• Title/Summary/Keyword: Blast test

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A fundamental study on the automation of tunnel blasting design using a machine learning model (머신러닝을 이용한 터널발파설계 자동화를 위한 기초연구)

  • Kim, Yangkyun;Lee, Je-Kyum;Lee, Sean Seungwon
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.431-449
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    • 2022
  • As many tunnels generally have been constructed, various experiences and techniques have been accumulated for tunnel design as well as tunnel construction. Hence, there are not a few cases that, for some usual tunnel design works, it is sufficient to perform the design by only modifying or supplementing previous similar design cases unless a tunnel has a unique structure or in geological conditions. In particular, for a tunnel blast design, it is reasonable to refer to previous similar design cases because the blast design in the stage of design is a preliminary design, considering that it is general to perform additional blast design through test blasts prior to the start of tunnel excavation. Meanwhile, entering the industry 4.0 era, artificial intelligence (AI) of which availability is surging across whole industry sector is broadly utilized to tunnel and blasting. For a drill and blast tunnel, AI is mainly applied for the estimation of blast vibration and rock mass classification, etc. however, there are few cases where it is applied to blast pattern design. Thus, this study attempts to automate tunnel blast design by means of machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence. For this, the data related to a blast design was collected from 25 tunnel design reports for learning as well as 2 additional reports for the test, and from which 4 design parameters, i.e., rock mass class, road type and cross sectional area of upper section as well as bench section as input data as well as16 design elements, i.e., blast cut type, specific charge, the number of drill holes, and spacing and burden for each blast hole group, etc. as output. Based on this design data, three machine learning models, i.e., XGBoost, ANN, SVM, were tested and XGBoost was chosen as the best model and the results show a generally similar trend to an actual design when assumed design parameters were input. It is not enough yet to perform the whole blast design using the results from this study, however, it is planned that additional studies will be carried out to make it possible to put it to practical use after collecting more sufficient blast design data and supplementing detailed machine learning processes.

The Evaluation of Chloride ion Diffusion in Concrete Containing Mineral Admixtures by Electrically Accelerated Test (전기촉진시험에 의한 광물질 혼화재를 혼입한 콘크리트의 염소이온 확산성능 평가에 관한 연구)

  • 김영진;이상수;김동석;유재강;김민중
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2002.10a
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    • pp.299-304
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    • 2002
  • This research was to investigate the invasion and diffusion properties of chloride ion on the concrete containing mineral admixtures by the electrically accelerated test. Mineral admixtures selected in mixes were fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume, and meta-kaolin with 3 degrees of replacement ratios. Tang and Nilsson's test method was used to estimate chloride diffusion coefficients of that mixes. As a result, the total current passing charge and the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion were reduced with the use of mineral admixtures and the increase of replacement ratios. In addition, compressive strength was related with diffusion coefficient of chloride ion. Diffusion coefficients of concrete mixed with ground granulated blast-furnace slag showed relatively low value under the range of compressive strength of 400㎏f/㎠.

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An Experimental Study on the Effect of Mineral Admixtures for the Durability of Shotcrete (혼화재 종류가 숏크리트 내구성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Paik, Shin-Won;Chung, Dok-Chu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.98-103
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    • 2004
  • Shotcrete needs the enough durability without deterioration for life time. But shotcrete is being deteriorated according to aging like concrete by internal causes whithin itself and by external causes which can be physical, chemical, or mechanical. Durable shotcrete can be made by incresing the cement content, adding chemical and mineral admixtures and so on. So, in this study, chloride ion penetration test, freeze and thaw test, neutralization test were conducted to examine the durability characteristice of shotcrete with mineral admixtures such as silica fume, blast-furnace slag and fly ash. These results indicate that shotcrete with silica fume is durable. Therefore, the present study provides a firm base to make high performance shtcrete.

Selection of Representative Magnaporthe oryzae Isolates and Rice Resistant Gene Types for Screening of Blast-resistant Rice Cultivars (우리나라 벼 도열병균의 대표 균주 및 벼의 저항성 유전자형 선발)

  • Goh, Jaeduk;Kim, Byung-Ryun;Lee, Se-Won;Roh, Jae-Hwan;Shin, Dong-Bum;Jeung, Ji-Ung;Cho, Young-Chan;Han, Seong-Sook
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.243-253
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    • 2013
  • Rice blast is one of the most serious disease threatening stable production of rice. Breeding of resistant cultivars has been used as the most effective and useful method to controll rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. To collect rice blast isolates in fields and test their pathogenicity on new cultivars are important for establishment of new resistant cultivars breeding program of rice. Pathotypes of Korean rice blast isolates have been categorized to Korean differential race system developed in 1985. However, it is little known about genetic background of Korean differential cultivars, so that it is hard to understand for relationship between each pathogen and each host plant at genetic level. In this study, we suggested necessity of a new differential system by analyzing pathogenic responses between 24 monogenic rice lines and 200 Korean rice blast isolates. In addition, we determined the nine representative resistant genes based on the resistance responses of the monogenic lines to rice blast isolates, indexed resistant responses of the monogenic lines to ten representative rice blast isolates and selected 30 Korean representative rice blast isolates proper to Korean system. We think the newly developed differential race system can be broadly used to select resistant cultivars to rice blast in Korea.

Application of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag to the Lean Concrete Base of Concrete Pavement (콘크리트포장 린콘크리트 기층에 고로슬래그 미분말 적용에 관한 연구)

  • 류명찬;엄주용;김대영;손진군
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1999.10a
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    • pp.187-190
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    • 1999
  • An experimental study is carried out to estimate the way of applying the granulated blast furnace slag[GBFS] to the lean concrete base of concrete pavement. According to the test results, this application seems promising. For this application, mixing percent of GBFS ranging from 30 to 50 is recommendable at this stage. And performance of base mixed with GBFS is greatly affected by the curing and placing condition. As long as all requirements for application of GBFS to the base is satisfied, better performance is expected.

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A Study on the Compensation of Early Age Strength in Mortar and Concrete using Blast Furnace Slag Powder (슬래그 미분말을 사용한 모르타르 및 콘크리트의 초기강도 보상에 관한 연구)

  • 김성수;연영훈;이성수
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.559-562
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    • 2000
  • This study is about the compensation of early age strength on mortar and concrete admixed with blast-furnace slag powder. For study, we have used fine powder of gypsum and kiln dust from cement factory. According to the test results, we have obtained proper mixing ratio of slag powder, gypsum and kiln dust for the compensation of early age strength on mortar and concrete property.

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Experimental Application of the Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag to the Lean Concrete Subbase Course (고로슬래그 미분말을 활용한 콘크리트포장 린콘크리트 보조기층 시험 적용)

  • 류명찬;유태석;엄주용;김대영;손진군
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2000.10b
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    • pp.1091-1094
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    • 2000
  • An experimental study is carried out to estimate the way of applying the granulated blast furnace slag[GBFS] to the lean concrete subbase of concrete pavement. According to the test results, this application seems promising. For this application, mixing percent of GBFS ranging from 30 to 45 is recommendable at this stage. Expected benefits using GGBFS in the field of concrete pavement include reduced shrinkage crack, reduced pavement thickness, and extended service life.

Relationship between Rock Quality Designation and Blasting Vibration Constant "K" & Decay Constant "n" by Bottom Blasting Pattern (바닥발파에서 암질지수(RQD)와 발파진동상수 K, n의 관계)

  • 천병식;오민열
    • Geotechnical Engineering
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.55-68
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    • 1995
  • This paper is the analysis of the relationship between RQD and decay constant, blasting vi bration constant of cube root scaling and square root scaling, through experimental blast ins test in subway construction for excavation of shaft hole by bottom blasting. The magnitude of particle velocity is largely effected by the distance from blasting source, the maximum charge per delay and the properties of ground. In order to verify the effects of ground properties on blast-induced vibration, the relation-ship between magnitude of blasting vibration and Rock Quality Disignation which stands for joint property was studied. The results of test are verified that blasting vibration constant "K" and the absolute value("n") of decay constant relatively increse as RQD increased. According to the result, it can be predict the particle velocity by the blast -induced vibration in bottom blasting pattern.om blasting pattern.

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Material Properties of Concrete Specimens with Electric Arc Furnace Dust as Admixture (전기로제강분진(EAF Dust)을 혼화재로 배합한 콘크리트 공시체의 재료특성)

  • 김장호;김석호;김성훈;김동완
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.669-674
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    • 2001
  • Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAF Dust) Is residual dust produced during the manufacturing of metal products from heavily heated electric arc furnace. Many researches have focused on recycling and reusing EAF Dust for industrial and construction purposes. However, most of these researches were aimed at obtaining useful heavy metal powders by treating toxic metallic materials in EAF Dust. Also, few researches dealt with using EAF Dust as admixture in concrete mixture (i.e., slag dust). In this study, EAF Dust is used as admixture in concrete mixture content considering economical feasibility and construction applicability. The concrete specimens mixed with EAF Dust is then tested in compression and tension to study its strength and ductility as well as its failure mechanism. The compression and tension (by split cylinder test) test results are compared to the results from the specimens without EAF Dust to understand the chemical stability and mechanical characteristic of concrete specimens with EAF Dust. For the experiment, 6 types of admixture added concrete were studied: ⑴Combination of EAF Dust and blast-furnace slag in 1 to 1 ratio, ⑵Combination of EAF Dust and blast-furnace slag in 1 to 2 ratio, ⑶EAF Dust only, ⑷blast-furnace slag only, ⑸fly ash only, and ⑹no admixture. The experimental results show that the strength of EAF Dust added specimen has lower early age strength but higher 28 day strength when compared to other specimens. Also, the Elastic Modulus of EAF Dust is higher(28 days) than other specimens. The study results prove that EAF Dust can be used as an effective admixture in concrete for specific usages.

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