• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 1979

The author compared patients showing two extremes of incisor vertical relationship to find out differences in craniofacial morphology which might influence face height and incisor overbite. The subjects consisted of 53 open-bite cases and the same number of deep-bite cases. The results were as follows: 1. On the average, the lower face height was significantly greater in open-bite cases than in deep-bite cases. 2. In open-bite cases, gonin-menton length was significantly greater than in deep-bite cases. In deep-bite cases, anterior cranial base length and posterior cranial base length were significantly greater in open-bite cases. 3. The jaw angle was significantly greater in open-bite cases. 4. The gonion-menton-nasion angle was significantly greater in deep-bite cases. 5. From geometric standpoint, the increase of jaw and joint angle would increase lower face height, but these two showed negative correlation. 6. The sizes of the jaw and joint angle might be factors of open-bite or deep-bite, but these were not the only variables that determined lower face height. 7. In open-bite cases, there was a closer correlationship between lower face height and the other linear measurments than in deep-bite cases. In deep-bite cases, there was a closer correlationship between lower face height and the other angular measurements than in open-bite cases. 8. Considering both linear and angular measurements of facial polygon, all contributed significantly to the lower face height. The nonsignificant variables were jaw and joint angle in open-bite cases, and anterior cranial base length, jaw angle, and joint angle in deep-bite cases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.1 s.33
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• pp.185-195
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to grope the correlation of the maximal bite force and tooth-craniofacial structure. The maximal bite force of 76 adult male, aged 18-28 (mean aged: $23.4{\pm}2.2$) years, was estimated and cephalometric headplates were measured, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. 59.61kg of bite force in first molar, 45.38kg in premolar and 17.10kg in central incisor were arranged. 2. The bite force was negatively correlated to genial angle, mandibular plane angle, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, the angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane, and positively correlated to posterior height of face, length of mandibular body, length of ramus, facial depth in craniofacial structure. 3. The group with strong bite force showed small genial angle, mandibular plane angle, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, the angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane, and long posterior height of face, length of mandibular body, length of ramus, facial depth. So they manifested the tendency to brachycephalic pattern, on the other hand, the group with weak bite force manifested the tendency to dolichocephalic pattern. 4. There is no correlationships between bite force and mesial inclination of premolar axis in this subject. 5. It is considered bite force have an effect upon craniofacial pattern, especially upon the lower face.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.333-354
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• 1990

This study was designed to analyse vertical dysplasia such as open bite or deep bite in persons with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The subjects consisted of 60 control patients, 40 Class III open bite patients and 40 Class III deep bite patients. The mean age was 19.8 years in the control group, 17.8 years in the Class III open bite group and 16.5 years in the Class III deep bite group. The results were as follows: 1. In Class III malocclusion patients, the characteristics of the vertical dysplasia are under the palatal plane. 2. In Class III malocclusion patients, the items showing the characteristics of the vertical dysplasia are mandibular plane angle, lower gonial angle, lower facial height, dental height & inclination of the upper first molar, interincisal angle, maxillary & mandibular occlusal plane angle. 3. In Class III malocclusion patients, LPFH/LAFH ratio shows the highest significance among the facial height ratios. 4. In Class III malocclusion patients, open bite group has a upward cant of maxillary occlusal plane & downward cant of mandibular occlusal plane. And deep bite group has a downward cant of maxillary occlusal plane & upward cant of mandibular occlusal plane. 5. In Class III malocclusion patients, the molar teeth of the open bite group are measially inclined and those of the deep bite group are upright.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.3 s.42
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• pp.391-403
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• 1993

For the purpose of investigating mesiodistal axial inclination of posterior teeth in normal occlusion group, open bite and deep bite group and investigating the correlationship between the axial inclination of posterior teeth and overbite of anterior teeth, a cephalometric study was performed on the subjects consisted of normal occlusion group(40), open bite group(71 : Angle's Class I, Class II, division 1 25, Class III 25) and deep bite group(64 : Angle's Class I 23, Class II, division 1 21, Class III 20). Mesiodistal axial inclination of posterior teeth to occlusal, mandibular and palatal plane were measured. The findings of this study were as follows : 1. Upper and lower posterior teeth were more mesially inclined to occlusal plane in open bite group than in deep bite group. 2. Lower posterior teeth were more mesially inclined in deep bite group than in open bite group in Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion but there were no significant differences in Angle's Class I and Class III malocclusion. 3. There was no significant correlationship between the axial inclination of posterior teeth to each plane and overbite of anterior teeth in open bite group. 4. There was a significant correlationship between the axial inclination of upeer and lower second premolar to occlusal plane and overbite of anterior teeth in Angle's Class I, Class II, division 1 and Class III malocclusion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.6 s.53
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• pp.665-674
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cephalometric characteristics of the open-bite patients with DJD of TMJ. The DJD open-bite cases were compared with normal samples and Class II open-bite cases with normal TMJ respectively. Twenty three open-bite patients with bilateral DJD of TMJ($13.9\~35.3$ yens old, Group I) were selected from the Department of Orthodontics, SNUDH. Group ll consisted of thirteen Class II open-bite cases($13.2\~27.4$ years old) with no TMD signs/symtoms and good condylar shapes. Group III samples were the forty eight healthy dental students who have Class I molar relationships with no history of orthodontic treatment, good facial balance and no TMD symptoms($20.0\~26.8$ years old). First, sixty measurements in the lateral cephalometric radiographs and analysis of variance(P<0.05, Scheffe) were used to compare these three groups. The seven measurements showed significant difference(p<0.05) between Group I and Group II. After analysis of variance, six of them were used for the discriminant analysis(Wilks' stepwise analysis) and the discrminant function for Group I/Group II was obtained. The results and conclusions were as follows : In most of the measurments, Group I and Group II showed the same skeletal and dental characteristics. But seven of the sixty measurements(FH-PP angle, SNB, FH-ArGo angle, articulare angle, genial angle, upper gonial angle and Ar-Go length) were significantly different(p<0.05) between Group I and Group II. These differences may be explained by the fact that in DJD cases the mandible rotated backward due to the shortening of the ramus following the degenerative destruction of condylar head and its surrounding structures. The resulting discriminant function was : $D={-0.120X}_1+{0.066X}_2+{0.144X}_3-{0.058X}_4+2000,\;where\;X_1=ArGo\;length(mm),\;X_2=SArGo\;angle(degree),\;X_3=FH-PP\;angle(degree),\;X_4=Gonial\;angle(degree)$. Mean of the group centroids was -0.555 and percent of the 'grouped' cases correctly classified was $88.89\%$.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-123
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• 1981

The author studied and analyzed statistically 112 adults female ranging in age from 18 to 20 years with normal occlusion, 56 adults female ranging in age from 18 to 24 years with deep overbite and 53 adults female ranging in age from 18 to 28 years with open bite by vertical cephalometric analysis. The results were as follows; 1. In comparing normal occlusion with deep overbite and open bite, skeletal linear measurements were more significant than dentoalveolar linear measurements. SN-MP angle, SN-OP angle, PP-OP angle and Xi angle (ANS-Xi-Pog) were significant in anglular measurements. 2. Upper posterior facial height (SE-PNS), upper anterior alveolar height, lower posterior alveolar height, lower posterior alveolar height/lower anterior alveolar height and SN-PP angle were non significant between deep overbite and open bite. 3 The most significant items between deep overbite and open bite were lower anterior facial height (ANS-ME) and SN-MP angle. 4. Correlation coefficients of angular measurements were higher in deep overbite, while that of linear measurement total anterior facial height (N-ME) was higher in open bite. 5. In the multiple regression equation, significant variables were total anterior facial height (N-ME), lower anterior alveolar height, upper anterior alveolar height, upper posterior alveolar height, Xi angle (ANS-Xi-Pog) and ramus height (AR-Go) in deep overbite, and total anterior facial height (N-Me), lower anterior alveolar height, ramus height (AR-Go), lower posterior alveolar height, PP-MP angle and upper posterior facial height (SE-PNS) in open bite.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.364-368
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• 2013

The case report describes the occlusal rehabilitation of a male patient with Angle Class III malocclusion and its effect on maximum bite force. The main complaints of patient were masticatory difficulty and poor esthetic. The patient's expectations from the treatment were a good esthetic and function with a less invasive and relatively promptly way. Therefore, increasing of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) and then restoring the maxillary and mandibular teeth was chosen by the patient among the treatment options. At the beginning of treatment maximum bite force of patient was measured. Then an occlusal splint was provided to evaluate the adaptation of the patient to the altered OVD. Full mouth rehabilitation with metal ceramic restorations was made. After the completion of full mouth restoration, bite force measurement was repeated and patient exhibited increased maximum bite force. Full mouth restorative treatment in a patient with Class III malocclusion could be an effective treatment approach to resolve esthetic concern and to improve masticatory function related to maximum bite force.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.929-930
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• 2013

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2015

Objective: This prospective clinical study aims to determine the differences between two treatment modalities for anterior open bite in growing patients. The treatment modalities involved the use of magnetic bite-blocks (MBBs) or rapid molar intruders (RMIs) applied with posterior bite-blocks. Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients with a mean age of 11.2 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.6) years and a mean open bite of -3.9 mm were treated with MBBs. Another 15 consecutive patients with a mean age of 10.9 (SD = 1.8) years and a mean open bite of -3.8 mm were treated with RMIs applied on bite-blocks. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained before (T1) and immediately after appliance removal (T2). The treatments lasted four months, during which the appliances were cemented to the teeth. The morphological changes were measured in each group and compared using logistic regression analysis. Results: The MBB group exhibited significantly greater decreases in SNA angle, ANB angle, overjet, and maxillary incisor angle (p < 0.05). The MBBs induced greater effects on the maxilla and maxillary dentition. The MBBs restrained maxillary forward growth and retracted the maxillary incisors more effectively than did the RMIs. Consequently, changes in the intermaxillary relationships and overjets were more distinct in the MBB group. Conclusions: The anteroposterior differences between the appliances suggest that MBBs should be preferred for the treatment of patients with Class II open bites and maxillary incisor protrusions.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.4 s.87
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• pp.439-445
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to compare the dento-skeletal characteristics between functional and skeletal anterior cross-bite patients. Twenty-eight functional anterior cross-bite patients and thirty-one skeletal anterior cross-bite patients were selected as a test and a control group. Mean ages of the test and the control group were $9.6{\pm}1.8$ and $9.9{\pm}1.9$, respectively. Lateral cephalograms were taken. Forty-nine cephalometric variables were measured and statistical analysis was performed to find the morphological differences between the groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the cephalometric variables of cranial deflection, maxillary depth, ANB, convexity, NPo-AB, APDI, Mx 1-SN, Mx 1-NA angle, Mx 1-NA, Md 1-NB angle and Md 1-NB. The test group showed more Class III growth potential, more protruded maxilla, lesser maxillo-mandibular difference, more uprighted and retruded maxillary central incisor, more labially tipped and protruded mandibular central incisor.