• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 2019

The present study is designed to investigate the effect of perceptive, emotional and semantic distinctiveness on retrieval-induced forgetting(RIF). Experiment 1 was designed to construct a category and category list for RIF experimental paradigm and to investigate the effects of perceptual distinctness on retrieval-induced forgetting. It was used for the list consisting of the six categories and six words in each category list. In controlled conditions, all the stimuli were presented in black and Gothic. In contrast, perceptual distinctiveness conditions, half of the category list were presented in red and Gungseoche. RIF was observed in all conditions. Experiment 2 was designed to investigate the effects of semantic and emotional distinctiveness on retrieval-induced forgetting. In neutral conditions, adjectives related to items were added. In the emotional distinctiveness condition, half of the items in the category were manipulated in such a way as to add the negative adjectives. In the semantic distinctiveness condition, half of the items in the category were manipulated in such a way as to add the inappropriate adjective. As a result, RIF occurred in the neutral condition, but RIF did not occur in both the emotional discrimination condition and the semantic discrimination. These results suggest the possibility that the RIF will not occur when the distinctiveness occurs within a categorical relationship.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.916-937
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• 2023

Most of the existing Distributed Denial-of-Service mitigation schemes in Software-Defined Networking are only implemented in the network domain managed by a single controller. In fact, the zombies for attackers to launch large-scale DDoS attacks are actually not in the same network domain. Therefore, abnormal traffic of DDoS attack will affect multiple paths and network domains. A single defense method is difficult to deal with large-scale DDoS attacks. The cooperative defense of multiple domains becomes an important means to effectively solve cross-domain DDoS attacks. We propose an efficient multi-domain DDoS cooperative defense mechanism by integrating blockchain and SDN architecture. It includes attack traceability, inter-domain information sharing and attack mitigation. In order to reduce the length of the marking path and shorten the traceability time, we propose an AS-level packet traceability method called ASPM. We propose an information sharing method across multiple domains based on blockchain and smart contract. It effectively solves the impact of DDoS illegal traffic on multiple domains. According to the traceability results, we designed a DDoS attack mitigation method by replacing the ACL list with the IP address black/gray list. The experimental results show that our ASPM traceability method requires less data packets, high traceability precision and low overhead. And blockchain-based inter-domain sharing scheme has low cost, high scalability and high security. Attack mitigation measures can prevent illegal data flow in a timely and efficient manner.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1119-1122
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• 2007

최근 전자우편이나 해킹을 통한 피싱과 파밍 등 금융 사기가 많이 발생하고 있다. 이에 이러한 피해로부터 사용자의 경제적 손실 및 개인정보 보호를 위하여 웹 사이트 인증, 전자우편 인증 등의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 기존 인증 방법에서는 WBL (Website Black-List) DB를 사용하였는데, 피싱의 짧은 생명주기(life cycle)로 인해 WBL DB의 유효성은 떨어질 뿐만 아니라, 피싱 사건 발생 후 웹 사이트가 WBL DB에 등록되기 전까지는 확인 불가능하다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 WWL (Website White-List) DB를 이용한 연구가 진행 중이지만 아직은 미비한 편이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 기존의 WBL DB와 WWL DB를 이용한 방법이 가지고 있는 한계점을 극복하기 위해 WWL DB 항목을 정의하고, 이를 이용하여 웹사이트 보안 위험도를 정량화할 수 있는 웹사이트 위험도 산정 기법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.745-751
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• 2013

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) have been established widely in the world since 1979 for monitoring long-term bio-accumulation of environmental pollutants. The ESBs perform the retrospective analysis of representative biological samples collected regularly and store them in cryogenic condition. In Korea, National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) was established in 2009. Since then, NESB had prepared the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the seven kinds of specimens (Red Pine (Pinus densiflora), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), and etc.) for monitoring the effect of environmental pollution on the terrestrial ecosystem and river ecosystem. In 2012, NESB added Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris)'s eggs to the list of the environmental specimen for monitoring marine environmental pollution. In this study, we sampled the eggs of the Black-tailed Gull on two islands (Baekryeongdo of the West Sea and Hongdo of the South Sea). Especially, we selected eggs which remained in the early stages of embryo development for certifying the consistent and stable monitoring for environmental pollutants in egg contents. However, it was not considered to classify an order of eggs per clutch in this study. It is known that the concentration variations of pollutants exist among eggs in one clutch. Therefore, it is needed to consider the positions of eggs in the laying sequences to meet the objective of bioaccumulation monitoring. We collected 30 eggs in each site but the amount may be insufficient to achieve storage target (over 2,000 g). Therefore, we need to consider an optimal sampling size.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

The Chinese crested tern (Thalasseus bersteini) is one of the most globally endangered species, listed as "Critically Endangered (CE)" on the IUCN Red List, with only approximately 30-49 individuals surviving in the wild. Chinese crested terns were discovered to breed in South Korea for the first time in 2016 while conducting a census on uninhabited islands. The Ministry of Environment has declared the breeding habitat of the Chinese crested terns as "Specified Island" to protect this CE species. However, brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabiting the breeding grounds of the Chinese crested terns and Black-tailed gulls may potentially pose a threat to the breeding of these avian species. Therefore, we conducted a study on the feeding behavior of brown rats involving stable isotope analysis to determine their food sources. Fecal analysis showed that brown rats mainly fed on plants, whereas they scarcely fed on animals, such as insects. In addition, the stable isotope analysis showed that the δ¹³C values of brown rats, insects, and Indian goosegrasses were approximately -16 to -11‰, whereas the δ¹³C value of Chinese crested terns that obtained their food from the marine ecosystem was approximately -22 to -18‰. Hence, we conclude that the source of carbon for brown rats on this island is the terrestrial ecosystem. We ruled out the possibility of any direct prey-predator interaction between the brown rat and the Chinese crested tern or Black-tailed gull.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.478-485
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• 2018

With the total population of 3,356 worldwide as of 2016, the black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) is designated as "endangered (EN)" species by IUCN. About 70% of population breeds on the uninhabited islands near the west coast of Korea and wintering area is Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, etc. However, there is few detail research in Korea and East Asia on black-faced spoonbill's long range migration and its habitat when migrating southward. We studied black-faced spoonbill's migration route, distribution, stopover, wintering sites, and timing of migration movements using a wild-tracker (WT-200, GPS-Mobile phone based telemetry, KoEco). We caught the black-faced spoonbills in the breeding sites (Gugi island, Bi island, Sangyeobawi, Chilsan island) in Korea in late June 2014. We attached the wild-tracker to 10 juvenile black-faced spoonbills. The tracking showed that the black-faced spoonbills started southward migration between late October and early November. The traveling distance to wintering site was maximum at 1,820 km, minimum at 746 km, the average at 1,201km. The maximum daily traveling distance was 1,479 km with an average of 782 km. The average days it took from breeding site to wintering site was 10 days (SD=10.7). The shortest duration was 2 days, and the longest duration was 34 days. Most individuals used 2-3 stopover sites between the breeding sites to the wintering sites and stayed almost 1-2 days (maximum 31 days). Stopover sites were wetlands such as rivers, streams, reservoir, and mud flat. The wintering sites were coastal areas (five individuals) in China, inland (one individual) in China, Taiwan (three individuals), and Japan (one individual). In conclusion, it is necessary to preserve the stopover sites and wintering site of the black-faced spoonbills through consultation and protection policy between countries and establish the systematic preservation measures and activity plans through continued moniting and additional studies.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.13-22
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to understand some methods to provide women's shoes and their design images from the 1920s to the 1940s, and to benefit from the new methods for creative design and new materials in the future. It also examined the features with the academic background of women's shoes. To target on analysis items and shoes design factors, moreover, it made reference to the paper by former research. As a result, 28 shoes (30.04%) in the 1920s, 47 shoes(51.09%) in the 1930s, and 17 shoes (18.47%) in the 1940s have been collected. The strap shoes, combination color, bright texture, and buckle trimmings are first on the list. The most popular shoes were pumps and strap, in terms of design and shape. In particular, black was one of the common and popular colors. Most of the shoes had buckles. Texture also was brilliant. This study was meaningful to provide understanding and information about a variety of women's shoes designs from the 1920s to the 1930s.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.206-209
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• 2010

A specimen of Redigobius bikolanus (29.0 mm SL) belonging to the family Gobiidae was collected by a hand net from the estuary of Changgo-cheon (river) in Andeok-myeon, Jeju Island, Korea. This specimen was characterized by having 26 lateral line scales, 7 predorsal scales, 7 transverse scales, anterior oculoscapular canal, preopercular canal, and four black spots between origin of anal fin and lower origin of caudal fin. The morphological characteristics of the specimen well matched those of Redigobius bikolanus previously reported. Thus, we newly add this species to the list of Korean fish fauna and propose its new Korean name, "Jeom-bak-i-mang-duk".

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

The taxonomic list of specific features in external and internal shape and the pattern analysis of Aconitum carmichalei $D_{EBX}$ as the original plant of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Aconitum cliiare Dc as the original plant of Aconiti Ciliare Tuber are as follows. 1. Aconitum carmichalei $D_{EBX}$ has tri-palmately parted leaves, petiole in lower leaves, and its ovary has short hair. Whereas Aconitum cliare Dc has $3{\sim}4$ parted leaves, long petiole, and its ovary has not hair. 2. Aconitum carmichalei $D_{EBX}$ has cylinder shape is relatively small in length and diameter, is greyish brown blacky brown in outer surface, greyish $white{\sim}dark$ gray in section. 3. According to the collection place, there is a remarkable difference in the physical shape of herbal states. Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparate(medicated in Korea) is more transparent blacky brown color than Aconiti Lateralis Fadix Preparata(medicated in Chian). Also Black Aconi Radix(墨附片) has exodermis and White Aconi Radix(白附片) has not. 4. The internal characteristics entirely correspond to in internal shape described in the literatures, Only it is possible to discriminate between black Aconi Radix(墨附片) and White Aconi Radix(白附片) by the existence of cork layer. The classification between Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Aconiti Ciliare Tuber makes entirely Tuber makes entirely remarkable difference in the physical shape of cambium layer Namely, in shape of cambium layer the kinds of Aconiti lateralis Radix Prepala has horn-like shape and the kinds of Aconiti Ciliare Tuber has circle-like shape. 5. In the peak of examination substance in comparison to Rt of the index material diterpene alkaloid mesaconitine, aconitine, hypaconitine chromatogram Aconiti Ciliare Tuber is higher than in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata This explain that the component changes after the process of medicine. 6. In the Content of mesaconitine, aconitine and hypaconitime Aconiti Ciliare Tuber is higher than Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. 7. In Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, aconitine, hypaconitine and mesaconitine each appears in Rf 0.46, 0.54, 0.32. But except Aconiti Ciliare Tuber the band does not appear. For the future, such results will be used as the basic source of additional research, and a far-reaching comparative study is needed to distinguish between many kinds of same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

According to a recent KOFICE survey, K-Pop's popularity factor is divided into visual and auditory elements, and the importance of hearing elements is found. Among the various types of singers, idol groups led K-Pop and Black Pink, which topped the list of favorite K-Pop singers in 2018, was selected as the study target. In addition, Twice's music, which is similar to Black Pink's period of activity, has been set as a comparative research scope. The common features in the music of the two groups are the chorus and rhythm structure implemented around melody and Harmony rhythm, and the frequency of use of Major and Minor is greatly different. Through this method and modal interchange, K-Pop from 2016 to 2018 is analyzed. Research shows that first, more than one mode is used as a main melody. When more than one mode is used, different lines in the same line will vary depending on the functional form of the song. Second, the rhythm of the melody expressed with vocals and instruments is repeated based on a two-bar pattern. Finally, when using less chord and slowly expressing the igneous rhythms, there is a way to omit or modify the third notes that determine chord characteristics. Through this study, we can see that the usage patterns of the mode and modal interchange are divided according to the major and minor.