• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2008

The zirconia ceramics are widely used because of their excellent mechanical properties. Recently, many researches to make a colored zirconia was achieved to satisfy the individual aesthetic requirements. In this study, the synthesis of black-color spinel-based inorganic pigments which are stable above $1400^{\circ}C$ and the fabrication of black-colored zirconia using the synthesized pigments are investigated. Inorganic pigments which have spinel structure and near black color were synthesized by a solid state reaction method using a $Fe_2O_3,\;Cr_2O_3$, CoO and NiO powder as a starting materials at $1600^{\circ}C$. Most of synthesized pigments were black colored spinel phases and single spinel phase was successfully synthesized at the composition range of $Cr_2O_3:25{\sim}35%,\;Fe_2O_3:45{\sim}55%$, CoO:20% and NiO:$6{\sim}10%$. The black-colored zirconia was fabricated at $1410^{\circ}C$ with the 5 wt% synthesized pigments and their properties were evaluated. The results showed that the strength value was more than 848 MPa, absorption rate was 0.1%, the brightness of color was $L^*:40{\sim}42$, the tone of color is $a^*:0.2{\sim}0.8$ and $b^*:-1.1{\sim}2.4$. As a result, the black-colored zirconia was suitable for a artificial jewelry or decoration zirconia goods.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2013

We collected Seokganju minerals (regions in Gyeryong Mountain, Sangsin-ri, Banpo-myeon, Gongju Chungcheongnam-province), which were used as natural color pigments for grayish-blue during the 15th~16th centuries of the Joseon era, and investigated their crystallographic features to develop a black pigment having a spinel structure. By a Raman analysis, the color of Seokganju under transparent glaze as a pigment for painting was black because hematite ($Fe_2O_3$) in Seokganju was converted to magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) However, Seokganju into the transparent glaze as a pigment was brown because of hematite ($Fe_2O_3$) and small amounts of maghemite (${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$) in Seokganju minerals. Only Seokganju mineral is used, it is not suitable for black pigment into the transparent glaze. This study tried to develop a spinel crystal black pigment stabilized by Seokganju with CoO, $Cr_2O_3$, NiO, and $MnO_2$ at $1280^{\circ}C$. A Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed to verify the presence of Mn The results showed that it existed as spinel, and two crystal phases $CoFe_2O_4$ and $MnFe_2O_4$ were mixed. $CoFe_2O_4$ spinel has a dark grayish black color and $MnFe_2O_4$ spinel has a greenish black color, and these two appeared as black. The color of a specimen calcined by adding 6 wt% of pigment mixed with 5 wt% of $MnO_2$ added to lime glaze was analyzed with a UV spectrophotometer. When applying the color pigment, it appeared black stabilized with $L^*$24.23, $a^*$ 0.12, $b^*$ -2.29 at $1260^{\circ}C$ oxidative calcination, With $1240^{\circ}C$ reduction firing, it is appeared black stabilized with low brightness of $L^*$ 23.13, $a^*$ -1.12, $b^*$ 0.54.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2007

This research studied the most suitable synthesis condition of mineral pigments of black spinel, which have a stable chromogenic characteristic also ata high temperature of $1400^{\circ}C$ (it is not currently producedin the country) to meet not only functionality of ceramics but also an individual's aesthetic. It was synthesized by the plastic synthetic method on the basis of basic formation of $Fe_2O_3,\;Cr_2O_3$, Quartz, Kaolin, CoO, $MnO_2$, and plasticity was made at $1500^{\circ}C,\;1550^{\circ}C,\;1600^{\circ}C,\;1650^{\circ}C$. We researched the most suitable condition of plasticity and composition which make crystallization of spinel system and chromogenic characteristic close to black in every composition. And for the experiment of application to Zirconia, after adding synthesized pigments to Zirconia and plasticizing them, we analyzed their color and property of matters. The most suitable synthesis conditions of mineral pigments of black spinel system require composition of $Fe_2O_3-32.01%,\;Cr_2O_3-30.47%$, Quartz-9.66%, Kaolin-18.53%, CoO-3.71%, $MnO_2-5.62%$ and condition of plasticity kept for 1 h at $1600^{\circ}C$. When we added pigments synthesized in this way to Zirconia with 5 wt% and plasticized them at $1410^{\circ}C$, the result was that the degree of $strength-32.6kgf/mm^2$, absorptance-0.108%, $luminosity-L^*:37.54,\;color-a^*:1.31,\;b^*:2.61$ and their use suited for artificial jewelry or decoration Zirconia goods.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1957

High-fire stain is influenced by the conditions of glaze, firing atmosphere, etc. On the contrary, low fire stain is not influenced by those conditions but obtainable in arbitrary colors and it is indispensable for pottery decoration. It is difficult for us to study into the color in the sphere of result publication method and expression of color. Looking over the literature on this subject, I have been confronted with much difficulties, accordingly, I made a basic and systematic experiment as to six low-firing stains (blue, green, blue-green, brown black and yellow) and made it proper to be applied in these studies. On pigment, I confirmed the influence of the assistant coloring matter by mixing up the coloring matter and the assistant coloring matter in various proportions. On flux, I measured the melting point by making PbO-$SiO_2$ system and PbO-$B_2O_3-SiO_2$ system and decided the range of usage. Also I checked the coloring by making the pigment on laze with pigment and flux manufactured, and concluded the pigment and flux adaptation to it.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2014

최근 각광받고 있는 디지털 프린팅을 이용한 디자인 기법은 세밀한 표현과 다양한 이미지 구현이 가능하고, 원료의 낭비가 적어 효율성이 높은 장점을 가지고 있다. 디지털 프린팅 공정에서는 cyan, magenta, yellow, black이 기본적인 디지털 4원색으로 사용되며, 도자제품에 적용되는 세라믹 안료의 경우 $1000^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온 소성이 가능하도록 우수한 열적, 유약 안정성과 발색 특성이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 고상합성법을 이용하여 $CaO-SnO_2-Cr_2O_3-SiO_2$ 조성의 pink-red 고온발색 무기안료를 합성하였다. $Ca(Sn,Cr)SiO_5$ 세라믹 안료의 합성 조건에 따른 물성을 XRD, SEM, PSA, FT-IR를 이용하여 분석하였고, Cr 치환량 변화가 $Ca(Sn,Cr)SiO_5$ 무기 안료의 발색 거동에 미치는 영향을 Uv-vis.와 CIE 표색계 값($L^*a^*b^*$)을 기준으로 한 색도측정을 통해 관찰하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.583-589
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• 2017

Ceramic ink-jet printing has become a widespread technology in ceramic tile and ceramicware industries, due to its capability of manufacturing products on demand with various designs. Generally, thermally stable ceramic inks of digital primary colors(cyan, magenta, yellow, black) are required for ink-jet printing of full color image on ceramic tile. Here, we synthesized an aqueous glass-ceramic ink, which is free of Volatile organic compound(VOC) evolution, and investigated its inkjet printability. $CoAl_2O_4$ inorganic pigment and glass frit were dispersed in aqueous solution, and rheological behavior was optimized. The formulated glass-ceramic ink was suitably jetted as single sphere-shaped droplets without satellite drops. After ink-jet printing and firing processes, the printed glass-ceramic ink pattern on glazed ceramic tile was stably maintained without ink spreading phenomena and showed an improved scratch resistance.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2016

고온 및 화학적 안정성이 높은 세라믹 안료는 타 소재 대비 우수한 내구성을 가지며, 최근 잉크젯 프린팅 기술의 발전과 함께 산업적인 응용영역이 점점 확대되고 있다. 세라믹 잉크젯 프린팅 공정은 다양한 이미지를 인쇄 가능하고 높은 효율성을 가지는 친환경 공정이라는 장점으로 인해 다양한 분야에 적용이 시도되고 있어, 디지털 4원색인 CMYK(cyan, magenta, yellow, black) 세라믹 안료를 비롯하여 다양한 색상 및 기능성을 가지는 세라믹 안료에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 세라믹 잉크젯 프린팅에 적합한 white 세라믹 안료를 선정하기 위해 고온에서의 화학적 안정성 및 혼합 발색 거동에 대해 연구하였다. MgO, $Al_2O_3$, $MgAl_2O_4$, $CeO_2$ 조성의 세라믹 안료가 가지는 미세구조 및 결정구조를 분석하고 유약과의 반응성을 평가하였다. 또한 세라믹 잉크젯 프린팅에서 요구되는 고온 안정성을 평가하기 위해 CMYK 발색 세라믹 안료와 혼합한 뒤 열처리 공정을 거쳐 색상 혼합에 따른 화학적 안정성을 CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ 측정을 통해 분석하여 디지털 프린팅 공정으로의 적용가능성을 평가하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2012년도 춘계학술논문집 1부
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• pp.340-343
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• 2012

본 연구는 적외선 반사율 특성을 갖는 세라믹 블랙안료의 개발이며, 기능성안료를 건축내외장재에 적용하여 도심열섬현상 방지 및 에너지 효율을 높이는데 목적을 두고 있다. 세라믹안료의 색상은 Black을 합성하였으며, 각각 적외선 반사율과 내산성, 내열성 시험을 하여 색상변화를 측정하였다. 태양에너지의 측정파장영역 190~2000nm에서 TSR은 35.27%로 나타났으며, 내산성 시험 및 내열성 시험의 결과 거의 변색되지 않은 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.554-561
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• 2007

Synthesis and characterization of pigments by using $Fe_2O_3,\;CoO,\;Cr_2O_3\;and\;MnO_2$ were undertaken. The resulting pigments were characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The color of glazed tiles containing 6 wt% pigment changed from dark green to black depending on the compositions of used materials. Pigments were calcined with mixed materials at $1350^{\circ}C$, and the dark green and dark brown color were obtained. Pigments were used to determine possible interactions between a pigment and a glaze.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2014

The properties of black ceramic pigments including thermal and glaze stability were systematically investigated so that these pigments could be used to decorate porcelain products. Various compositions of $(Ni,Mn)(Fe,Cr,Mn)_2O_4$ and $Co(Fe,Cr)_2O_4$ powders were synthesised using a solid state reaction method. The obtained $Co(Fe,Cr)_2O_4$ and $(Ni,Mn)(Fe,Cr,Mn)_2O_4$ powders showed single phases of spinel structure after calcination processes at $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1200^{\circ}C$, respectively. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ colourimetric parameters of glazed $Co(Fe,Cr)_2O_4$ and $(Ni,Mn)(Fe,Cr,Mn)_2O_4$ pigments were analyzed according to the different amounts of Cr substitution. In addition, the amount of $Cr^{+6}$ remaining in the $Co(Fe,Cr)_2O_4$ and $(Ni,Mn)(Fe,Cr,Mn)_2O_4$ pigments was also measured.