• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2000

Peonjahwan, an oriental traditional medicine composed of crude herbal drugs and animal tissues is bitter and poorly water-soluble. To mask the bitterness of peonjahwan and enhance the release of bilirubin, one of the crude active ingredients of peonjahwan, peonja dry elixir (PDE), was prepared using a spray-dryer after extracting the crude materials in ethanol-water solution. coated peonja dry elixir (CPDE) was then prepared by coating the PDE with Eudragit acrylic resin. Panel assessed bitterness and release test of bilirubin from PDE and CPDE were carried out and compared with peonjahwan alone. PDE was found to have little effect upon the reduction of the bitterness of peonjahwan. However, the bitterness of CPDE was found to reduce to 1/4 of that of peonjahwan due to the encapsulation of crude active ingredients by the dextrin and Eudragit shell (P<0.05). The release rate of bilirubin from PDE and CPDE for 60 min increased about 3.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to peonjahwan at pH 1.2. It is concluded that CPDE, which masked the bitterness of peonjahwan and enhanced the release of bilirubin, is a preferable delivery system for peonjahwan.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

Water is an essential ingredient to brew coffee. Mineral contents in the water can affect both water quality and taste quality of coffee. The effects of minerals in the water on sensory characteristics of coffee were investigated in different water samples (A: Arisu, B: Claris, C: Spring water, D: Samdasoo, E: Evian, Distilled water as control). Based on the results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), there were statistically significant (p<0.01) in flavor, acidity, bitterness, sweetness, body and aftertaste according to different water samples used to brew coffee. The canonical correlation analysis of minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and taste (acidity, bitterness, sweetness) indicated that there were highly correlated in the relationship between bitterness and Mg content. A strong negative relationship was shown between bitterness and acidity, sweetness. A result of preference test using hedonic scale showed an inverse linear relationship between taste quality and total mineral contents.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.602-606
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• 1997

Peonjahwan composed of crude herb, and materials and tissue of animals is a considerably bitter and poorly water-soluble oriental medicine for the treatment of hepatitis. Peonja dry elixir and Eudragit-coated peonja dry elixir were prepared using spray-dryer to mask the bitterness and enhance the release of ingredients from peonjahwan. The bitterness of peonja dry elixir and Eudragit-coated peonja dry elixir reduced to 1/2 and 1/4 of that from peonja powder, respectively. Furthermore, the release rate of bound bilirubin from dry elixir was significantly higher than that from peonja powder.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2016

This study was performed to improve the quality index of paprika by assessment of instrumental test and sensory attributes. Red paprika (11 cultivars), orange paprika (9 cultivars), and yellow paprika (10 cultivars) were provided by GyeongNam (GN) and JeonBuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services (JB). We measured hardness and color values using a colorimeter and TPA as well as developed new terminology such as cucumber taste, grass taste, green pepper flavor and appearance (size, color size, color, and glossiness), texture (hardness, juiciness), and taste (sweetness, pungency, sourness) to describe paprika quality attributes by trained panels. a* value of red 'Nagano' cultivar provided by JB was significantly low, and only b* value of orange paprika was significantly different among the samples. In the case of yellow paprika, b* values were not significantly different, and hardness was significantly different. Overall color values were different among samples provided by GN. Oranos, orange paprika, L value, b value, and hardness were different among the samples. Bitterness was negatively correlated with sweetness and positively correlated with green pepper aroma (p<0.05). Overall acceptability was positively correlated with size, juiciness, and sweetness (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with pungent (p<0.05) and bitterness (p<0.01). In conclusion, negative attributes such as bitterness and pungentness as well as positive attributes such as size, juiciness, and sweetness must be considered as important factors for consumer preference and breeding of new cultivars.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1033-1038
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• 2012

This study was done to provide basic information about the storage and distribution of specialty grade coffee of which the market will be expanded through customer sensory evaluation according to the storage period of specialty grade coffee by the SCAA classified method with consideration to defective beans and scent. The specialty grade coffee sample of this study was extracted on day 1, day 14, and day 28. The water content showed a significant reduction on the 28th storage day and there was no pH change according to the storage period. Color degree was brightened according to the preservation period before and after grinding but there was no significant difference. The panels for sensory evaluation considered of 24 university. The sensory evaluation consist of aroma, bitterness, and astringency, acidity, aftertaste, overall satisfaction, and items for strength estimation consist of aroma, acidity and bitterness. The sensory evaluation was expressed by applying a 5 point Likert scale. The results showed that as the storage period increased so too did the aroma and the strength of bitterness. Preference was the highest on day 1 in every items except aroma and astrigency. However on day 14 and day 28, most of the sensory evaluation became low and then became high, which was inconsistent. Male students were not consistent in their evaluation according to the preservation period, but female students rated aroma and bitterness the lowest on preservation period day 1 and they prefer after a storage period of 1 day in regards to the entire degree of satisfaction including sour test. astrigency and aftertaste. The analysis of visiting frequency for coffee shops used demonstrated that the longer the preservation period, the lower the preference but was not significant in the case of involving a little frequency group. The group that did not like Americano coffee evaluated that the longer the preservation period, the lower the preference based on Americano coffee preference analysis. There was no consistency between the storage period day 14 and day 28 in strength and preference, but preference for storage period day 1 was high in every group, which means that the quality of coffee is affected by the preservation period.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2016

백삼과 홍삼의 추출수율은 각각 33.56%와 48.79%로 홍삼의 추출수율이 높았고, 산성다당체의 경우 1~4차 추출단계까지는 홍삼군이 백삼군보다 높았으나, 5차 추출단계에서 백삼군이 6차 추출단계에서는 홍삼군이 높게 나타났다. 백삼과 홍삼의 추출단계별 농축액의 조사포닌 함량은 백삼(56.44 mg/g)에 비해 홍삼(53.15 mg/g)이 약 5.8 % 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들을 혼합한 선택적 홍삼농축액 모델 4종의 기호도 평가 결과 1, 2, 6차 추출물이 혼합된 RGB-4가 가장 높은 기호도를 나타내었고 시판 홍삼 농축액 3종에 대해 비교한 결과에서도 RGB-4가 쓴맛, 떫은맛, 인삼향 강도가 약해지고 종합적 기호도에서 높은 평가를 받았다. 본 실험에서는 추출방법을 달리 함으로써 추출수율 및 조사포닌 함량을 감안하여 인삼 쓴맛과 향의 강도를 낮출 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 이 추출방법을 이용하여 쓴맛을 저감시키고 인삼향미의 강도를 저감시킨 제품을 개발하여 좀 더 편하고 자연스럽게 홍삼제품을 접할 수 있도록 더 많은 연구가 진행 되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2013

비파엽을 첨가한 쌀음료의 개발에 있어서 과당, 크림, 그리고 비파엽 물 추출물의 농도는 최종 관능적인 맛과 기호도 모두에 유의적인 효과를 주고 있었으며, 비파엽 물 추출물 자체의 쓴맛과 이미를 감소시키는 주요한 첨가물은 과당이라고 결론지을 수 있었다. 그러나 비파엽을 첨가한 쌀음료는 대조구로 사용된 상용 쌀음료를 5점으로 하였을 때 반응 표면 분석의 결과로 예측된 최고 점수가 5점이 약간 못 미치는 수준인 것을 보인다. 통계적 분석 방법의 결과인 Table 2의 전체 기호도 5의 수준에 도달하기 위한 비파엽 추출물의 첨가량에 대한 과당의 첨가량의 상관 관계를 유의성이 떨어지는 항목을 배제하여 회귀식을 단순화하여 과당과 비파엽 추출물만의 식으로 나타내고, 이를 근거로 하여 과당과 비파엽이 기준시료 총 기호도의 5점에 해당하는 수준을 도달하기 위한 상호간의 관계식을 구하였다. 그 결과 과당 첨가량 = 0.618 ${\times}$(비파엽 추출물 Brix 18 고형분량)$^2$ + 0.406 ${\times}$ (비파엽 추출물 Brix 18 고형분량)으로 계산되었다. 결론적으로 비파엽 추출물의 쓴맛을 감소하는 효과는 크림이 있으나 선호도는 과당의 첨가량이 비파엽 추출물을 포함하는 쌀음료의 기호도에 더 큰 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.200-211
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify the sensory characteristics of four kinds of wild vegetables (samnamul, miyeokchwi, daraesoon and bangpung namul), which were prepared through three different soaking methods: SBS (soaking both before and after boiling), BS (soaking only after boiling) and B (never soaking). Moreover, it also compared the consumer acceptance of these samples in Korea. A descriptive analysis was performed on 12 samples (Sam_SBS, Sam_BS, Sam_B, Miyeokchwi_SBS, Miyeokchwi_BS, Miyeokchwi_B, Daraesoon_SBS, Daraesoon_BS, Daraesoon_B, Bangpung_SBS, Bangpung_BS and Bangpung_B) by 10 trained panelists. Furthermore, 115 consumers evaluated the overall acceptance (OL), acceptance of appearance (APPL), odor (ODL), flavor (FLL), and texture (TXTL) of the samples using a 9-point hedonic scale; they also rated the perceived intensities of toughness, roughness and moistness using a 9-point just-about-right (JAR) scale. According to the results of the PLSR data, the Sam_SBS sample, which had significantly (p<0.05) high muddiness, moistness, brightness, redness, oily appearance, sesame oil flavor, softness and greasy attribute scores, presented the highest acceptability and consumer desire scores for consumers. On the other hand, the Miyeokchwi_B and Bangpung_B samples, which had relatively high toughness, crispiness, roughness, bitterness and, astringent attributes scores, were the least preferred samples. Therefore, the muddiness, moistness, brightness, oily appearance, sesame oil flavor, softness and greasy attributes were drivers of "liking," whereas toughness, crispiness, roughness, bitterness, astringent attributes acted as drivers of "disliking" for consumers.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2013

This study aims to understand college students customer's preference and the difference of coffee grade by comparing the result of Q-grader, who was trained professionally and received certification for a sensory evaluation of coffee grade. The results of the chemical analysis of raw coffee and coffee berry show that those of specialty grade had slightly higher, but not significant, water content. Further, the pH of specialty grade coffee was high in coffee beans and after roasting, the commercial grade became high. There was no significant difference between the specialty degree and commercial degree in color before and after roasting. In this study, the panels for the sensory evaluation included 24 university students. The preference of evaluation items of sensory evaluation consist of aroma, acidity, bitterness, astringency, aftertaste, and overall satisfaction. Items for the strength evaluation consist of aroma, acidity and bitterness. The sensory evaluation was expressed by applying a 5 point Likert scale (1: extremely low~5: extremely high). In the sensory evaluation, it was evaluated that specialty grade coffee had strong acidity and commercial grade coffee was strongly bitter. The result of the sensory evaluation shows that female students are sensitive to coffee taste. In the analysis of frequent visit to coffee shop, the not-frequently-use-group rated that specialty grade coffee with higher overall satisfaction than commercial grade coffee in factors such as aroma and acidity. The group which did not prefer Americano coffee rated that specialty grade was higher than commercial grade in all factors except aroma, of which the result is similar to the cupping test.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2005

The red ginseng powder was added to Yackwa dough as ratio to 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, respectively to know effect of red ginseng powder on Yackwa quality and preservation. The expansion, color, texture and preference characters were investigated at 0,2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The peroxide and acid value were also measured. The 4% addition increased greatly expansion rate. In color test, L value lowed at addition of red ginseng powder and at long storage period. the b value lowed as the addition was increased, but a value was not affected by the addition of red ginseng powder. In mechanical texture test, addition of red ginseng powder had a tendency to show low cohessivness, springness, gumminess while hardness increased. The springness, brittleness and cohessivness decreased while hardness increased at long storage period. In sensory test, surface color, bitterness and red ginseng flavor were recognized strong by addition of red ginseng powder but oily taste, crispness, softness and overall preference were weak. The surface color and red ginseng flavor were strong at long storage period but sweetness, softness and overall preference decreased, respectively. The peroxide value increased at long storage period and decreased after 6 week. The 2% and 4% addition showed lower peroxide value compared to other treatment. The acid value increased at early storage period, but did not change after 4 weeks.