mixed fuel on the exhaust emissions for the direct injection diesel engine. These effects were tested to estimate the change in engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics when commercial diesel fuel and oxygenates blended fuels at a certain fuel and mixed ratio are used. Individual hydrocarbons $(C_1-C_6)$ in exhaust gases, as well as the total amount of hydrocarbons, were analyzed by using gas chromatography to find the mechanism by which smoke emission was remarkably reduced for various oxygenated fuels. The chromatograms between a diesel fuel and a diesel fuel blended DGM (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) and EGBE (ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether) were compared. The results showed that the number of individual hydrocarbons as well as the total number of hydrocarbons of oxygenated fuel reduced more remarkably than those of diesel fuel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2017

In this study, contributes to improving the state of this problem using cavitation by ultrasonic energy to reduce fuel costs, which take up a considerable part of ship operation costs, by making the use of on-board blended fuel oil more stable. An experiment simulating on-board blending methods was completed. Fuel (M.G.O & MF-180) was mixed at a volume ratio of 0.25:0.75 and, 0.75:0.25, and the effect of ultrasonic energy on blended fuel oil was examined after applying ultrasonic energy to blended fuel oil using an ultrasonic treatment unit. With the results, we confirmed the blending problem reported by vessels and residual carbon was reduced by up to 28.4%. In addition, based on the results for reduction of residual carbon content and dispersion stability, it was confirmed that the collapse pressure of the cavity due to the ultrasonic energy was effective to atomization of fuel particle and the temporary availability of mixed fuel containing a heavy fuel increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.33-42
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• 2002

Recently, our world is faced with very serious and hard problems related to the air pollution due to the exhaust emissions of the diesel engine. In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated fur direct injection diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has three kinds of mixed ratio. And, it was tried to analyze not only total hydrocarbon but individual hydrocarbon components from Cl to C6 in exhaust gas using gas chromatography to seek the reason far remarkable reduction of smoke emission. This study was carried out by comparing the chromatogram with diesel fuel and diesel feel blended DGM(diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) 5%. The results of this study show that individual hydrocarbon(C1∼C6) as well as total hydrocarbon of oxygenated fuel is reduced remarkably than that of diesel fuel.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.724-732
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• 2002

Although the demands for diesel engine is increased, our world is faced with very serious problems related to the air pollution due to the exhaust emissions of the diesel engine. In this study, the potential possibility of oxygenated fuel such as Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) was investigated for the sake of exhausted smoke reduction from diesel engine. MTBE has been used as a fuel additive blended into unleaded gasoline to improve octane number, but the study of application for diesel engine was incomplete. Because MTBE includes oxygen content approximately 18%, it is a kind of oxygenated fuel that the smoke emission of MTBE is reduced remarkably compared with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it can supply oxygen component sufficiently at high load and speed in diesel engine. But, the NOx emission of MTBE blended fuel is increased compared with commercial diesel fuel. And. it was tried to analyze not only total hydrocarbon but individual hydrocarbon components from $C_1$to $C_{6}$ in exhaust gas using gas chromatography to seek the reason for remarkable reduction of smoke emission. The results of this study show three conclusions. 1. The smoke omission of the MTBE blended fuel is lower than that of the diesel fuel at all experimental region in direct injection diesel engine. 2. Individual hydrocarbons(C$_1$~ $C_{6}$) as well as total hydrocarbon of oxygenated fuel are reduced remarkably compared with diesel fuel. 3. Smoke emission from diesel engines was strongly depended on oxygen content in fuel regardless of operating condition.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.14-18
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• 2005

In this study, the spray characteristics of blended fuels with biodiesel were investigated. The experiments were performed for the effect of mixing ratio and injection pressures on the spray behavior. Conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel and blended fuels were used as test fuels. Through the spray visualization system, composed of a Halogen lamp and High speed camera. The process of spray injection was visualized. Fuel containing biodiesel has different spray pattern on account of the high viscosity and large surface tension. Through this experimental result, we found that, after solenoid driving pulse generates, the increase of injection pressure enables delay time to get shorter, but the increase of mixing ratio makes delay time lengthen.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.391-401
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• 2009

This paper presents a study of the strength and chloride penetration of blended Portland cement mortar containing ground palm oil fuel ash (POA) and ground river sand (GS). Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with POA and GS. Compressive strength, rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) and chloride penetration depth of mortars were determined. The GS only asserted the packing effect and its incorporation reduced the strength and the resistance to chloride penetration of mortar. The POA asserted both packing and pozzolanic effects. The use of the blend of equal portion of POA and GS also produced high strength mortars, save cost and excellent resistance to chloride penetration owing to the synergic effect of the blend of POA and GS. For chloride depth, the mathematical model correlates well with the experimental results. The computer graphics of chloride depth of the ternary blended mortars are also constructed and can be used to aid the understanding and the proportioning of the blended system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.92-102
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• 2001

The effect of ethanol-blending on the performances of the MPI gasoline engine was examined. The experiments were carried out for the stoichiometric conditions under MBT spark timing over various operating conditions. The blending rate of ethanol were determined as 10 to 30 percent according to the analysis of the properties of blended fuels. The engine with ethanol-blended fuels showed improved performances such as brake torque, brake power, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions compared with those of pure gasoline over most operating conditions. Though the brake specific fuel consumption was increased by ethanol-blending due to their lower heating values, the increasing rates of the brake specific fuel consumption were limited to the half of the blending rates owing to the increase in the thermal efficiency.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

Various type of alternative fuel have been developed due to exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves and high oil price. Biodiesel is produced from the reaction of triglyceride, which is main component of animal fat and vegetable oil, and methanol by methanolysis as it is known for eco- friendly fuel for alternative petrodiesel. In this work, it was analyzed for the characteristics of the blended biodiesel with domestic petrodiesel according to blending ratio. Density, kinematic viscosity and flash point were increased with increasing the content of biodiesel. But the characteristic of blended biodiesel fuel were changed to aggravate in low temperature. Also, the derived cetane number(DCN) from IQT was increased by added biodiesel. Especially, the DCN of biodiesel from palm oil showed 71.26.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.941-953
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• 2019

Biodiesels are being explored as a clean energy alternative to regular diesel, which causes pollution. In this study, the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel (BD) by combining beef tallow, an animal waste resource with a high saturated fatty acid content, and corn oil, a vegetable oil with a high unsaturated fatty acid content, were investigated, and the fuel properties were analyzed. Furthermore, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to verify the optimum conditions for producing biodiesel. The influences of control factors, such as the oil blend ratio and methanol to oil molar ratio, on the fatty acid methyl ester and biodiesel production yield were investigated. As a result, the optimum condition for producing blended biodiesel was verified to be tallow to corn oil blend ratio of 7 : 3 (TACO7) and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 14 : 1. Moreover, the interaction between the oil blend ratio and the methanol to oil molar ratio has the most crucial effects on the production of oil blended biodiesel. In conclusion, the analysis results of the fuel properties of TACO7 BD satisfied the BD quality standard, and thus, the viability of BD blended with waste tallow as fuel was verified.