• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.597-604
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• 2020

This study examined the bioactive compound content and the antioxidant activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) leaves. The content of vitamin C, beta-carotene, and total carotenoids was 69.77, 45.68, and 65.08 mg/100 g, respectively. To investigate the antioxidant capacity, bitter melon leaves were extracted using various concentrations of ethanol (60, 80, or 100%). Highest content of total polyphenols (18.07 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoids (4.53 mg cathechin equivalent/g) was found in the 100% ethanolic extract of the leaves (E100). Also, the E100 extract showed the highest levels of 2,2'azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and α-α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. Reducing power was also the highest (39.21 mg Trolox equivalent/g) in E100 extract. The E100 extract effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation by 91.45% compared to the control group. Also, the E100 extract showed a cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that bitter melon leaves could be regarded as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.286-289
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• 2013

Phytochemical constituents were isolated from bitter melon (the fruits of Momordica charantia) through open column chromatography. Their structures were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), (23E)-$5{\beta}$,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-$3{\beta}$,25-diol (2), daucosterol (3), uracil (4), and allantoin (5) by interpretation of spectroscopic analysis including MS and $^1H$- & $^{13}C$-NMR. Among them, allantoin (5) was isolated from this plant for the first time.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2017

This study evaluated th physicochemical and sensory characteristics of teriyaki sauce added with bitter melon (Momoridaica charantia L.) roasting powder. Teriyaki sauce containing Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder at concentration of 0% (control), 2% (RMT2), 4% (RMT4), 6% (RMT6), 8% (RMT8). Color of teriyaki sauce added with Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder were lower than the control. The pH of the sauce ranged from $4.31{\pm}0.01{\sim}4.87{\pm}0.01$. As the amount of added Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder was increased, total soluble solid content and viscosity of teriyaki sauce increased. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of Momoridaica charantia L. added teriyaki sauce increased. The sensory evaluation was performed with scoring test s for color, flavor, taste, bitter taste, and overall acceptability by 50 professional panelists. In sensory evaluation, teriyaki sauce added with 4% Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder concentrate high score in sensory preference. Based on the results, 4% should be recommended as the optimum level of Momoridaica charantia L. roasting powder concentrate to be added for the preparation of teriyaki sauce.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2017

Present study aimed to determine the effect of 'bitter melon', a popularly used fruit in Bangladesh and several other Asian countries, on high-fat-diet-induced type 2 diabetes. To investigate the effect, ethanol extract from bitter melon (BME) as a dietary supplement with mouse chow was used. BME was found to significantly attenuate the high-fat diet (HFD) -induced body weight and total fat mass. BME also effectively reduced the insulin resistance induced by the HFD. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of BME was highly effective in increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic fat and obesity. These results indicate that BME could be effective in attenuating type 2 diabetes and could therefore be a preventive measure against type 2 diabetes.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the changes in the ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) cultivated from different regions, with different harvest times and at various maturation stages. Methods for observing the changes in GABA content were validated by determining the specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and precision and accuracy using the HPLC-FLD system. Results showed high linearity in the calibration curve with a coefficient of correlation ($R^2$) of 0.9999. The LOD and LOQ values for GABA were 0.29 and $0.87{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precision of GABA were less than 5%. The recovery rate of GABA was in the range of 98.77% to 100.50%. The average content of GABA was 0.93 mg/g and Cheongju showed highest GABA content of 1.88 mg/g. As the time of harvest increased from May to September, the GABA content decreased from 1.56 to 0.86 mg/g. Also, maturation of the bitter melon fruit was associated with a decreased in GABA content.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2019

In many cases, obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. Recently, natural compounds that may be beneficial for improving obesity have received increasing attention. Bitter melon has received attention as a diabetes treatment. $NAD^+$-dependent deacetylase (Sirtuin 1, SIRT1) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. In this study, ethanol extract of bitter melon (BME) suppressed adipocyte differentiation and significantly increased the expression of SIRT1 in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, it enhanced the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In high-fat diet (HFD)-fed induced-obesity mice, BME suppressed HFD-induced increases in body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. BME also increased the expression of SIRT1 and suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 expressions of WAT from HFD-fed mice. These findings suggest that BME prevents obesity by activating the SIRT1 and AMPK pathway and that it may be a useful dietary supplement for preventing obesity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

여주는 항당뇨, 항암, 항염증, 항바이러스 및 항산화 활성의 다양한 생리적 효능을 지니고 있다. 그러나 쓴맛으로 인해 여주를 이용한 식품 개발은 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여주를 이용하여 피클을 제조하고 숙성 기간 중 품질 특성과 항산화 활성을 살펴보았다. 숙성 4주 후에 피클의 pH, 염도, 가형성 고형분 및 환원당은 감소하였고 산도는 증가하였다. 한편 총 균수, 젖산균수 및 효모균수는 1주까지 빠르게 증가하다가 이후에는 약간 감소하였다. 여주 피클 숙성 중 수용성 phenolics는 증가하였고 이에 상응하여 항산화 활성도 증가하였다. 또한 여주 피클의 조단백질, 칼륨 및 인 함량은 여주 원료보다는 낮았으나 조지방 및 소금 함량은 높았다. 여주 피클 숙성 중 쓴맛과 향의 개선을 위하여 옥수수수염 추출물을 첨가하였는데 0.25% 옥수수수염 추출물 여주 피클이 관능적으로 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.903-909
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• 2017

식품을 혼합하였을 때 생리 기능 상승효과가 있을 것을 기대하여 돼지감자즙에 건조 여주즙을 5% 혼합하여(돼지감자 여주즙) 일반 영양성분을 알아보았고 streptozotocin(STZ)으로 당뇨를 유발한 흰쥐에 이를 음용수로 4주간 공급하고 혈당지표로서 혈액 포도당 농도 변화, 최종혈당 농도, 경구 당부하 검사, 혈청 인슐린 농도를 실시하였다. 돼지감자 여주즙 100 g당 수분 82.22 g, 열량 67.00 cal, 당류 2.52 g, 탄수화물 15.45 g, 조단백 1.21 g, 조회분 1.02 g, 나트륨 0.49 mg을 함유하였고 포화지방산, 조지질, 콜레스테롤은 검출되지 않았다. 돼지감자 여주즙을 3배의 증류수로 희석하여 4주 동안 음용수로 공급한 흰쥐의 사료 이용효율은 NC군 0.138에 비하여 STZ군은 -0.024~-0.054로 유의적으로 낮았다. 사료섭취량은 적응기간에는 하루 32~34 g이었는데 STZ 투여 1주일 후 NC군의 $38.6{\pm}9.2g$에 비하여 STZ군은 $25.2{\pm}5.4g$으로 실험군별 차이가 컸다. 4주 후에는 NC군의 사료섭취량이 STZ군, HT2.5군, HT5.0군보다 유의적으로 많았다. 흰쥐의 시작 체중은 153.5~163.0 g으로 비슷하였는데 STZ 투여군은 체중이 감소하였다. NC군의 체중은 4주 후 평균 157.0 g 증가하였는데 당뇨유발군들은 4주 동안 체중이 8~44 g 정도 감소하였다. 하루 동안 물 섭취량은 적응 기간에 평균 $75.0{\pm}6.7mL$였는데, STZ 투여 4주 후에는 STZ군이 $159.2{\pm}6.1mL$로 가장 많았고 돼지감자 여주즙군은 NC군보다 많았고 STZ군보다는 적었다. 혈장 포도당의 수준은 NC군의 $113{\pm}4.5mg/dL$에 비하여 STZ 투여 1주일 후 STZ군은 $476.7{\pm}22.8mg/dL$로 약 4배 높았고 HT군은 $376.3{\pm}25.8mg/dL$, HT2.5군은 $405.2{\pm}35.1mg/dL$, HT5.0군은 $342.8{\pm}29.7mg/dL$로 STZ군보다 낮았다. 당부하검사에서 포도당투여 후 120분 동안 혈당을 낮추는 효과가 돼지감자군들에서 컸으며, 돼지감자 여주즙 음용 4주후 흰쥐의 혈청 인슐린분비가 많아졌음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 돼지감자 여주즙 음용이 당뇨 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 평가되며 돼지감자의 고부가가치를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2023

In the Goesan region, located in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, a significant outbreak of soft rot infections was documented in August 2021, affecting fruits of Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd. The symptoms included a noticeable transition to yellowing in the affected fruits, eventually leading to their collapse. The bacterial strain KNUB-09-21 was isolated from the diseased fruits. Molecular analysis, using the sequences of the 16S rRNA region and three housekeeping genes (dnaX, recA, and leuS), along with the results of compound utilization in the API ID 32 GN system, provide strong evidence for the identification of the isolate KNUB-09-21 as Pectobacterium brasiliense. The pathogenicity of strain KNUB-09-21 on M. charantia was confirmed through a controlled inoculation test. Within two days, inoculated fruits displayed soft rot symptoms closely resembling those observed in naturally affected fruits. This is the first report of soft rot on M. charantia in Korea.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.462-463
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• 2011